Download - 6.2 Covalent Compounds: (Pages 232-240) Homework: Page 241 # 1, 4, 5, 7 Key Concepts: (Page 241)
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6.2 Covalent Compounds: (Pages 232-240)
Homework: Page 241 # 1, 4, 5, 7Key Concepts: (Page 241)
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• Most simple covalent bonds are composed of linked or bonded atoms of different elements. These elements are usually two or more non-metals
• The attraction between molecules is much weaker than the attraction between oppositely charged ions in an ionic crystal.
• This contributes to the differences in the properties of ionic compounds and some covalent compounds.
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• Many covalent compounds tend to have low melting points and low solubility in water, compared with ionic compounds.
• Many covalent compounds are also poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• Plastics are a large class of polymer covalent compounds. Their numerous uses include shopping bags, containers, and fabrics.
• There are, however, many environmental concerns associated with the use of plastics.
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Covalent Bonds:
1. Which type of elements are covalent compounds composed of?
Only non-metals are combined to form covalent compounds.
2. What happens to electrons in a covalent bond?
Electrons are shared between elements.
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Draw the Bohr-Rutherford models for water.
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4. What is a molecule?
A molecule is the smallest discrete particle of a pure substance, which has one or more shared pairs of electrons.
5. What is the other term used for covalent compounds?
Covalent compounds are also called molecular compounds.
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Prefixes for Covalent Compounds
Prefix Number Prefix Number
Mono 1 Hexa 6
Di 2 Hepta 7
Tri 3 Octa 8
Tetra 4 Nona 9
Penta 5 Deca 10
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8. Explain how to name covalent compounds.
• The prefixes mono, di, tri, tetra, etc. are used to show the number of atoms in the compound.
Examples:• Dinitrogen monoxide – N2O
• Dinitrogen trioxide – N2O3
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9. Name the following compounds:
a) Carbon trichloride (Monocarbon trichloride)
b) Trinitrogen pentaoxide
c) Carbon tetraoxide (Monocarbon tetraoxide)
d) Hexacarbon dioxide
e) Pentanitrogen trioxide
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10. Identify the elements in each covalent compound and state the number of atoms
of each element. a) SiCl4b) SCl6c) N2C
d) C3F5
e) CO2
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11. List some properties of covalent compounds:
• The attraction between molecules in a covalent compound are weak compared to ions (because you’re sharing electrons)
• Relatively low melting & boiling points • Relative softness in covalent compounds• Poor conductors of electricity and heat
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12. What are plastics made of?• Plastics are made of molecular
compounds called polymers.
13. How are plastics classified?• Ethylene, a molecular compound
composed of hydrogen & carbon, is a common starting material for a class of plastics called polyethylenes.
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12. Why might a city like Toronto consider imposing a change or ban
on plastic bags?They may pose a ban on plastic bags because:• Plastic bags are not biodegradable (they
cannot be broken down naturally by living organisms)
• The small, broken-down particles of the plastic bags contain toxic materials that can get into water & soil
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13. Brainstorm a list of solutions to reduce the use of plastic bags.
• Use a cloth bag/reusable bag • Carry your purchases when possible• Use a shopping cart/trolley