Download - 10 Interest Groups Video: The Big Picture 10 IA_1/polisci/presidency/Edwards_Ch10_Interest_Groups_S
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10
Interest Groups
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Video: The Big Picture 10
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Edwards_Ch10_Interest_Groups_Seg1_v2.html
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Learning Objectives
Describe the role of interest groups in American politics
Compare and contrast the theories of pluralism, elitism, and hyperpluralism
10.1
10.2
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Learning Objectives
Analyze the factors that make some interest groups more successful than others in the political arena
Assess the four basic strategies that interest groups use to try to shape policy
10.3
10.4
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Learning Objectives
Identify the various types of interest groups and their policy concerns
Evaluate how well Madison’s ideas for controlling the influence of interest groups have worked in practice
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10.5
10.6
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Video: The Basics
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg2_InterestGroups_v2.html
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Role of Interest Groups
Interest groups pursue policy goals
Different from political parties Do not run candidates Policy specialists, not generalists
25,000 interest groups
Technology aids lobbying
10.1
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a. 5,000
b. 25,000
c. 100,000
d. 50,000
10.110.1 How many interest groups are there in the United States?
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a. 5,000
b. 25,000
c. 100,000
d. 50,000
10.110.1 How many interest groups are there in the United States?
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Video: In Context 10.1
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_InterestGroups_v2.html
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Theories of Interest Group Politics
Pluralism
Elitism
Hyperpluralism
10.2
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Pluralism
Group theory of politics Groups link people and government Groups compete No one group likely to become dominant Groups play by the rules of the game Groups weak in one resource can use another
Concessions Some groups stronger than others All interests do not get equal hearing
10.2
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Elitism
Real power held by a few
78% of Americans share this view
Interlocking directorates
Multinational corporations
Lobbying benefits the few at the expense of the many
10.2
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Video: In the Real World
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg5_InterestGroups_v2.html
10.2
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Hyperpluralism
Interest group liberalism Groups out of control Government tries to appease all of them
Budgets, programs, regulations expand
Iron triangles
Contradictory and confusing policy results
10.2
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a. Elitism
b. Hyperpluralism
c. Pluralism
d. None of the above
10.210.2 Which theory of interest group politics views interest groups positively?
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a. Elitism
b. Hyperpluralism
c. Pluralism
d. None of the above
10.210.2 Which theory of interest group politics views interest groups positively?
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What Makes an Interest Group Successful?
Surprising Ineffectiveness of Large Groups
Intensity
Financial Resources
10.3
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Smaller groups have advantage Potential group Actual group Collective good Free-rider problem
Selective benefits
Surprising Ineffectiveness of Large Groups
10.3
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Intensity
Psychological advantage
Single-issue groups On the rise Dislike compromise Abortion
10.3
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Financial Resources
System is biased toward wealthy 2008 federal elections cost $5 billion Donations lead to access
But $$$ does not always lead to lobbying success Other side contributes, too
10.3
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a. Other side can also make contributions
b. Campaign contributions are too restricted to make a significant difference
c. Most groups cannot afford to buy politicians
d. Most politicians refuse to accept interest group contributions
10.310.3 Why does money not always lead to lobbying success?
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a. Other side can also make contributions
b. Campaign contributions are too restricted to make a significant difference
c. Most groups cannot afford to buy politicians
d. Most politicians refuse to accept interest group contributions
10.310.3 Why does money not always lead to lobbying success?
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Assess the four basic strategies that interest groups use to try to shape policy
10.4
1. Make an interest group for a current social issue(5-7 people, get into your group)
2. Assign 4 people to serve as the chief strategists for the group for the 4 strategies employed by interest groups.
3. Chief Strategists will formulate a plan to execute their assigned strategy. Assign jobs to other members of group as needed.
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How Groups Try to Shape Policy
Lobbying
Electioneering
Litigation
Going Public
10.4
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Lobbying
Two types of lobbyists Full-time employee Temporary employee Often former legislators
Why do Congressmen listen to lobbyists? Lobbyists provide specialized expertise Lobbyists help with political & campaign strategy Lobbyists provide ideas
10.4
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FIGURE 10.1: Industries’ big spenders on lobbying, 2009-2011
10.4
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NRA 10.4
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Electioneering
Aiding candidates financially
Getting out the vote
PACs $5,000 limit in primary and general election Mainly support incumbents
Should PACs be eliminated?
10.4
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Explore Interest Groups: Can Interest Groups Buy Public Policy?
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_edwards_mpslgia_16/pex/pex10.html
10.4
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Litigation
Suing for enforcement Environmental regulations Civil rights groups – 1950s
Amicus curiae briefs
Class action lawsuits
10.4
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Going Public
Public opinion influences policy makers
Mobilize public opinion
Public relations
10.4
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Interest group ad 10.4
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a. Lobbying
b. Litigation
c. Electioneering
d. Going public
10.410.4 On what tactic do interest groups rely to influence policy when Congress is unsympathetic?
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a. Lobbying
b. Litigation
c. Electioneering
d. Going public
10.410.4 On what tactic do interest groups rely to influence policy when Congress is unsympathetic?
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Explore the Simulation: You Are a Lobbyist
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_longman_media_1/2013_mpsl_sim/simulation.html?simulaURL=16
10.4
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Types of Interest Groups
Economic interests
Environmental interests
Equality interests
Consumer and other public interest lobbies
10.5
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Economic Interests
Labor Unions Closed shop versus “right-to-work”
10.5
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Wisconsin collective bargaining fight 10.5
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Economic Interests
Business Dominate lobbying and PACs
Business interests not monolithic Policy differences among industries
10.5
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FIGURE 10.2: How corporate PACs have shifted toward the majority party
10.5
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Environmental Interests
Sprang up since 1970 More than 10,000 groups with $2.9 billion revenue
Profound policy impact Influential due to numbers, not money
10.5
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Save the polar bear 10.5
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Equality Interests
Fourteenth Amendment guarantees
Minorities NAACP/Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Social welfare policies
Women National Organization for Women (NOW) Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
10.5
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Consumer and Other Public Interest Lobbies
Policies in the public interest Collective goods
What is the public interest?
10.5
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Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg4_InterestGroups_v2.html
10.5
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a. Economic groups
b. Environmental groups
c. Consumer groups
d. Women’s rights groups
10.510.5 Which interest groups are the best funded?
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a. Economic groups
b. Environmental groups
c. Consumer groups
d. Women’s rights groups
10.510.5 Which interest groups are the best funded?
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Understanding Interest Groups
Interest Groups and Democracy
Interest Groups and the Scope of Government
10.6
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Interest Groups and Democracy
Does pluralism prevail? Growth in number of interest groups Less clout for any one group
Interest group corruption? Business PACs Wealthy groups dominate
Gridlock?
10.6
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Interest Groups and the Scope of Government
Individualistic and associational
Difficult to reduce spending
Vicious circle Groups lead to policy Policy prompts new groups to form
10.6
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a. They do not see a problem with large numbers of groups
b. They think too many groups competing will lead to policy gridlock
c. They believe that a few groups will triumph over all the others
d. None of the above
10.610.6 What do hyperpluralists see as a problem with the proliferation of interest groups?
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a. They do not see a problem with large numbers of groups
b. They think too many groups competing will lead to policy gridlock
c. They believe that a few groups will triumph over all the others
d. None of the above
10.610.6 What do hyperpluralists see as a problem with the proliferation of interest groups?
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Discussion Question
What are the three main theories ofinterest group politics? Which theory do you think provides the most accurate explanation for how interest groups interact with government in the U.S. today?
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Video: So What?
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Edwards_Ch10_Interest_Groups_Seg6_v2.html
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Further Review: On MyPoliSciLab
Listen to the Chapter
Study and Review the Flashcards
Study and Review the Practice Tests
10