Download - 1.Trends in Information System
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Trends in Information system
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TheExpandingRoleofISinBusinessand
Managem
ent
Data Processing: 1950s-1960sElectronic Data Processing Systems: TransactionProcessing, record-keeping, and traditional accounting
applications
Management Reporting: 1960s-1970sManagement Information Systems: Management reports ofprespecified information to support decision making
Decision Support: 1970s-1980sDecision Support System: Interactive ad hoc support ofthe managerial
decision- making process.
Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990sEnd User Computing Systems: Direct computing supportfor end user productivity and work group collaborationExecutive Information Systems: Critical Information fortop management.
Expert Systems: Knowledgebased expert advice for endusers.Strategic Information System: Strategic products andservices for competitive advantage
Electronic Business and Commerce: 1990s-2000sInternet-based e-business and e-commerce systems: Web-enabled enterprise and global e-business operations ande-commerce on the internets, intranets, extranets and
other networks.
TheExpand
ingParticipationofEndusers
a
ndManagers
inIS
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Enterprise Collaboration System:
This involves the use of software tools to
support communication, coordination andcollaboration among the members ofnetworked teams and workgroups.
Such a system is implemented with thehelp of Internets, Intranets, Extranets andother networks.
Example: Employees and externalconsultants may form a virtual team thatuses a corporate intranet and internet for
e-mail, videoconferencing, etc
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E-Commerce:
The buying and selling, marketing and servicing ofproducts, services and information over a variety of
computer networks.Many businesses now use the Internet, Intranet,
Extranets and other networks to support every stepof the commercial process.
This includes everything from advertising, sales andcustomer support on the World Wide Web, toInternet security and payment mechanisms thatensure completion of delivery of payment process.
Example: E-Commerce systems include Internetwebsites for online sales, extranet access ofinventory databases by large customers, and the useof corporate intranets by sales reps to accesscustomer records for Customer Relationship
Management.
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The primary information technologyinfrastructure that supports the e-business
applications of many companies are:1. Internets.
2. Intranets.
3. Extranets.
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The companies rely on e-businessapplications to:
1. Reengineer internal businessprocesses.
2. Implement E-Commerce systems with
their customers and suppliers.
3. Promote enterprise collaborationamong business teams and work
groups.
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INFORMATIONSYSTEMS
OPERATIONSSUPPORTSYSTEM
MANAGEMENTSUPPORT SYSTEM
TRANSACTIONPROCESSING
SYSTEM
PROCESSCONTROLSYSTEM
ENTERPRISECOLLABORATION
SYSTEM
MANAGEMENTINFORMATION
SYSTEM
DECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEM
EXECUTIVEINFORMATION
SYSTEM
SupportsBusinessOperations
SupportsManagerialDecisionMaking
ProcessingBusinessTransaction
s
Control ofIndustrialProcesses
Team andWorkgroupCollaboration
Prespecified ReportingforManagers
InteractiveDecisionSupport
Informationtailored forExecutives
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I. Operations Support System
The role of Operations Support System are
as followsa. To efficiently process business
transactions.
b. To control industrial processes.c. To support enterprise communication
and collaboration.
d. To update corporate database.
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1. Transaction Processing Systems
These are the importantexamples of OSS.
The main duty of TPS is to
record and process dataresulting from businesstransactions.
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TPS process transactions in two basicways:-
a. Batch Processing- Transactions dataare accumulated over a period of timeand are processed periodically.
b. Real-Time (On-Line) Processing- Dataare processed immediately after atransaction occurs (Example Point-Of-Sale Systems)
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2. Process Control Systems
These systems monitor and control
physical processes in a firm.Example: A petroleum refinery uses
electronic sensors linked to computers
to continually monitor chemicalprocesses and make instant (real-time)
adjustments that control the refinery
process.
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3. Enterprise Collaboration System
These systems enhance team and workgroup
communications and productivity.These systems also include applications
called office automation systems.
Example: Knowledge workers in project teammay use e- mail to send and receiveelectronic messages, and videoconferencing
to hold electronic meetings to coordinate theiractivities.
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II. Management Support System.
These systems focus on providing
information and support for effectivedecision making by managers.
Providing information and support for
decision making by all types of managersand business professionals is a complextask.
This task is accomplished by the followingISs.
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1. Management Information System
MISs provide information in the form of
reports and displays to managers and manybusiness professionals.
Example: Sales mangers may use their
networked computers and web browsers toget instantaneous displays about the salesresults of their products.
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2. Decision Support System
These systems give direct computer support tomanagers during the decision making process.
Example 1: An advertising manager may use a DSS toperform a what-if analysis.
Example 2: A production manager my use the DSS to
decide how much product to manufacture based on theexpected sales.
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3. Executive Information System
These systems provide critical information from a widevariety of internal and external sources in easy-to-usedisplays to executives and managers.
Example: Top executives may use touch screenterminals to instantly view text and graphic displays that
highlight key areas of organizational and competitiveperformance