1
Paraprofessional Literacy Module
2
Why do students need to
learn how to read?
3
The Friembly BogOne ubom a tmie there was a friembl dobl. His name was jake. Jake belombeb to bavig and bhte. Davib and Beth aar tins. They ae nime yearas dol.
On e tome jak went down to the cellar. H was a ducket of soab. The tins wer doing to wash the car. He liked some soap buddles out fo the ducket. When he darked, dig dubbles ca me out of hi s muth!
Last sum mre Jak founb a frenb. His frien sqw a tac named freb. They blayde all bay. They nar aroumb and aruombb tye yarb. Jake chased the tac ub te tre. Freb climbed up easily. Jake tribe t and tribe dut ehe slib back bown!
4
Task ForceTask ForceCindy O’Riley, Coordinator Arkansas Personnel Development, ADE, SEU
Ann Addison, Paraprofessional, Sheridan School DistrictDonna Alliston, Professional Development Coordinator,AR Dept. of Health and Human
Services,Division of Child Care and Early Childhood EducationMary Calloway, School Improvement Supervisor, ADE
Melanie Crider, Paraprofessional, Clinton School DistrictKaren Massey, Early Childhood Coordinator, SWAEC/EC
Lisa Oden, Instructor, SAU-TechRhonda Saunders, SEA, Early Childhood, ADE, SEU
Debbie White, Teacher, Cabot School DistrictDiane Stockman, Teacher, Cabot School District
Dale Ball, Special Education Supervisor, Newport School DistrictJoyce Sullivan, Special Education Supervisor, Beebe School District
Chenell Loudermill, Speech/Language Pathologist, Little Rock School District Jana Breyer, Paraprofessional, Sheridan School District
Lisa Haley, Coordinator, SIG LiteracyRose Mary Burks, Consultant,SIG Literacy
Susan Friberg, Consultant, SIG Literacy
5
PRE-TEST
CIRCLE PRE-TEST
PRINT NAME
COMPLETE TESTSCORE TEST(facilitator)
WRITE SCORE AT THE TOP
6
Goals of Literacy Module
Gain an awareness and understanding of Arkansas initiatives and the frameworks.Understand the role of the five essential elements of literacy.Understand how to apply systematic and direct practice to assist students in acquiring literacy skills.Apply instructional techniques and content that will reinforce effective reading instruction.
7
Research Findings In Literacy
Five Essential Elements of Reading
Phonemic Awareness
Phonics
Fluency
Comprehension
Vocabulary
8
English Language Arts Frameworks
Standards
Oral and Visual Communications
Writing
Reading
Inquiring/Researching
9
Arkansas Literacy Initiative
Pre K Ella 3 and 4 year olds
Ella K-1
Elf 2-4
Smart Start K-4Smart Step 5-8 content strategies
Literacy Lab 5-8 English Language Arts
Next Step 9-12 content strategies
10
Pre K Ella
Professional development for early childhood educators
Provides a literacy foundation for young children
Standards based as related to the Arkansas Early Childhood Education Frameworks
11
ELLA K-1Effective Literacy 2-4
The Reading Process
Phonemic Awareness
Word Study (Spelling/Phonics Development)
Vocabulary
Comprehension
Reading Fluency
Writing Development
Assessment
Flexible Grouping
12
Smart Start
A comprehensive plan for student achievement,
that includes:
1. Standards – the frameworks
2. Professional Development
3. Student Assessment
4. Accountability
13
Literacy Lab
Strategic Reading with Comprehension
Instruction
Writing Instruction
Vocabulary InstructionWord StudyAssessment
Grades 5-8
14
Smart Step/Next Step
Constructive MeaningBuilding ComprehensionInteractive LearningAnalyzing to UnderstandWriting to Learn
Grades 5-12
15
Five Essential Elements of Reading
1. Phonemic Awareness
2. Phonics
3. Fluency
4. Vocabulary
5. Comprehension
Rhymes SentencesWords
Syllables Onset
Rimes
Phonemes
“Phonemic Awareness”
Phonological
Awareness
17
Components of Phonological Awareness
Rhyming
Identify and producing words that sound the same.
Simple oral activities:
Do these words rhyme?
Tell me a word that rhymes with _
18
Components of Phonological Awareness continued
Segmentation
Breaking whole words into individual sounds or
word parts.
19
Components of Phonological Awareness continued
Onset and Rime
Onsets and rimes are parts of spoken language that
are smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes.
Onset – initial consonant sound of a syllable
Rime – vowel and all that follows
20
Components of Phonological Awareness continued
Isolation/Grapheme Identification
Identification of one phoneme by position in a word,the knowledge of sound symbol correspondence.
21
Components of Phonological Awareness continued
Deletion
Manipulation of root words, syllables, and
phonemes in a word.
22
Components of Phonological Awareness continued
Substitution
To isolate a phoneme in a word, then
change it to another phoneme forming a
new word
23
Components of Phonological Awareness continued
Blending
Combining individual phonemes to formwords.
24
Components of Phonological Awareness continued
Decoding
Generalizing knowledge of sound/symbol
correspondences and blending sounds into
unknown words.
25
Phonemic Awareness
The ability to notice,
think about, and work
with the individual
sounds (phonemes) in
spoken words.
26
The Speech Sounds of English
Handout 1 - Vowel Chart
Video
Moats 2003
27
BREAK
10 Minute Break
28
Activity 1
Spin the Web
Reinforcement of Phonemic Awareness
Handout 2 – word cards
29
Phonics
Phonics is the understanding that there is a
predictable relationship between phonemes,
(sounds of spoken language) and graphemes,
(the letters and spellings that represent those
sounds in written language).
30
Phonics Instruction
Teaches students to connect letters or written
language with the individual sounds they make
when spoken.
Teaches students how to use letter-sound
relationships to read or write words.
31
Activity 2
Word Wheel
Reinforcement of Phonics
Handout 3 and 3a
32
Fluency
The ability to read a sentence, paragraph, or any text accurately andquickly.
Reading with speed, accuracy, andproper expression; not hurried reading.
33
Factors Related to Sustaining Fluency and Phrasing
Recognizing and solving words in a quick,automatic way.
Recognizing phrase units.
Being aware of and using punctuation.
Activating and using background knowledge.
34
Factors Related to Sustaining Fluency and Phrasing (continued)
Understanding and using the organizational structureof the text.
Using meaning and language structure to monitorreading (making sure reading makes sense and sounds right).
Predicting at the word, phrase, and text level.
35
Fluency Instruction
Methods to practice fluency:
Adult-Student share reading
Choral/Echo Reading
Taped Reading
Paired Reading
36
Activity 3
The Great Depression
Reinforcement of FluencyHandout 4 and 4a
37
Sight Words
Words that are read fluently and
automatically at first sight.
38
Vocabulary
Understanding what words mean by
themselves and in sentences.
Understanding word meanings to read
with fluency and comprehension.
39
Vocabulary Instruction
The act of teaching vocabulary prior to
introducing a passage or text to students.
1. Pre-read selected reading material
2. Consider vocabulary that needs to be
introduced to students
3. Teach vocabulary before student reads text
40
Activity 4
Idioms
Reinforcement for VocabularyHandout 5 and 5a
41
Comprehension
The Reason for Reading
Understanding what sentences, paragraphs, and stories are trying to tell us.
Making sense of what we hear and read.
Understanding what has been read.
42
Strategies in Development of Comprehension
Prediction – asking students to tell what
they think will happen.
Apply background knowledge – asking
students to tell what they know about a
topic.
Retell – asking students to retell in his/her own
words what they have just read.
43
Comprehension Instruction
Active Thinking
Students think about what the words mean
and picture them in their minds.
44
Activity 5
Reinforcement forComprehension
Handout 6
45
What Struggling Readers Need
Targeted Intervention
Explicit instruction
Systematic instruction (in order)
More time on task
More practice
46
Assessment System
Screening
DIBELS
DRA
Diagnostic Assessments
Benchmarks
IOWA
47
DIBELS Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy
Skills
DIBELS Measures
Phonemic Segmentation Fluency
Letter Naming Fluency
Nonsense Word Fluency
Word Use Fluency
Oral Reading Fluency
48
DRADevelopmental Reading Assessment
Used in K-3 Classrooms
Literature Based Instructional Reading
Program
A set of 20 stories that increase in difficulty
49
Diagnostic Assessments
Benchmark Assessment – Arkansascriterion-referenced test of literacy and
math that is aligned to frameworks.
Iowa Test of Basic Skills – Norm – referencedTest of reading comprehension and mathproblem solving.
50
Connections
“Good readers rely on background knowledge to help them make sense of text. Ignoring existing prior knowledge puts readers at a great disadvantage. It is vital that students make connections when they read. It’s up to teachers to show them how.” - Chris Tovani from
I Read It, But I Don’t Get It
51
Post-Test
CIRCLE POST-TEST
PRINT NAME
COMPLETE TESTSCORE TEST(facilitator)
WRITE SCORE AT THE TOP