JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
1 Unclassified
IntegratedDynamic
Command and Control
IDC2
IntegratedDynamic
Command and Control
IDC2
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
2 Unclassified
OutlineOutline• What is IDC2
• Background • Challenges• Need for change• Nature of NEC3
• Development methodology• Questions
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
3 Unclassified
NBDthe Swedish method
for creatingflexible forces
Precisionengagement
Inter-operability
Role-basedsituation awareness
Rapidly adaptableunits
Continuous trainingand exercises
Continuous andrapid development
Decisionsuperiority
Unclassified
2002 2006
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
4 Unclassified
NBD
NBD isn’t THE Concept, it is an enabling concept that can support a Comprehensive Approach and other concepts to achieve mission effectiveness
New conflictsNew actorsNew technologyGlobalisation
Holistic crisis managementJoint & Inter-agency
Effect Based ApproachComprehensive Approach (EU)
Military
Information
Economy
Diplomacy
DesiredEffects
DesiredEffects
Operational command
Platoon command
Rescuecommand
Common informationAd hoc coalitions
NBD
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
5 Unclassified
IntentionEvaluation
CoordinationMonitoring
IDC2 Command & Control modelFunctions in commandand control(What?)
Förstå innebördenUtveckla preliminär
målbildUtveckla
interaktionsplan
Förstå vad som skall åstadkommasUppdragHC Målbild, GFP och BTF
Begäran om tjänstPrognos om
effektuppfyllnadDragna lärdomar
Identifierade möjligheter och begränsningar
Extern styrning, incitament i form av HC uppdrag, begäran om tjänst, differens mot målbild, ändrade förutsättningar
Lägesinformation
Egen styrning, planeringsdirektiv
Informationsbehov
Interaktionsplan
Tidslinjal för uppdrag
Prel Målbild
PlaneringsdirektivIDC2 Method approach Example of formwhen conductingcommand and control(How?)
Purpose
Flexibility Understanding
IDC2 Concept descriptionPurpose andpromising ideas(Why?)
IDC
2 C
om
man
d a
nd
Co
ntr
ol
Co
nce
pt
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
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Need for change
• New strategic environment
• Information and Communication Technology
• Knowledge age society
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
7 Unclassified
The main challenges for the IDC2-concept are to:
• Facilitate increased pre-understanding within the whole organization.
• Using the synergy of the whole organizations collective intellectual capacity,
• Provide decision makers with the comprehensive situational understanding at the right time.
• Synchronize C2 activities, in a way that mini mises time delays within and between command levels.
• Achieve dynamic decision-making by embedded functions to continually search for new ways to succeed, as well as functions to correct discovered flaws.
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
8 Unclassified
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
9 Unclassified
Data
Information
Knowledge
Data Information
Transformation/Interpretation
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
10 Unclassified
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
11 Unclassified
TRADITIONAL C2
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
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Processing withSUB Cdr
Sense makingtogether
Faster Better execution Better situation awareness
COMMON END STATE
INTEGRATED C2
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
13 Unclassified
Communication
Thinkingmodels
Definitions
Thinkingmodels
Definitions
WillWill
Function
InformationActionEmotiveSocial
Noise-Physical-Semantic
-Psychological
Commanders must govern and encourage electronic communication
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
14 Unclassified
Dialogue creates the opportunity for coherent, collective thought instead of fragmentation, because it is a way to step back and consciously notice how we are thinking and feeling.
Dialogue is talking with three special hallmarks:1. Equality. 2. Compassionate listening.3. Readiness to make all underlying assumptions that’s
behind your intentions visible.
[1]William Isaacs, “Dialogen”, 2000, ISBN 91-89388-20-8, p 11.
Dialogue
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
15 Unclassified
The three most important conclusions about integrated C2 are that:
• Integrated planning will lead to a deeper understanding of what is to be accomplished and a mutual commitment to the actions required to reach the goals.
• Integrated C2 (including situation assessment) will lead to mutual understanding and an enhanced collective awareness.
• Integrated assessment including also the lowest hierarchical levels: – will reflect the local situation, – will allow room for attention at higher command levels, and – will constitute always relevant local and subjective assessments
even though they do not represent an absolute truth.
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
16 Unclassified
Non Hierarchic Information Flow
IndividualUnderstanding
Situational picture
Communication
Systemic coherence
Communication is required to
achieve systemiccoherence
Individualunderstanding is
increased bycommunication
A situational picture enables
individualunderstanding
Similar pituresenahances
communicationefficiency
Systemic coherenceconformssituational pictures
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
17 Unclassified
The most important conclusion about “Non Hierarchic Information Flow” is that:
• The ability and permission to make assessments on all hierarchical levels and beyond organisational boundaries could strengthen mission command and reduce organisational vulnerability.
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
18 Unclassified
Dynamic decision making
End State
Actions
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
19 Unclassified
Dynamic Decision Making
Search for new ways to succeed
Correct discovered flaws
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
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• Distributed dynamic decision making allows decision makers to lead in situations that are continuously changing.
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
21 Unclassified
Effects and Systems thinking
Effects
Monitor
Monitor
Evaluate
Evaluate
Plan
Plan
Coordinate
Coordinate
Military action
Military action
Effects
Monitor
Monitor
Evaluate
Evaluate
Plan
Plan
Coordinate
Coordinate
Military action
Military action
Effects
Monitor
Monitor
Evaluate
Evaluate
Plan
Plan
Coordinate
Coordinate
Military action
Military action
Desired effectsUndesired effectsIntended effectsUnintended effects
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
22 Unclassified
Distributed, assembled-on-demands, temporary command unit
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
23 Unclassified
IDC2 Concept
Knowledge Base
Effect perspective
Activity perspective
Monitoring Coordination
Intention/PlanningEvaluation
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
24 Unclassified
Mission
Actions
Effects
Intention(Understanding, Advance
planning, End state)
Evaluation(Effect achieving, Lessons
learned, Suggest improvements)
Coordination(Find opportunities, Support
execution, Mission)
Monitor(Tactical situation picture,
Discrepancies)
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
25 Unclassified
Adapting IDC2 within the armed forces
• In august 2007 the chief of the Swedish army decided that the IDC2 concept is to be adopted by the Swedish army during 2008 and then evaluated.
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
26 Unclassified
New development NEC3
Resilient Information
infrastructure
Common Situational
Picture
CommunicationDialogue
CollectiveMind
(Shared awareness)
Individualunderstanding Trust
Commonactions
Better dynamicdecision making
Better outcome(Common goal)
JCDEC Lt Col Anders Josefsson
27 Unclassified
Questions?Questions?