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LEGAL STUDIESWritten examination
Wednesday 14 November 2018 Reading time: 2.00 pm to 2.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 2.15 pm to 4.15 pm (2 hours)
QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK
Structure of bookSection Number of
questionsNumber of questions
to be answeredNumber of
marks
A 7 7 40B 3 3 40
Total 80
• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpenersandrulers.
• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orcorrectionfluid/tape.
• Nocalculatorisallowedinthisexamination.
Materials supplied• Questionandanswerbookof24pages• Additionalspaceisavailableattheendofthebookifyouneedextrapapertocompleteananswer.
Instructions• Writeyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedaboveonthispage.• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.
Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.
©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2018
SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certificate of Education 2018
STUDENT NUMBER
Letter
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SECTION A – continued
2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM 2
Question 1 (2marks)Outlineoneresponsibilityofajuryinacriminaltrial.
SECTION A
Instructions for Section AAnswerallquestionsinthespacesprovided.
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SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER
3 2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM
Question 2 (3marks)Kaiisinadisputewithhislandlord.ThelandlordrefusestorepairthepipesinthebathroomandhasdeclinedKai’srequeststomeettoresolvethematter.KaihasbeenadvisedthatConsumerAffairsVictoria(CAV)isthemostappropriatebodytoresolvethisdispute.
ExplainonereasonwhyCAVmaynotbethemostappropriatebodytoresolvethisdispute.
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SECTION A – continued
2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM 4
Question 3 (3marks)Describetherelationshipbetweeninternationaltreatiesandtheexternalaffairspower.
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SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER
5 2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM
Question 4 (6marks)a. IdentifytworightsofvictimsintheVictoriancriminaljusticesystem. 2marks
b. Explainhowtherightsidentifiedinpart a.aimtoupholdtheprincipleofaccess. 4marks
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2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM 6
SECTION A – Question 5–continued
Question 5 (8marks)Kylieisaprofessionalsportsperson.ShehascommencedacivilproceedingintheSupremeCourtofVictoriaagainstherformeragentforbreachofcontract.Herformeragenthasengagedlegalpractitionerstodefendtheclaim.
a. WhohastheburdenofproofinKylie’scaseandwhatisthestandardofproofinthiscase? 2marks
b. DescribeoneresponsibilityofthelegalpractitionersforKylie’sformeragentattrialifKylie’scasegoestotrial. 3marks
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SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER
7 2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM
c. Explainonewayinwhichthejudge’suseofcasemanagementpowersinthisdisputecouldachievetheprincipleoffairness. 3marks
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2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM 8
SECTION A – Question 6–continued
Question 6 (8marks)EvaluatetwowaysinwhichtheAustralianConstitutionenablestheAustralianpeopletoactasacheckonparliamentinlaw-making.
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SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER
9 2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM
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2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM 10
SECTION A – Question 7–continued
Question 7 (10marks) ‘Thebestwayforindividualstoinfluencelaw-makerstoreformtheVictorianciviljusticesystemistoappealcases.’
Discusstheextenttowhichyouagreewiththisstatement.Inyouranswer,explainhowonerecommendedreformtotheciviljusticesystemmayassistinachievingjustice.
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11 2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM
END OF SECTION ATURN OVER
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2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM 12
SECTION B – Question 1–continued
Question 1 (17marks)Bob,24,hasbeenchargedwithfouroffences,includingarmedrobberyandcommonassault.Theprosecutionallegesthat:• Bobrobbedaservicestationwithafirearm• theoffencescauseddistresstoseveralvictims,includingayoungfamilyandAda,whowas
workingintheservicestation• Bobwasservingacommunitycorrectionorder(CCO)atthetimeoftheoffences.
Bobhasbeencooperativewiththepolicesincehisarrest.Bobcannotaffordlegalrepresentationandisconcernedaboutbeingsenttoprisonashehasservedtimeinjailfornumerousoffences,includingtheft.Acommittalhearingwasheldlastweek.ThemagistratedecidedthattheevidenceagainstBobwasofsufficientweighttosupportaconvictionfortheoffences.ThecourtorderedthatBobstandtrial.Thetrialisexpectedtolastthreeweeks.Adaisconcernedaboutgivingevidenceassheisstilldistressedaboutthearmedrobbery.Bobhaspleadednotguilty.
a. AdawantstosueBobfordamages.
AdviseAdaononeenforcementissuesheshouldconsiderbeforeinitiatingthisclaim. 2marks
SECTION B
Instructions for Section BUsestimulusmaterial,whereprovided,toanswerthequestionsinthissection.Itisnotintendedthatthismaterialwillprovideyouwithalltheinformationtofullyanswerthequestions.Answerallquestionsinthespacesprovided.
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13 2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM
SECTION B – Question 1–continuedTURN OVER
b. Distinguishbetweenmitigatingfactorsandaggravatingfactorstobeconsideredinsentencing,andprovideanexampleofeachinBob’scase. 4marks
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2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM 14
SECTION B – Question 1–continued
c. Discusstheappropriatenessofapleanegotiationinthiscase. 5marks
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15 2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM
SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
d. DiscusstheabilityofimprisonmenttobothdeterBobandprotectthecommunityifBobisfoundguiltyandsentencedtoaterminprison. 6marks
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2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM 16
SECTION B – Question 2–continued
Question 2 (13marks)Tanningunits,alsoknownas‘solariums’or‘tanningbeds’,aremachinesusedtoartificiallytanskinthroughtheuseofultravioletradiation.In2007,theAustralianBroadcastingCorporation(ABC)broadcastaprogramtitledThe Dangers of a Deadly Tan.TheprogramconsideredtheincreaseintheuseoftanningunitsinVictoria,andthepossibleconnectionbetweentanningunitsandmelanoma,aformofcancer.AmendmentsweremadetotheRadiation Act 2005(Vic),whichcameintoeffecton1January2015.Itthenbecameanoffenceforapersontooperateabusinessallowingtheuseofatanningunit.Itremainslegaltoownasolariumforpersonaluseonly.
Source 1Thefollowingisanextractfromsection3,‘Definitions’,oftheRadiation Act 2005(Vic).
tanning unitmeansanelectricallypoweredradiationapparatusdesignedtoproducetanningofthehumanskinbyutilisingultravioletradiation
Source:VictorianLegislationandParliamentaryDocuments,<www.legislation.vic.gov.au>
Source 2ThefollowingisanextractfromtheRadiation Act 2005(Vic),whichwasinsertedwhentheActwasamended.
23D Offence to conduct a commercial tanning practiceApersonmustnot— (a) provide,oroffertoprovide,forfeeorrewardtheuseofatanningunit;or (b) operateoroffertooperateforfeeorrewardatanningunit.Penalty: Inthecaseofanaturalperson,60penaltyunits; Inthecaseofabodycorporate,300penaltyunits.
Source:VictorianLegislationandParliamentaryDocuments,<www.legislation.vic.gov.au>
Source 3
‘It’s criminal, it should be stopped’: Melanoma survivor issues warning on illegal solariumsUndergroundsolariumsarebeingadvertisedonlineacrossAustralia,morethantwoyearsafterthecommercialuseoftanningbedswasbannednationally.Whileitislegaltoownasolariumforpersonaluse,since[2015]ithasbeenillegalfortanningbedstobeusedanywherethatchargesafee.
Source:ALattouf,‘“It’scriminal,itshouldbestopped”:Melanomasurvivorissueswarningonillegalsolariums’, ABCnews,<www.abc.net.au>,6March2018
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17 2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM
SECTION B – Question 2–continuedTURN OVER
a. Outlineoneroleofthemediainchangingthelaw. 2marks
b. Describeonereasonwhyacourtmayneedtointerpretthephrase‘tanningunit’in section23DoftheRadiation Act 2005(Vic). 3marks
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2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM 18
SECTION B – Question 2–continued
c. Explainthelinkbetweentheuseoftanningunitsandtheneedforlawreform. 4marks
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19 2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM
SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
d. IftheCommonwealthParliamentweretopasslegislationallowingthecommercialuseoftanningunits,howmightsection109oftheAustralianConstitutionberelevant? 4marks
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2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM 20
SECTION B – Question 3–continued
Question 3 (10marks)On18June2018,AustralianGreensSenatorJordonSteele-JohnintroducedaBillintotheSenate.TheBill,theCommonwealthElectoralAmendment(LoweringVotingAgeandIncreasingVoterParticipation)Bill2018,aimstoamendthelawtoallow16-and17-year-oldstovoteinfederalelections.Thefollowingdataisfromthe‘SenateOfficialHansard’,18June2018.
Asat18June2018,thecompositionoftheSenatewasasfollows:Liberal-NationalCoalition(government) 31AustralianLaborParty(opposition) 26AustralianGreens(includingSenatorSteele-John) 9Other(independentsandminorparties) 10Total 76
Data:ParliamentofAustralia,<www.aph.gov.au>
a. Explainhowaparliamentarycommitteeoraroyalcommissioncouldinfluencelawreformtoallow16-and17-year-oldstovoteinfederalelections. 4marks
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21 2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM
END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKTURN OVER
b. DiscusstheabilityoftheCommonwealthParliamenttochangethelawtoallow 16-and17-year-oldstovoteinfederalelections. 6marks
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2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM 22
Extra space for responses
Clearly number all responses in this space.
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23 2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM
TURN OVER
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2018LEGALSTUDIESEXAM 24
Ananswerbookisavailablefromthesupervisorifyouneedextrapapertocompleteananswer.Pleaseensureyouwriteyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedonthefrontcoveroftheanswerbook.At the end of the examination, place the answer book inside the front cover of this question and answer book.