Download - 2.2.2b6 medio de tx- red telefonica-review
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LHDG / 2012A 1
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LA RED TELEFONICA PUBLICA CONMUTADA
Estructura del Sistema Telefónico
La política de los Teléfonos
El Cto. Local: modems, ADSL e Inalámbrico
Troncales y multiplexión
Conmutación
CONTENIDO
Introducción
LHDG / 2012A
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3LHDG / 2012A
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Public Switched Telephone System
• Structure of the Telephone System
• The Politics of Telephones
• The Local Loop: Modems, ADSL and
Wireless
• Trunks and Multiplexing
• Switching
LHDG / 2012A
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Structure of the Telephone System
(a) Fully-interconnected network.
(b) Centralized switch.
(c) Two-level hierarchy.LHDG / 2012A
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Structure of the Telephone System (2)
A typical circuit route for a medium-distance call.
LHDG / 2012A
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Major Components of the Telephone System
• Local loops
Analog twisted pairs going to houses and businesses
• Trunks
Digital fiber optics connecting the switching offices
• Switching offices
Where calls are moved from one trunk to another
LHDG / 2012A
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The Politics of Telephones
The relationship of LATAs, LECs, and IXCs. All the circles are LEC switching offices. Each hexagon
belongs to the IXC whose number is on it.
LHDG / 2012A
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The Local Loop: Modems, ADSL, and Wireless
The use of both analog and digital transmissions for a computer to computer call. Conversion is done by the
modems and codecs.
LHDG / 2012A
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Modems
(a) A binary signal
(b) Amplitude modulation
(c) Frequency modulation
(d) Phase modulation
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Modems (2)
(a) QPSK.
(b) QAM-16.
(c) QAM-64.
LHDG / 2012A
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Modems (3)
(a) V.32 for 9600 bps.
(b) V32 bis for 14,400 bps.
(a) (b)
LHDG / 2012A
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Digital Subscriber Lines
Bandwidth versus distanced over category 3 UTP for DSL.
LHDG / 2012A
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Digital Subscriber Lines (2)
Operation of ADSL using discrete multitone modulation.
LHDG / 2012A
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Digital Subscriber Lines (3)
A typical ADSL equipment configuration.
LHDG / 2012A
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Wireless Local Loops
Architecture of an LMDS system.
LHDG / 2012A
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Frequency Division Multiplexing
(a) The original bandwidths.
(b) The bandwidths raised in frequency.
(b) The multiplexed channel.LHDG / 2012A
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Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Wavelength division multiplexing.
LHDG / 2012A
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Time Division Multiplexing
The T1 carrier (1.544 Mbps).
LHDG / 2012A
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Time Division Multiplexing (2)
Delta modulation.
LHDG / 2012A
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Time Division Multiplexing (3)
Multiplexing T1 streams into higher carriers.
LHDG / 2012A
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Time Division Multiplexing (4)
Two back-to-back SONET frames.
LHDG / 2012A
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Time Division Multiplexing (5)
SONET and SDH multiplex rates.
LHDG / 2012A
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Circuit Switching
(a) Circuit switching.
(b) Packet switching.LHDG / 2012A
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Message Switching
(a) Circuit switching (b) Message switching (c) Packet switching
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Packet Switching
A comparison of circuit switched and packet-switched networks.
LHDG / 2012A
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