1.trends in information system

7/31/2019 1.Trends in Information System

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Trends in Information system


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TheExpandingRoleofISinBusinessand

Managem

ent

Data Processing: 1950s-1960sElectronic Data Processing Systems: TransactionProcessing, record-keeping, and traditional accounting

applications

Management Reporting: 1960s-1970sManagement Information Systems: Management reports ofprespecified information to support decision making

Decision Support: 1970s-1980sDecision Support System: Interactive ad hoc support ofthe managerial

decision- making process.

Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990sEnd User Computing Systems: Direct computing supportfor end user productivity and work group collaborationExecutive Information Systems: Critical Information fortop management.

Expert Systems: Knowledgebased expert advice for endusers.Strategic Information System: Strategic products andservices for competitive advantage

Electronic Business and Commerce: 1990s-2000sInternet-based e-business and e-commerce systems: Web-enabled enterprise and global e-business operations ande-commerce on the internets, intranets, extranets and

other networks.

TheExpand

ingParticipationofEndusers

a

ndManagers

inIS


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Enterprise Collaboration System:

This involves the use of software tools to

support communication, coordination andcollaboration among the members ofnetworked teams and workgroups.

Such a system is implemented with thehelp of Internets, Intranets, Extranets andother networks.

Example: Employees and externalconsultants may form a virtual team thatuses a corporate intranet and internet for

e-mail, videoconferencing, etc


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E-Commerce:

The buying and selling, marketing and servicing ofproducts, services and information over a variety of

computer networks.Many businesses now use the Internet, Intranet,

Extranets and other networks to support every stepof the commercial process.

This includes everything from advertising, sales andcustomer support on the World Wide Web, toInternet security and payment mechanisms thatensure completion of delivery of payment process.

Example: E-Commerce systems include Internetwebsites for online sales, extranet access ofinventory databases by large customers, and the useof corporate intranets by sales reps to accesscustomer records for Customer Relationship

Management.


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The primary information technologyinfrastructure that supports the e-business

applications of many companies are:1. Internets.

2. Intranets.

3. Extranets.


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The companies rely on e-businessapplications to:

1. Reengineer internal businessprocesses.

2. Implement E-Commerce systems with

their customers and suppliers.

3. Promote enterprise collaborationamong business teams and work

groups.


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INFORMATIONSYSTEMS

OPERATIONSSUPPORTSYSTEM

MANAGEMENTSUPPORT SYSTEM

TRANSACTIONPROCESSING

SYSTEM

PROCESSCONTROLSYSTEM

ENTERPRISECOLLABORATION

SYSTEM

MANAGEMENTINFORMATION

SYSTEM

DECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEM

EXECUTIVEINFORMATION

SYSTEM

SupportsBusinessOperations

SupportsManagerialDecisionMaking

ProcessingBusinessTransaction

s

Control ofIndustrialProcesses

Team andWorkgroupCollaboration

Prespecified ReportingforManagers

InteractiveDecisionSupport

Informationtailored forExecutives


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I. Operations Support System

The role of Operations Support System are

as followsa. To efficiently process business

transactions.

b. To control industrial processes.c. To support enterprise communication

and collaboration.

d. To update corporate database.


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1. Transaction Processing Systems

These are the importantexamples of OSS.

The main duty of TPS is to

record and process dataresulting from businesstransactions.


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TPS process transactions in two basicways:-

a. Batch Processing- Transactions dataare accumulated over a period of timeand are processed periodically.

b. Real-Time (On-Line) Processing- Dataare processed immediately after atransaction occurs (Example Point-Of-Sale Systems)


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2. Process Control Systems

These systems monitor and control

physical processes in a firm.Example: A petroleum refinery uses

electronic sensors linked to computers

to continually monitor chemicalprocesses and make instant (real-time)

adjustments that control the refinery

process.


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3. Enterprise Collaboration System

These systems enhance team and workgroup

communications and productivity.These systems also include applications

called office automation systems.

Example: Knowledge workers in project teammay use e- mail to send and receiveelectronic messages, and videoconferencing

to hold electronic meetings to coordinate theiractivities.


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II. Management Support System.

These systems focus on providing

information and support for effectivedecision making by managers.

Providing information and support for

decision making by all types of managersand business professionals is a complextask.

This task is accomplished by the followingISs.


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1. Management Information System

MISs provide information in the form of

reports and displays to managers and manybusiness professionals.

Example: Sales mangers may use their

networked computers and web browsers toget instantaneous displays about the salesresults of their products.


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2. Decision Support System

These systems give direct computer support tomanagers during the decision making process.

Example 1: An advertising manager may use a DSS toperform a what-if analysis.

Example 2: A production manager my use the DSS to

decide how much product to manufacture based on theexpected sales.


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3. Executive Information System

These systems provide critical information from a widevariety of internal and external sources in easy-to-usedisplays to executives and managers.

Example: Top executives may use touch screenterminals to instantly view text and graphic displays that

highlight key areas of organizational and competitiveperformance

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