Download - 160 summer 15_sound_lecture
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Digital Sound What makes it digital?
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Analog Audio
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Digital Audio
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Digital Recording
•sampling (1 piece @ a time)•compression (etc.)
There are two concepts you need to wrap your head around...
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Slices of LifeMRI as Movie
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Each Sample is a Snapshot
Sample Rate.... How often are you checking in?
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audio sample rates
•11.025 kiloHertz (1000 samples per second)•22.050 kHz•44.100 kHz (standard CD audio)•48.000 kHz (standard film production audio)
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Compression
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Uncompressed audio such as an .aiff file or .wav file uses almost 9MB for 1 minute.
A normal CD holds about 700MB of material which means about 80 minutes of music..
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**
Waveform Audio File Format (uncompressed format developed by Microsoft.
Audio Interchange File Format (uncompressed Mac format.)
I’m an audio-phile....wav file
.aiff file
.mp3 fileMPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer 3 (compressed file developed by the Motion Picture Experts Group.
which are compressed and which are uncompressed????
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Sound Design
How does sound define an
experience for viewer/listener?
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Examples
This American Life: “Something for Nothing”http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/62/something-for-nothing
Radiolab: “Words” http://www.radiolab.org/2010/aug/09/
African Perspectives
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What Can Sound Design Do?
● Suggest a mood, evoke a feeling● Set a pace● Indicate a location● Provide story information● Heighten realism or diminish it● Draw attention to a detail● Smooth transitions between shots
or scenes (sound bridge)
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• Dialog
• Ambience/backgrounds
• Music
• Voice over / narration
• SFX (sound effects, can be from production or from library)
Sound Elements
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Diegetic vs. Non-Diegetic Sound
Diegetic sound comes from within the world of the film.
Non-diegetic sound comes from outside of the world of the film.
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Examples of Diegetic Sound:
• Voices of characters
• Sounds made by objects in the story
• Music represented as coming from instruments in the story
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Diegetic Sound Can Be:
• on screen or off screen
• external diegetic: heard by everyone in the world of the film
• internal diegetic: heard by only one character (often as a way of of revealing character’s interior life)
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Non-Diegetic Sound
• Narrator’s commentary
• Sound effects created for dramatic impact
• Music that doesn’t come from inside the story (a score that sets mood)
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Speech Can Be:
• External dialogue
• Interior monologue (diegetic voiceover)
• Non-diegetic voiceover – the voice of a storyteller from outside the world of the story (more common in documentaries)
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Music Can Be:
• Source music (diegetic)
• Score music (non-diegetic)
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Noise Can Be:
• Ambience (room tone)
• Hard sound effects – footsteps, door slams
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Where do soundtrack elements come from?
• Production sound, or location sound, which may include sound recorded in sync with an image (direct sound) or sound recorded without a corresponding image, called wild track or wild sound, such as room tone (ambience).
• Post-production sound, including music scoring, library effects, foley and ADR (automated dialog replacement, also called looping)
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Dialog 1
Dialog 2
Voice Over 1Voice Over 2/SFX 1
SFX 1
AmbienceSound Elements are split out onto separate tracks for editing and mixing
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Interactive Feature from V&V website
http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/97802408115812e/resources.asp
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Mono vs. Stereo Source Clips
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Steps in Sound Editing & Mixing
Edit Dialog - (show ron alford to re-emphasize how much you cut up dialog)Add music and effectsFill in backgrounds - no sound “holes”Set levels (https://library.creativecow.net/devis_andrew/audio-editing-basics/1)Add transitions Output - stereo, mono, surround
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Where to get sound effects
• Production• Sound Effects Libraries
Example: www.sounddogs.com• Foley
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpdNPsUnDqU
• ADR (Automatic Dialogue Replacement)http://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/adr-automated-dialogue-replacement-tips-and-tricks/(start at 5:48)
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Common Music Pitfalls
1. Use music only where it is necessary. Avoid “wall-to-wall” music.
2. Don't try to evoke an emotion that isn’t already there. Support what is
in the dialogue or scene..
3. Too loud!
4. Lyrics tend to fight with dialogue for attention.