Wireless Power Transferfor EV
2011 REGIONAL CONFERENCES
ANSYS Japan K K
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.1
ANSYS Japan K.K.
Takahiro Koga
Agenda
1. Electromagnetic tools for Wireless Power Transfer
2. Coupling Simulation:Electromagnetic Electrical CircuitElectromagnetic ‐ Electrical Circuit
3 Application for Wireless Power Supply3. Application for Wireless Power Supply
– Inductive type
– Magnetic resonance typeMagnetic resonance type
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.2
Wireless Power Supply
• Method :
– Electromagnetic Induction
–Magnetic Resonance
– Microwave
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.3
Ref.: Nikkei Electronics Mar. 2007EE Times Japan Oct. 2009, Nov. 2010
Method Map
100%
Induction type(~15W) Induction type(~50kW)
50%
ficiency
Resonance type
Eff
Microwave type
0%
Microwave type
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.4Ref: EE Times Japan 2009.10
1mm 1cm 10cm 1m 10m 100m
Transfer Distance
Electromagnetic tools
Which is the optimal simulation tool ? p
“L F ” “Hi h F ”“Low Freq.” “High Freq.”
HFSSMaxwell© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.5
HFSSMaxwell
Differentiating Features
• Maxwell: Low Frequency Field Simulatord l “ ” d “ l ”– Separated Solver “Magnetic” and “Electric”
– Time Transient and Lumped Circuit: L,R,C
– Linear and Nonlinear Material
– Application: Motor, Transformer/Inductor for power machine, Inductive noise
• HFSS: High Frequency Structure Simulator– Electromagnetic Full Wave Solver
– Distributed Circuit: S,Z,Y
– Linear Material
– Application: Antenna, Transformer/Inductor for signal, Radiation noise
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.6
pp , / g ,
Resonance Type Coupling
1. Self Capacitance
2 External Capacitance2. External Capacitance
Magnetic → R L M
C
C CMagnetic → R, L, M
Maxwell R R
LL
Electrostatic → C
LLM
Use Maxwell parasitic extraction and couple with circuit simulator for resonance
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.7Reference: Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic ResonacesA.Kurs, A.Kralis, R.Moffatt,B.J.Jonnapoulos, P.Fisher, Vo;.317, pp.83‐86, July 2007
with circuit simulator for resonance
Inductive Type Coupling
Principle physics is magnetic coupling
Magnetic → R, L, MC C
MaxwellR R
LLMMaxwell
The resonant circuit is full realized via a lumped capacitance solved using circuit simulator
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.8
capacitance solved using circuit simulator
Resonance Type Coupling
1. Self Capacitance
2 External Capacitance2. External Capacitance
HFSS
Use HFSS’ full wave capability when the resonance occurs by self capacitance
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.9
Reference:Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic ResonacesA.Kurs, A.Kralis, R.Moffatt,B.J.Jonnapoulos, P.Fisher, Vo;.317, pp.83‐86, July 2007
Coupling Simulation Electromagnetic and Circuit
=
R1 R2Cs+WM1
+WM2
R1 R2Cs+WM1
+WM2
=
(1/87) ohm(1/348) ohm
L1
0.19267mH
L2
0.048166mH
M1
0.5668
1.93uF
Cp
5.24uF
Rload
10ohm
W W
E1AMPL=200VFREQ=10kHz
(1/87-0.004) ohm (1/348-0.001) ohm1.87uF
Cp
5.23uF
Rload
10ohm
W W
E1AMPL=200VFREQ=10kHz
Current_1st_1:src
Current_1st_2:src
Current_2nd_1:src
Current_2nd_2:src
Current_1st_1:snk
Current_1st_2:snk
Current_2nd_1:snk
Current_2nd_2:snk
0 00 0
_ _
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.10
Calculation of Coil Resistance
11.5mohm 2.87mohm
Coil• Litz:0.25φ × 384parallel• σ:5.8×107[S/m]
SlR
Sl
σ:5.8 10 [S/m]• Primary:20 turns• Secondary:10 turns x 2parallel
100mm
Primary Coil R1:(2*100*pi*10^‐3)/(58000000*(0.25/2)^2*pi*10^‐6)*(1/384)*20 = 1/87 ohm = 11.5mohm
Coil slot center
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.11
Secondary Coil R2:(2*100*pi*10^‐3)/(58000000*(0.25/2)^2*pi*10^‐6)*(1/384)*10/2 = 1/348 ohm = 2.87mohm
Capacitance Calculation
Cs5.24uF
k
Cp1.93uF
L1 L2
k
f010kHz
L1 = 0.19267mHL2 = 0.048166mH
Cp:
k = 0.5668
2
1C 1/((2*10000*pi)^2*0.0048166) = 5.24*10^‐6 F = 5.24uF
Cs:1 /((2*10000*pi)^2*(1‐0.5668^2)*0.0019267) = 1.93*10^‐6 F = 1.93uF 22
220
11
LkC
LC
s
p
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.12
1 /((2 10000 pi) 2 (1 0.5668 2) 0.0019267) 1.93 10 6 F 1.93uF 10 1 Lk
System Simulation
R1
(1/87-0.004) ohm
R2
(1/348-0.001) ohm
Cs
1.93uF
Cp
5.24uF
Rload
10ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
D4
D3
D2
D1
IGBT4
IGBT3
IGBT2
IGBT1
C1
1000uF
~
3PHAS
~
~
A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)
PHI = 0°
PHI = -120°
PHI = -240°
THREE_PHASE1D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10 Battery- +
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1e-006farad
Current_1st_1:src
Current_1st_2:src
Current_2nd_1:src
Current_2nd_2:src
Current_1st_1:snk
Current_1st_2:snk
Current_2nd_1:snk
Current_2nd_2:snk
R1
(1/87-0.004) ohm
R2
(1/348-0.001) ohm
Cs
1.93uF
Cp
5.24uF
Rload
10ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
D4
D3
D2
D1
IGBT4
IGBT3
IGBT2
IGBT1
C1
1000uF
~
3PHAS
~
~
A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)
PHI = 0°
PHI = -120°
PHI = -240°
THREE_PHASE1D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10 Battery- +
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1e-006farad
Current_1st_1:src
Current_1st_2:src
Current_2nd_1:src
Current_2nd_2:src
Current_1st_1:snk
Current_1st_2:snk
Current_2nd_1:snk
Current_2nd_2:snk
Rload
10ohm
Battery- +
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1e-006farad
0
0
0
TRANS2TRANS1
STATE_11_2STATE_11_1
ICA: FML_INIT1
Modulation_Index:=0Carrier Freq:=10k
Battery
LBATT_A1
20.00
40.00 Curve Info rmsWM1.I
TR 9.4139
WM2.ITR 10.5939
0
0
0
TRANS2TRANS1
STATE_11_2STATE_11_1
ICA: FML_INIT1
Modulation_Index:=0Carrier Freq:=10k
Battery
LBATT_A1
20.00
40.00 Curve Info rmsWM1.I
TR 9.4139
WM2.ITR 10.5939
0
Battery
LBATT_A1
AC200V Rectify InverterWireless Power Transformer Battery
TRANS4
DT4
TRANS3
SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL
DT1SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL
STATE_11_4
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time
STATE_11_3
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=1SET: TSV2:=1SET: TSV1:=0
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT1##Dead_Time
SET: TSV4:=1SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=1
TRIANG1
AMPL=1FREQ=Carrier_Freq
SINE1
AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency
Carrier_Freq:=10kFrequency:=10k
DC_Source:=200Dead_Time:=2u
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
Y1 [A
]
300.00 Curve Info rms
TRANS4
DT4
TRANS3
SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL
DT1SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL
STATE_11_4
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time
STATE_11_3
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=1SET: TSV2:=1SET: TSV1:=0
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT1##Dead_Time
SET: TSV4:=1SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=1
TRIANG1
AMPL=1FREQ=Carrier_Freq
SINE1
AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency
Carrier_Freq:=10kFrequency:=10k
DC_Source:=200Dead_Time:=2u
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
Y1 [A
]
300.00 Curve Info rms
Controller
300 00
-100.00
100.00
Y1 [V
]
WM1.VTR 154.9045
WM2.VTR 120.2425
1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
Y1 [A
]
-200.00
-100.00
0.00
100.00
200.00
Y2 [V
]
-6.0797-1.2036-0.0090
131.1979
-0.51411.340627.9814
156.0455Curve Info Y Axis rms
WM1.ITR Y1 9.3501
WM2.ITR Y1 10.5176
WM1.VTR Y2 153.6594
WM2.VTR Y2 119.4615
300 00
-100.00
100.00
Y1 [V
]
WM1.VTR 154.9045
WM2.VTR 120.2425
1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
Y1 [A
]
-200.00
-100.00
0.00
100.00
200.00
Y2 [V
]
-6.0797-1.2036-0.0090
131.1979
-0.51411.340627.9814
156.0455Curve Info Y Axis rms
WM1.ITR Y1 9.3501
WM2.ITR Y1 10.5176
WM1.VTR Y2 153.6594
WM2.VTR Y2 119.4615
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.13
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-300.00[ ]MX1: 1.9753
MX2: 1.97830.0030 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Time [ms]
-300.00[ ]MX1: 1.9753
MX2: 1.97830.0030
Distinguishing Features for Coupled Simulation
• Integrated design environment• Integrated design environment
– Easy and intuitive user interface
• Dynamically linked parameters between the Circuit d 3D FEA d land 3D FEA model
– Geometry / Material / Gap etc…
Efficient workflow design enablesSimulation Driven Product DevelopmentTM
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.14
p
Application
• ANSYS Products for Wireless Power Supply
100%Inductive type(~15W) Inductive type(~50kW)
cy Resonance type
MaxwellSimplorer
50%
Efficienc Resonance type
HFSS
0%
Microwave typeNEXXIM
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.15
1mm 1cm 10cm 1m 10m 100m
Transfer DistanceRef: EE Times Japan 2009.10
Wireless Power Supply System for EV
• Inductive type
100%Inductive type(~15W) Inductive type(~50kW)
ncy Resonance type
MaxwellSimplorer
50%
Efficien yp
BatteryR ifi /Ch
0%AC
Power CableSecondary CoilSecondary Coil
Rectifier/Charger
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.16
1mm 1cm 10cm 1m 10m 100m
Transfer DistanceRef: EE Times Japan 2009.10
InverterCapacitor
Primary CoilPrimary Coil
Geometry
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.17
Schematic
20kW @ 400V/20kHz
CoreSecondary Coil
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.18
CoilShield Plate Primary Coil
MaterialsCore
• Material : FDK 6H40 (Bs=0.53T, μi=2400)
Coil• Litz wire : 0.25φ × 384 parallel turns• Conductivity : 5.8×107[S/m]• Primary : 10 turns• Secondary : 5 turns
Secondary
90mm330mm
400mm
Primary
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.19 500mm410mm
90mm
Solution Flow Chart
• Maxwell + SimplorerGap
MaxwellMagnetostatic
GapSliding
Magnetostatic
Maxwell
Core, Winding
MaxwellEddy Current Simplorer
AC / TRImpedance Model AC / TRp
Circuit / Drive / Controller designWaveform Efficiency Power
MaxwellEddy Current
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.20
Waveform, Efficiency, Power factor, Response
Eddy CurrentField, Loss
Maxwell / Magnetostatic
• L, M, k : – Self Inductance
M l I d– Mutual Inductance
– Coupling Coefficient
L1 MM L2
M
L1
L2
k=0 54
M L2
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.21
k=0.54
Maxwell / Magnetostatic
Inductance L, MCoupling factor kFi ld
Core Shape/MaterialNumber of turnsCurrent Amp Field
Core saturation
Current Amp.Gap
C li f t k lidi1 003D_Static_sliding_kCoupling - k ANSOFT
1 003D_Static_sliding_kCoupling - k ANSOFT
Coupling factor k – sliding gap
0.80
1.00
Cur
rent
_2)
Curve InfoMatrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)
Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='50mm'
Matrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='100mm'
Matrix1 CplCoef(Current 1 Current 2)
0.80
1.00
Cur
rent
_2)
Curve InfoMatrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)
Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='50mm'
Matrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='100mm'
Matrix1 CplCoef(Current 1 Current 2)
Mag B 0.40
0.60
trix1
.Cpl
Coe
f(Cur
rent
_1,C Matrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)
Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='150mm'
Matrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='200mm'
0.40
0.60
trix1
.Cpl
Coe
f(Cur
rent
_1,C Matrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)
Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='150mm'
Matrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='200mm'
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.22 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00Sliding [mm]
0.00
0.20
Mat
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00Sliding [mm]
0.00
0.20
Mat
Maxwell / Magnetostatic
Verification for core saturation:21LLkM
X: Gap [mm] / Y: Input Current [A] / Z: Mutual inductance [nH]
1.002D_Static_BHMutual Inductance L12 ANSOFT
Matrix1.L(C [nH]
2.8500e+004
3.4200e+004
10002D_StaticMutual Inductance L12 ANSOFT
Matrix1.L(C [nH]
2.8500e+004
3.4200e+004
0.01
0.10
Gap
[met
er]
0.0000e+000
5.7000e+003
1.1400e+004
1.7100e+004
2.2800e+004
10
100
Gap
[mm
]
0.0000e+000
5.7000e+003
1.1400e+004
1.7100e+004
2.2800e+004
Specification Area Specification Area
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00Current [A]
0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
Current [A]
1
Saturation
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.23
Linear Material(Initial permeability)
Nonlinear Material(BH curve)
0 40
0.50
0.60
Maxwell / Magnetostatic
0.20
0.30
0.40
B (t
esla
)
• Verification for core saturation
– Core’s BH curve, Mag_B field plotNonlinear BH curve
0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00H (A_per_meter)
0.00
0.10
, g_ p
– No magnetic saturation
1 002D_Static_BHMutual Inductance L12 ANSOFT
0.10
1.00
er]
Matrix1.L(C [nH]
1 1400e+004
1.7100e+004
2.2800e+004
2.8500e+004
3.4200e+004
Specification Area
~0.4T 0.01
Gap
[met
e
0.0000e+000
5.7000e+003
1.1400e+004
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00Current [A]
0.00
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.24
Maximum point : 0.26T
Maxwell / Eddy Current
• State Space Modeling for Simplorerd d ( ) d l f l– Frequency domain impedance(R,L) model for circuit simulation
• AC Field and Loss (after circuit simulation)AC Field and Loss (after circuit simulation)
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.25
Maxwell / Eddy Current Solver
Core Shape/MaterialAC CharacteristicsInductance L, M
Number of turnsFrequencyGapShield Shape/Material
Coupling factor kFieldCore HysteresisShieldShield Shape/Material Shield
Core(Power Ferrite)
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.26
Shield Plate (Aluminum)No Shielding Shielding
Simplorer with Maxwell State Space Model
AC / Frequency domain TR / Time domain
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.27
Efficiency Map
• Output/Input Power
• Tuned capacitance for each conditions
cosVIP Max.96%
90%[%]100
cos
out
PPVIP
50%
inPiency[%]
20%Effici
Gap Sliding
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.28
Sliding [mm]Gap [mm]
Maxwell – Simplorer System Simulation
R1
7.2mOhm
R2
3.6mOhm
Cs
1.72uF
Cp
4.96uF
Rload
13ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
D4
D3
D2
D1
IGBT4
IGBT3
IGBT2
IGBT1
C1
1000uF
~
3PHAS
~
~
A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)
PHI = 0°
PHI = -120°
PHI = -240°
THREE_PHASE1D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10 B tt- +
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1uF
Current_1:srcCurrent_2:src
Current_1:snkCurrent_2:snk
R1
7.2mOhm
R2
3.6mOhm
Cs
1.72uF
Cp
4.96uF
Rload
13ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
D4
D3
D2
D1
IGBT4
IGBT3
IGBT2
IGBT1
C1
1000uF
~
3PHAS
~
~
A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)
PHI = 0°
PHI = -120°
PHI = -240°
THREE_PHASE1D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10 B tt- +
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1uF
Current_1:srcCurrent_2:src
Current_1:snkCurrent_2:snk
0
0
0
TRANS2TRANS1
STATE_11_2STATE_11_1
ICA: FML_INIT1
D6 D8 D10 Battery
LBATT_A1
200.00
700.00
V]
Curve Info rmsWM1.V
TR 281.0066
WM2.VTR 321.9453
PWRProbe
PWR_Probe1
0
0
0
TRANS2TRANS1
STATE_11_2STATE_11_1
ICA: FML_INIT1
D6 D8 D10 Battery
LBATT_A1
200.00
700.00
V]
Curve Info rmsWM1.V
TR 281.0066
WM2.VTR 321.9453
PWRProbe
PWR_Probe1
AC400V Rectify InverterWireless Power Transformer Battery
TRANS4
DT4
TRANS3
SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL
DT1SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL
STATE_11_4
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0
STATE_11_3
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=1SET: TSV2:=1
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT1##Dead_Time
SET: TSV4:=1SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=1
TRIANG1
AMPL=1
SINE1
AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency
Modulation_Index:=0Carrier_Freq:=20kFrequency:=20k
DC_Source:=400Dead_Time:=2u
2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00Time [ms]
-800.00
-300.00
Y1 [
V
PWRProbe
PWR_Probe2
TRANS4
DT4
TRANS3
SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL
DT1SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL
STATE_11_4
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0
STATE_11_3
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=1SET: TSV2:=1
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT1##Dead_Time
SET: TSV4:=1SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=1
TRIANG1
AMPL=1
SINE1
AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency
Modulation_Index:=0Carrier_Freq:=20kFrequency:=20k
DC_Source:=400Dead_Time:=2u
2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00Time [ms]
-800.00
-300.00
Y1 [
V
PWRProbe
PWR_Probe2
Controller
SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time
SET: TSV2:=1SET: TSV1:=0
FREQ=Carrier_Freq
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
Y1 [
A]
Curve Info rmsWM1.I
TR 41.6165
WM2.ITR 34.8648
125 00
0.00
125.00
250.00
Y1 [A
]
-500 00
0.00
500.00
873.02
Y2 [V
]
-408.7847-315.0105-64.8250
-40.2840-377.1247-319.5653 -53.6971
-0.0037
Curve Info Y Axis rmsWM1.I
TR Y1 38.9542
WM2.ITR Y1 34.1140
WM1.VTR Y2 276.0822
WM2.VTR Y2 316.6292
SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time
SET: TSV2:=1SET: TSV1:=0
FREQ=Carrier_Freq
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
Y1 [A
]
Curve Info rmsWM1.I
TR 41.6165
WM2.ITR 34.8648
125 00
0.00
125.00
250.00
Y1 [A
]
-500 00
0.00
500.00
873.02
Y2 [V
]
-408.7847-315.0105-64.8250
-40.2840-377.1247-319.5653 -53.6971
-0.0037
Curve Info Y Axis rmsWM1.I
TR Y1 38.9542
WM2.ITR Y1 34.1140
WM1.VTR Y2 276.0822
WM2.VTR Y2 316.6292
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.29
2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00Time [ms]
-150.00
-100.00
2.900 2.925 2.950 2.975 3.000Time [ms]
-250.00
-125.00
-1000.00
500.00
MX1: 2.9200MX2: 2.9811
0.0610 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00Time [ms]
-150.00
-100.00
2.900 2.925 2.950 2.975 3.000Time [ms]
-250.00
-125.00
-1000.00
500.00
MX1: 2.9200MX2: 2.9811
0.0610
Simplorer: Design by Circuit Level Simulation
Circuit Driver
AC/TR ResponseWaveformEfficiency
Controller
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.30
Back to Maxwell: Core Hysteresis Loss Using the Current Amplitude and Phase from Simplorerp p
Considering Magnetic Loss tangent
j tan1 j
Primary
Freq [kHz]Core1st_LossSetup1 : LastAdaptivePhase='0deg'
Core2nd_LossSetup1 : LastAdaptivePhase='0deg'
1 20.000000 0.909102 0.313144
3D_EddyCore Loss ANSOFT
C l [ ]
y
Secondary
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.31
Hysteresis Loss Core loss[W]
Back to Maxwell: Shield Surface Loss Using the Current Amplitude and Phase from Simplorer
Key Point:Impedance boundary BCp y
Shield1st_Loss Shield2nd_Loss
3D_EddyShield Loss ANSOFT
Shield1st_Loss Shield2nd_Loss
3D_EddyShield Loss ANSOFT
Freq [kHz] Setup1 : LastAdaptivePhase='0deg'
Setup1 : LastAdaptivePhase='0deg'
1 20.000000 22.938675 37.886583
Freq [kHz] Setup1 : LastAdaptivePhase='0deg'
Setup1 : LastAdaptivePhase='0deg'
1 20.000000 22.938675 37.886583
Shield Loss[W]
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.32
Surface Loss
Primary Secondary
Back to Maxwell: Field Solution Using the Current Amplitude and Phase from Simplorer
1.00
10.002D_EddyXY Plot 1 ANSOFT
Curve InfoMag_B
Setup1 : LastAdaptiveFreq='20kHz' Phase='0deg'
1.00
10.002D_EddyXY Plot 1 ANSOFT
Curve InfoMag_B
Setup1 : LastAdaptiveFreq='20kHz' Phase='0deg'
0.01
0.10
Mag
_B [m
Tesl
a]
q g
0.01
0.10
Mag
_B [m
Tesl
a]
q g
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00Distance [meter]
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00Distance [meter]
0.00
0.00
Magnetic Field Density
Distance
Magnetic Field Density
Distance
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.33
Magnetic Field Intensity
Back to Maxwell and Link to HFSS
• Maxwell → HFSS Dynamic Link– Magnetic source solved by Maxwell and Link to HFSS field solution
– Far Field and Large Area electromagnetic solution
– HFSS can handle a car body object as 2D sheet objecty j j
Maxwell
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.34
HFSS
Back to Maxwell and Link to HFSS
• Maxwell → HFSS Dynamic Link– Magnetic source solved by Maxwell and Link to HFSS field solution
– Far Field and Large Area electromagnetic solution
– HFSS can handle a car body object as 2D sheet objecty j j
Maxwell
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.35
HFSS
Conclusion
• Wireless power transfer for HEV/EV’s can easily be simulated with ANSYS’ electromagnetic and circuit simulation tools.
• The full solutions requires a system level approach.
ANSYS’ P d t l t lti h i i l ti i bi d
D3D1 IGBT3IGBT1THREE PHASE1 D3D1 IGBT3IGBT1THREE PHASE1
• ANSYS’ Products can also support multiphysics simulation, i.e. combined Thermal / Structure / Fluid
0
0
0
R1
(1/87-0.004) ohm
R2
(1/348-0.001) ohm
Cs
1.93uF
Cp
5.24uF
Rload
10ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
D4
D3
D2
D1
IGBT4
IGBT3
IGBT2
IGBT1
C1
1000uF
TRANS2TRANS1
STATE_11_2STATE_11_1
FML INIT1
~
3PHAS
~
~
A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)
PHI = 0°
PHI = -120°
PHI = -240°
THREE_PHASE1D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10 Battery- +
LBATT_A1
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1e-006farad
20 00
40.00 Curve Info rmsWM1.I
TR 9.4139
WM2.ITR 10.5939
Current_1st_1:src
Current_1st_2:src
Current_2nd_1:src
Current_2nd_2:src
Current_1st_1:snk
Current_1st_2:snk
Current_2nd_1:snk
Current_2nd_2:snk
0
0
0
R1
(1/87-0.004) ohm
R2
(1/348-0.001) ohm
Cs
1.93uF
Cp
5.24uF
Rload
10ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
D4
D3
D2
D1
IGBT4
IGBT3
IGBT2
IGBT1
C1
1000uF
TRANS2TRANS1
STATE_11_2STATE_11_1
FML INIT1
~
3PHAS
~
~
A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)
PHI = 0°
PHI = -120°
PHI = -240°
THREE_PHASE1D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10 Battery- +
LBATT_A1
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1e-006farad
20 00
40.00 Curve Info rmsWM1.I
TR 9.4139
WM2.ITR 10.5939
Current_1st_1:src
Current_1st_2:src
Current_2nd_1:src
Current_2nd_2:src
Current_1st_1:snk
Current_1st_2:snk
Current_2nd_1:snk
Current_2nd_2:snk
0
Rload
10ohm
Battery- +
LBATT_A1
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1e-006farad
TRANS4
DT4
TRANS3
SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL
DT1SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL
STATE_11_4
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time
STATE_11_3
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=1SET: TSV2:=1SET: TSV1:=0
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT1##Dead_Time
SET: TSV4:=1SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=1
TRIANG1
AMPL=1FREQ=Carrier_Freq
SINE1
AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency
ICA: FML_INIT1
Modulation_Index:=0Carrier_Freq:=10kFrequency:=10k
DC_Source:=200Dead_Time:=2u
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
Y1 [A
]
100.00
300.00
V]
Curve Info rmsWM1.V
TR 154.9045
WM2.VTR 120.2425
20.00
40.00
A]
100.00
200.00
V]
131.1979
1 340627.9814
156.0455Curve Info Y Axis rms
WM1.ITR Y1 9.3501
WM2.ITR Y1 10.5176
WM1.VTR Y2 153.6594
WM2.VTR Y2 119 4615
TRANS4
DT4
TRANS3
SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL
DT1SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL
STATE_11_4
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time
STATE_11_3
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=1SET: TSV2:=1SET: TSV1:=0
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT1##Dead_Time
SET: TSV4:=1SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=1
TRIANG1
AMPL=1FREQ=Carrier_Freq
SINE1
AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency
ICA: FML_INIT1
Modulation_Index:=0Carrier_Freq:=10kFrequency:=10k
DC_Source:=200Dead_Time:=2u
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
Y1 [A
]
100.00
300.00
V]
Curve Info rmsWM1.V
TR 154.9045
WM2.VTR 120.2425
20.00
40.00
A]
100.00
200.00
V]
131.1979
1 340627.9814
156.0455Curve Info Y Axis rms
WM1.ITR Y1 9.3501
WM2.ITR Y1 10.5176
WM1.VTR Y2 153.6594
WM2.VTR Y2 119 4615
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.36
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-300.00
-100.00
Y1 [
1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
Y1 [A
-200.00
-100.00
0.00
Y2 [V
MX1: 1.9753MX2: 1.9783
-6.0797-1.2036-0.0090 -0.51411.3406
0.0030
TR Y2 119.4615
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-300.00
-100.00
Y1 [
1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
Y1 [A
-200.00
-100.00
0.00
Y2 [V
MX1: 1.9753MX2: 1.9783
-6.0797-1.2036-0.0090 -0.51411.3406
0.0030
TR Y2 119.4615
Thank you!
Maxwell 14 0Maxwell 14.0HFSS 13.0Simplorer 9.0Designer/NEXXIM 6.0
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.37