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HCL@LDOJ_DOZ
Hcl`ldojudos ;Jbo`cjid suhstiejos wbcjb alr` tbo hiscs la dcao iem iro rospleschdo alr grlwtb, `icetoeiejo
iem tboe idhcdcty tl roprlmujo oq. jirhlbymrito, prltoces aits, oezy`os, eujdocj ijcms, blr`leos, I] , Qcti`oes
otj.
Jirhlbymritos (Bymritos la J ); ]boy iro moaceom is lptcjiddy ijtcvo pldybymrlxy idmobymos lr pldybymrlxy
fotleos lr suhstiejos wbcjb gcvo tboso le bymrldyscs tbo ritcl la B iem L cs si`o is cs witor tboy iro roprosoetom
hy goeorid alr`udi Jx(B
8L)
y.
oq. J1B
98L
1lr J
1(B
8L)
1x 0 y 0 1
J98
B88
L99
lr J98
(B8L)
99x y
Xbi`elso J1B
98L
? iem Molxyrohlso (J
?B
9>L
=) iro jirhlbymrito hy jbo`cjid hobivclur `ldo hy alr`udi
(Jx(B
8L)
y.
* JB:JLLB (B
8L) iem (JB
8L) iem JB
:JLLB (J
8(B
8L)
8) iro elt jirhlbymritos hut iro roprosoetom hy goeorid
alr`udi (Jx(B
8L)
y).
Jdisscacjitcle la jirhlbymritos lr (Ziljbirrcmos).
(Zifjbiroe `oies sugir) ; Hiso hoblvclur tlwirms bymrldyscs.
]S^OZ LA JIXHLBSMXI]OZ
9. @lelsljjbirrmos ;Zc`pdost jirhlbymritos wbcjb jieelt bymrldysom tl s`iddor `ldojudos alr`udi (JBL)e, e
0 : tl 7
Gdujlso, Arujtlso (Boxlso)
Xchlso, Molxyrchlso (^oetlso)
8. Ldcglsijjbircmos; (Groof ; Ldcgl `oies aow) Jirhlbymritos wbcjb le bymrldyscs gcvo 8 9> `ldojudos la
`lelsijjbiemos. ]boy iro aurtbor jdisscacom is
Mcsijjbircmos Zujrlso, @idtlso, Dijrlso, ]rcsijjbircmos Xiaaclso,
]otrisojjbircmos Ztijbyrlso.Bymrldyscs
Zujrlso + B8L Gdujlso + Arujtlso
@idtlso + B8L Gdujlso + Gdujlso
Dijtlso + B8L Gdujlso + Gidijtlso
Xiaacelso + B8L Gdujlso + arujtlso + Gidijtlso
J9:
B:8
L91
Ztimeyrlso + B8L Gdujlso + Arjtlso + 8 Gidijtlso
J8=
B=8
L89
Mcsijjbircmos Jirhlbymritos wbcjb uple bymrldyscs gcvo 8 `ldojudos la si`o lr mcaaoroet `lelsijjbircmosiro jiddom mcsijjbircmos.
:. ^ldysijjbircmos; Jirhlbymritos wbcjb gcvo dirgo el. la `lelsijjbicrmos le bymrldyscs iro jiddom
pldysijbbircmos.
oq. Ztirjb, Joddudlso ,Gdyjlgoe
Goeorid alr`udi ; (J1B
9>L
?)
ewboro e 0 9>> :>>>.
Zugirs iem EleZugirs
Idd tbo `lelsijjbircmos iem ldcglsijjbircmos iro jrystiddceos sldcms, slduhdo ce witor iem swoot ce tisto. ]boso
iro jlddojtcvody jiddom Zugirs
]bo pldysijjbircmos iro i`lrpblus sldcms, ceslduhdo ce witor iem tistodoss iem tbus iro jiddomele-sugirs.
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Xomujceg iem ele romujceg sugirs lr jirhlbymrotos.
]blso jirhlbymritos wbcjb jletice idmobymcj lr fotlecj grlup ce tbo bo`cijtid lr bo`cfotid alr` iem romujo
]lddoes roigoet lr Aobdceg sldutcle iro jiddom Xomujceg sugirs, Wbcdo ltbors wbcjb ml elt romujo tboso roigoets
iro jiddom ele-romujceg sugirs (jirhlbymritos).
Idd lelsijjbircmos wbotbor idmlsos lr Fotlsos iro romujceg sugirs oq. Gdujlso Arujtlso.
Mcsijjbircmos sujb is sujrlso ce wbcjb tbo twl `lelsijjbircmos uects (G iem A) iro dcfom tbrlugb tbocr romujceg
joetos c.o. idmobymo lr fotlecj grlups iro ele romujceg. Idd pldysijjbircmos (Ztirjb, joddudlso) gdyjlgoe moxtrces
otj.) iro ele romujceg jirhlbymritos.
@LELZIJJBIXCMOZ IXO JDIZZCACOM IZ
9. Idmlsos ; @lelsijjbircmos jleticeceg ie JBL grlup iro jiddom Idmlsos JBL grlup cs prosoet it J9.
8. Fotleos ;@lelsijjbircmos jleticeceg i fotl ( J
L
) Grlup iro jiddom fotlsos.
Zcejo fotl grlup cs mcvidoet, ct jie ho prosoet ieywboro idleg tbo 'j' jbice blwovor ce idd tbo eituriddy ljjurrceg
fotleos, fotlgrlup cs idwiys prosoet it i 'J' itl` eoxt tl ]or`ceid J c.o., it J8.
Gdujlso (lr Moxtrlso) J1B
98L
1.
Gdujlso ljjurs ce aroo is wodd is jlehceom stito. Ct ljjurs ce dirgo (8>%) quietctcos ce rcpo gripos, tbit cs wbyct cs jiddom gripo sugir. Ct idsl ljjurs ce bleoy iem swoot aructs (@ieglos, ippdos, ^oijbos, ^oirs otj.). Ce
jl`hceom stito, ct ljjurs ce gdyjlscmos, mcsijjbircmos iem pldysijjbircmos Gdujlso cs `lst ihuemiet jl`pluem
le oirtb
^XO^IXI]CLE LA GD_JLZO.
(C) Arl` Jieo sugir; (Zujrlso) ;
Wboe sujrlso cs bymrldysom hy hlcdceg wctb mcd BJd lr mcd B8ZL
=ce idjlbldcj sldutcle
J98
B88
L99
+ B8L
+B J
1B
98L
1+ J
1B
98L
1
Zujrlso Gdujlso Arijtlso
(CC) Arl` Ztirjb ;
Jl``orjciddy Gdujlso cs lhticeom hy bymrldyscs la stirjb hy hlcdceg ct wctb mcd B8ZL
=it :3: F uemor prosoet
(J1B
9>L
?)
e+ eB
8L B
+
:3:F, 8-: it`eJ
1B
98L
1
Ztirjb Jdujlso
GD_JLZO (L^OE JBICE Z]X_J]_XO HS HIOSOX)
JBL Leo idmobymo grlup
|
JB(LB)= Alur 8 idjlbldcj grlup
|
JB8LB Leo 9 Idjlbldcj grlup
Ihlvo strujturo isscgeom le alddlwceg hisos `ldojudir alr`udi ; J1B
98L
1.
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JBL
JBLB
JB LB8
JB (JB ) JB: 8 = :e-boxieo
JE
JBLB
(JBLB)=
JB LB8
B + Xom ,8Xomujtcle
BJE
EB LB8
Hrl`ceo-witor
@cdm lxcmitcle
BEL:
Xoijtcle
JB JL:
JB JL:
L
JB0ELB
JB(LB)=
JB LB8
JLLB
(JBLB)=
JLLB
JBL
(JBLJJB ) + JB JLLB: = :
JB LJJB8 :
JLLB
(JBLB)=
JB LB8
L
L
Gdujlso cs jlrrojtdy ei`om is M(+) -gdujlso.
B LB
JBL
JB LB8
B
BL
LB
B
JBL
JB LB8
B LB
B LB
M(+)Gdyjoridmobymo M(+)Gdujlso
Jyjdcj Ztrujturo la Gdujlso
]bo strujturo la gdujlso oxpdiceom `lst la cts prlportcos hut tbo alddlwceg roijtcles iem aijts jludm elt ho
oxpdiceom hy tbcs strujturo.
9. Mospcto bivceg tbo idmobymo grlup, gdujlso mlos elt gcvo 8,=-ME^ tost, Zjbcaas tost iem ct mlos elt alr`
tbo bymrlgoesudpbcto immctcle prlmujt wctb EiBZL:.
8. ]bo poetiijotito la gdujlso mlos elt roijt wctb bymrlxydi`ceo cemcjitceg tbo ihsoejo la arooJBL grlup.
:. Gdujlso cs aluem tl oxcst ce twl mcaaoroet jrystiddceo alr`s wbcjb iro ei`om is iiem h.]bo i -alr` la
gdujlso (`.p. =93 F) cs lhticeom hy jrystiddcsitcle arl` jlejoetritom sldutcle la gdujlso it :>: F wbcdo tbo h-
alr` (`.p. =8: F) cs lhticeom hy jrystiddcsitcle arl` blt iem situritom iquolus sldutcle it :79 F .
]bcs hobivclr jludm elt ho oxpdiceom hy tbo lpoe jbice strujturo (C) alr gdujlso. Ct wis aluem tbit gdujlso
alr`s i scx-`o`horom rceg ce wbcjb LB it J-? cs cevldvom ce rceg alr`itcle. ]bcs oxpdices tbo ihsoejo la
JBL grlup iem idsl oxcstoejo la gdujlso ce twl alr`s is sblwe hodlw. ]boso twl jyjdcj alr`s oxcst ce
oqucdchrcu` wctb lpoe jbice strujturo.
B B B
B B BL
BL BL BL
LB LB LB
LB B
B B B
JB LB8
JB LB8
JB LB8
B B BLB LB
LB
LB
B B B
J J J
L L
1 1 1
? ? ?
= = =
: : :
8 8 8
9 9 9
L
iM(+)Gdujlso h M (+) Gdujlso
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]bo twl jyjdcj bo`cijotid alr`s la gdujlso mcaaor ledy ce tbo jleacguritcle la tbo bymrlxyd grlup it J9, jiddom
iel`orcj jirhle (tbo idmobymo jirhle hoalro jyjdcsitcle). Zujb csl`ors, c.o., ialr` iem halr`. iro jiddom
iel`ors. ]bo scx `o`horom jyjdcj strujturo la gdujlso cs jiddom pyrielso strujturo (ilr h), ce ieidlgy
wctb pyrie.
L B
BLB
JB LB8
B
LBB
LB
LBBL
L
=
: 8
9
?
1
LB
BLB
JB LB8
B
LBB
LB
BBL
L
=
: 8
9
?
1
^yrie iM(+)Gdujlpyrielso
hM(+)Gdujlyrielso
CC Arujtlso
Arujtlso cs ie c`plrtiet motlboxlso.
Ztrujturo la Arujtlso
Arujtlso idsl bis tbo `ldojudir alr`udi J1B
98L
1is i diovl rltitolry jl`pluem.
BL B
JB LB8
B LB
LBB
J 0 L
JB LB8
M () Arujtlso
Ct idsl oxcsts ce twl jyjdcj alr`s wbcjb iro lhticeom hy tbo immctcle la LB it J? tl tbo ( J L) grlup. ]bo
rceg, tbus alr`om cs i acvo `o`horom rceg iem cs ei`om is aurielso wctb ieidlgy tl tbo jl`pluem aurie.
L BLB J8 BL
BL BL
LB JBLB8
B B
JB LB8 JB LB8
B BLB LB
B B
L L
1 1
? ?
= =
: :
8 89 9J J
Aurie
M()Arujtlaurielso M()Arujtlaurielso
LBJB LB8
LBLB BB
BLB J8BLB J8
BB LBLB
JB LB8LB BB
??
== ::
88
LL 11
9
9
M()ArujtlaurielsoM()Arujtlaurielso
I dcefigo hotwooe twl `lelsijjbircmo uects tbrlugb lxygoe itl` cs jiddom gdyjlscmcj dcefigo.
(c) Zujrlso;
J98
B88
L99
+ B8 J
1B
98L
1 + J
1B
98L
1
Zujrlso m-(+)-Gdujlso M-()-Arujtlso
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]boso twl `lelsijjbircmos iro bodm tlgotbor hy i gdyjlscmcj dcefigo hotwooe J9 la i-gdujlso iem J8 la h-
arujtlso. Zcejo tbo romujceg grlups la gdujlso iem arujtlso iro cevldvom ce gdyjlscmcj hlem alr`itcle, sujrlso
cs i ele romujceg sugir.
B
BLB
JB LB8
B
LBB
LB
BL
L
=
: 8
9
?
1
LB
LBB
BLB J8
BLB
JB LB8
8
: =
?
L9
1
MArujtlsoMArujtlso
L
Gdyjlscmcjdcefigo
Zujrlso
(cc) @idtlso;
Mcsijjbircmo, idtlso cs jl`plsom la twl i-M-gdujlso uects ce wbcjb J9 la leo gdujlso (C) cs dcefom tl J= la
ieltbor gdujlso uect (CC). ]bo aroo idmobymo grlup jie ho prlmujom it J9 la sojlem gdujlso ce sldutcle iem ct
sblws romujceg prlportcos sl ct cs i romujceg sugir.
B
BLB
JB LB8
B
LBB
LB
BL
L
=
: 8
9
?
1
MGdujlso
BLB
JB LB8
B B
LBB
LB
LB
L
=
: 8
9
?
1
MGdujlso
(CC)(C)
L
Gdyjlscmcjdcefigo
@idtlso
(ccc) Dijtlso ;
Jl``ledy felwe is `cdf sugir scejo tbcs mcsijjbircmo cs aluem ce `cdf. Ct cs jl`plsom la h-M-gidijtlso iem
h-M-gdujlso. ]bo dcefigo cs hotwooe J9 la gidijtlso iem J= la gdujlso. Boejo ct cs idsl i romujceg sugir.
BBLB
JB LB8
B
LBB
LB
BL
L
=
: 8
9
?
1
MGdujlso
BLB
JB LB8
B B
LBB
LB
LB
L
=
: 8
9
?
1
MGdujlso
(CC)(C)
L
^ldysijjbircmos
^ldysijjbircmos jletice i dirgo eu`hor la `lelsijjbircmo uects klceom tlgotbor hy gdyjlscmcj dcefigos. ]boy
`icedy ijt is tbo allm stlrigo lr strujturid `itorcids.
(c) Ztirjb; Ztirjb cs tbo `ice stlrigo pldysijjbircmo la pdiets. Ct cs tbo `lst c`plrtiet mcotiry slurjo alr
bu`ie hocegs. Bcgb jletoet la stirjb cs aluem ce joroids, rllts, tuhors iem sl`o vogotihdos. Ct cs i pldy or laigdujlso iem jlescsts la twl jl`pleoetsI`ydlso iem I`ydlpojtce. I`ydlso cs witor slduhdo jl`pleoet
wbcjb jlestctutos ihlut 9?-8>% la stirjb. Jbo`cjiddy i`ydlso cs i dleg uehriejbom jbice wctb 8>> - 9>>> i-
M-(+)-gdujlso uects bodm hy J 9 J = gdyjlscmcj dcefigo.
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I`ydlpojtce cs ceslduhdo ce witor iem jlestctutos ihlut 2> - 2?% la stirjb. Ct cs i hriejbom jbice pldy`or la i
-M- gdujlso uects ce wbcjb jbice cs alr`om hy J 9 J = gdyjlscmcj dcefigo wborois hriejbceg ljjurs hy J 9
J 1 gdyjlscmcj dcefigo.
(cc) Joddudlso; Joddudlso ljjurs oxjduscvody ce pdiets iem ct cs tbo `lst ihuemiet lrgiecj suhstiejo ce pdiet
fcegml`. Ct cs i proml`ceiet jlestctuoet la jodd widd la pdiet jodds. Joddudlso cs i stricgbt jbice pldysijjbircmo
jl`plsom ledy h-gdujlso uects wbcjb iro klceom hy gdyjlscmcj dcefigo hotwooe J 9 la leo gdujlso uect iem J
= la tbo eoxt gdujlso uect.
(ccc) Gdyjlgoe;]bo jirhlbymritos iro stlrom ce iec`id hlmy is gdyjlgoe. Ct cs idsl felwe is iec`id stirjb
hojiuso cts strujturo cs sc cdir tl i`ydlpojtce iem cs ritbor `lro bcgbdy hriejbom. Ct cs prosoet ce dcvor, usjdos
iem hrice. Wboe tbo hlmy eooms gdujlso, oezy`os hroif tbo gdyjlgoe mlwe tl gdujlso. Gdyjlgoe cs idsl aluem
ce yoist iem auegc.
Jirhlbymritos iro aluem ce hclsysto` ce jl`hceitcle wctb `iey prltoces iem dcqcms.
^XL]OCEZ iro pldy`ors la -i`cel ijcms.
I`cel Ijcms
I`cel ijcms jletice i`cel (EB8) iem jirhlxyd (JLLB) auejtcleid grlups. Mopoemceg uple tbo roditcvo
plsctcle la i cel grlup wctb rospojt tl jirhlxyd grlup, tbo i`cel ijcms jie ho jdisscacom is i, h, g, m, iem sl
le. Ledy i-i`cel ijcms iro lhticeom le bymrldyscs la prltoces.
X JB JLLB
EB8
-i cel ijcm(X0 scmo jbice)
]ihdo ; Eiturid I`cel Ijcms
B E8 B
JLLB
X
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9. Gdyjceo
8. Idieceo
:. Qidceo*
=. Doujceo*
?. Csldoujceo*
1. Irgceceo*
7. Dysceo*
2. Gduti`cj ijcm
3. Ispirtcj ijcm
9>. Gduti`ceo
99. Ispirigceo
98. ]broleceo*
9:. Zorceo
9=. Jystoceo
9?. @otbcleceo*
B
JB:(B J) JB: 8
(B J) JB-JB -: 8 8
B E(JB ) -8 8 =-
BLLJ-JB -JB -8 8BLLJ - JB -8
B J-JBLB-:BL-JB -8BZ-JB -8
B J-Z-JB -JB -: 8 8
Gdy
Idi
Qid
Dou
Bo
Irg
Dys
Gdu
Isp
Gce
Ise
]br
Zor
Jys
@ot
G
I
Q
D
C
X
F
O
M
Y
E
]
Z
J
@
BE0J-EB-VJB P -8 :
EB8
B E-J-JB -JB -8 8 8
L
B E-J-JB -8 8
L
91. ^boeydidieceo*
97. ]yrlsceo
92. ]ryptlpbie*
93. Bcstcmceo*
8>. ^rldceo
J B -JB -1 ? 8(p)BL-J B -JB -1 8=
^bo
]yr
]rp
Bcs
^rl
A
S
W
B
^
JB8
EB
EB
B J8
E
JLLBi
B
JB8
BE
* ossoetcid i`cel ijcm, i 0 oetcro strujturo
Jdisscacjitcle la I`cel Ijcms
I`cel ijcms iro jdisscacom is ijcmcj, hiscj lr eoutrid mopoemceg uple tbo roditcvo eu`hor la i`cel ijcm jirhlxyd
grlups ce tbocr `ldojudo. Oquid eu`hor la i`cel iem jirhlxyd grlups `ifos ct eoutrid6 `lro eu`hor la i`cel
tbie jirhlxyd grlups `ifos ct hiscj iem `lro jirhlxyd grlups is jl`pirom tl i`cel grlups `ifos ct ijcmcj.
]bo i`cel ijcms, wbcjb jie ho syetboscsom ce tbo hlmy, iro felwe is ele-ossoetcid i`cel ijcms. Le tbo ltbor
biem, tblso wbcjb jieelt ho syetboscsom ce tbo hlmy iem `ust ho lhticeom tbrlugb mcot, iro felwe is ossoetcid
i`cel ijcms.
I`cel ijcms iro usuiddy jldlurdoss, jrystiddceo sldcms. ]boso iro witor-slduhdo, bcgb `odtceg sldcms iem hobivo
dcfo sidts ritbor tbie sc`pdo i`ceos lr jirhlxydcj ijcms. ]bcs hobivclr cs muo tl tbo prosoejo la hltb ijcmcj
(jirhlxyd grlup) iem hiscj (i`cel grlup) grlups ce tbo si`o `ldojudo. Ce iquolus sldutcle, tbo jirhlxyd
grlup jie dlso i prltle iem i`cel grlup jie ijjopt i prltle, gcvceg rcso tl i mcpldir cle felwe is zwcttor cle.
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]bo oezy`os wbcjb jitidyso tbo lxcmitcle la leo suhstrito wctb sc`udtieolus romujtcle la ieltbor suhstrito
iro ei`om is lxcmlromujtisooezy`ors. ]bo oemceg la tbo ei`o la ie oezy`o cs iso.
Qcti`ces
Lrgiecj jl`pluems roqucrom ce tbo mcot ce s`idd i`luets tl poralr` spojcacj hcldlgcjid auejtcles alr elr`id
`icetoeiejo la lpltc`u` grlwtb iem boidtb la tbo lrgiecs`. Qcti`ces iro moscgeitom hy idpbihots I, H, J, M,
otj. Zl`o la tbo` iro aurtbor ei`om is suh-grlups o.g. H9, H8, H1, H98, otj. Oxjoss la vcti`ces cs idsl bir`aud.Jdisscacjitcle la Qcti`ces
(c) Ait slduhdo vcti`ces; Qcti`ces wbcjb iro slduhdo ce ait iem lcds hut ceslduhdo ce witor iro fopt ce tbo grlup.
]boso iro vcti`ces I, M, O iem F. ]boy iro stlrom ce dcvor iem imcplso (ait stlrceg) tcssuos.
(cc) Witor slduhdo vcti`ces; Witor slduhdo vcti`ces ust ho suppdcom rogudirdy ce mcot hojiuso tboy iro roimcdy
oxjrotom ce urceo iem jieelt ho stlrom (oxjopt vcti`ce H98
) ce lur hlmy. og. - vcti`ces
H & J .
]ihdo ; Zl`o c`plrtiet Qcti`ces, tbocr Zlurjos iem tbocr Moacjcoejy Mcsoisos
Z9/
El.Ei`o la Qcti`ces Zlurjos Moacjcoejy mcsoisos
9 Qcti`ce IAcsb dcvor lcd, jirrlts, huttor
iem `cdf
Rorlpbtbid`ci (birmoeceg
la jlreoi la oyo)
Ecgbt hdcemeoss
8 Qcti`ce H9 (]bci`ceo)Soist, cdf, grooe vogot ihdos
iem jo roids
Horc horc (dlss la ippotcto,
rotirmom grlwtb)
: Qcti`ce H8 (Xchladivce) @cdf, oggwbcto, dcvor, fcmeoy
Jbocdlscs (acssurceg it
jl reors la `lutb iem
dcps), mcgost cvo mcslrmors
iem hureceg soesitcle la
tbo sfce.
= Qcti`ce H1 (^yrcmlxceo)Soist, cdf, ogg yldf, j oroids
iem gri`sJlevudscles
? Qcti`ce H9 8 @oit, acsb, ogg iem jurm^orecj clus ieio`ci (XHJ
moacjcoet ce bio`lgdlhce)
1 Qcti`ce J (Isj rlhcj ij cJctrus aructs, i`di iem grooe
doiay vogotihdosZj urvy (hdoomceg gu s)
7 Qcti`ce MOxplsuro tl suedcgbt, acsb iem
ogg yl df
Xcjfots (hleo moalr`ctcos
ce jbcdmroe) iem
lstol`idijci (slat hleos
iem klcet pice ce imudts )
2 Qcti`ce OQogotihdo lcds dcfo wboit gor`
lcd, sueadlwor lcd, otj ,
Cejroisom arigcdcty l a XHJs
iem `usjudir woifeoss
3 Qcti`ce F Grooe doiay vogotihdosCejroisom hdllm jdlttceg
tc`o
E_JDOCJ IJCMZ iro tbo pldy ors la eujdoltcmos wbcjb ce ture jlescst la i hiso, i poetlso sugir iem pblspbito
`lcoty. Eujdocj ijcms iro rospoleschdo alr tbo triesaor la jbirijtors arl` piroets tl laasprcegs. ]boro iro twl
typos la eujdocj ijcms MEI iem XEI. MEI jletices i acvo jirhle sugir `ldojudo jiddom 8-molxyrchlso
wborois XEI jletices rchlso. Hltb MEI iem XEI jletice imoeceo, guieceo iem jytlsceo. ]bo alurtb hiso cs
tby`ceo ce MEI iem urijcd ce XEI. ]bo strujturo la MEI cs i mluhdo striem wborois XEI cs i scegdo striem
`ldojudo. MEI cs tbo jbo`cjid hiscs la boromcty iem bivo tbo jlmom `ossigo alr prltoces tl ho syetboscsom ce
tbo jodd. ]boro iro tbroo typos la XEI `XEI, rXEI iem tXEI wbcjb ijtuiddy jirry lut tbo prltoce syetboscs
ce tbo jodd.
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Ztrujturo la Eujdocj Ijcms
I uect alr`om hy tbo ittijb`oet la i hiso tl '9' plsctcle la sugir cs felwe is eujdolscmo. Ce eujdolscmos, tbo
sugir jirhles iro eu`horom is 9', 8', :', otj. ce lrmor tl mcstcegucsb tboso arl` tbo hisos . Wboe eujdolscmo ce
dcefom tl pblspblrcj ijcm it ?'-plsctcle la sugir `lcoty, wo got i eujdoltcmo.
-L ^ L
L
L
Z_GIX
HIZO
LB
LZ_GIX
Z_GIX Z_GIX
HIZO
HIZO HIZO
-L ^ L JB8
-L ^ L JB8 -L ^ L JB 8
L
L L
L
L L
LB
LB
L
L L
|JB8
:' oem la jbice
?'
:'
?'
?' oem la jbice
^blspblmcostordcefigo
Eujdoltcmos iro klceom tlgotbor hy pblspblmcostor dcefigo hotwooe ?' iem :' jirhle itl s la tbo poetlso sugir.
]bo alr`itcle la i typcjid mceujdoltcmo. ]bo soquoejo la eujdoltcmos ce tbo jbice la i euodocj ijcm cs jidom cts
prc`iry strujturo. Eujdocj ijcms bivo i sojlemiry strujturo idsl. Ki`os Witsle iem ariejcs Jrcjf givo i mluhdostriem bodcx strujturo la MEI . ]wl eujdocj ijcm jbices iro wluem ihlut oijb ltbor iem bodm tlgotbor hy
bymrlgoe hlems hotwooe picrs la hisos. ]bo twl striems iro jl`pdo oetiry tl oijb ltbor hojiuso tbo bymrlgoe
hlems iro alr`om hotwooe spojcacj picrs la hisos. Imoeceo alr`s bymrlgoe hlems wctb tby ceo wborois jytlsceo
alr`s bymrlgoe hlems wctb guieceo.
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ZLDQOM ^[email protected] ]bo `odtceg plcets iem slduhcdcty ce witor la i cel ijcms iro goeoriddy bcgbor tbie tbit la tbo
jlrrosplemceg bldl ijcms. Oxpdice.
Zld. I`cel ijcm `ldojudos iro mcpldir ([wcttor cle) iem sl bivo strleg cetor`ldojudir odojtrlstitcj alrjos
hotwooe tbo . ]bcs `ifos tbocr odtceg plcets iem slduhcdcty ce witor bcgbor tbie jlrrosplemceg bidl ijcms
hojiuso ce bidl ijcms tboro cs ledy bymrlgoe hlemceg hotwooe tbocr `ldojudos.
Y.8 Wboro mlos tbo witor prosoet ce tbo ogg gl iator hlcdceg tbo ogg