Download - 31.land empires ii_1450-1750
“Made In China”
• What is Shaffer’s argument? Does her interpretation change how we understand Europe and/or China?
• What sources would you like to examine to support or undermine Shaffer’s argument?
Filled with admiration for the great Chinese empire . . . I came from the West on a boat in the
year 1582. —Matteo Ricci
BUSHIDO
Wielders of bow and arrow should behave in a manner considerate not only of their own honor, of course, but also of the honor of their descendants. They should not bring on eternal disgrace…for their limited lives.
BUSHIDO
…A genuine motive would be, for example, to give up your life for the sake of the sole sovereign, or serving under the commander of the military in a time of need; these would convey an exalted name to children and descendants.
BUSHIDO
…It is said that good warriors and good Buddhists are similarly circumspect. Whatever the matter, it is vexing for the mind not to be calm…Even if your parents may be stupid, if you obey their instructions, at least you won’t be violating the principle of nature.
So what happens next…
• Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)• Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537-1598)• Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)
Edicts of Hideyoshi, 15871.Japan is the country of gods, but has been
receiving false teachings from Christian countries. This cannot be tolerated any further.
2.The [missionaries] approach people in provinces and districts to make them their followers, and let them destroy shrines and temples. This is an unheard of outrage. When a vassal receives a province, a district, a village, or another form of a fief, he must consider it as a property entrusted to him on a temporary basis…
4. The black [Portuguese and Spanish] ships come to Japan to engage in trade. Thus the matter is a separate one. They can continue to engage in trade.
Other reasons for expansion?
– CAESAR TSAR/CZAR (3rd Rome)– Defender of Christianity (vs. Muslim
Ottomans)
Peter the Great
• Westernization Reforms (1689-1725)– Increased
centralization–Military reforms– Compete with West
6’ 8” (203 cm)
Peter the Great’s Westernization Reforms
• Selective Westernization
“You feed the foreigners too well,instead of bidding your folk to clingto old customs.” – priest to Tsar Alexis(cycles of enthusiasm and revulsion)