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100 Years War (Strong King) and Black Death
Scientific Advances (Renaissance) which contradicted the Church
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Humanism caused people to start questioning the Catholic Church
The Corruption within the Catholic Church
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Prior to the Reformation all Christians in Western Europe were Roman
Catholic
People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the
people’s faith in the church
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
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In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions
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Martin Luther
Henry VIII
John Calvin
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Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk
Father encouraged him to study law
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He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for
He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort
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A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
The Power of the Pope
He criticized:
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Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people and criticism from Church
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
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The Diet of Worms
Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further
Luther burned the order and was excommunicated
1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs
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Anti-Catholic
Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland
Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”
Influenced by Martin Luther
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Calvin believed in:
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven
Salvation through Predestination
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Foreknowledge
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..
Purified approach to life:
God knows everything that will happen in your life
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• King of England
• Originally attacked Martin Luther’s ideas
• Wanted a son to take over the throne of England
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• His first wife only gave birth to one daughter and couldn’t have anymore children
• Wanted to have his marriage annulled so he could remarry
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• Pope refuses annulment
• Henry VIII creates his own church.
• Anglican Church - (Monarch is the head of this new church)
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Results of the Reformation
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Results of the Reformation
Catholic Church losses power
Calvinism spreads to other countries (France, Scotland, Holland, England, Germany)
More people were able to read the bible
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Results of the Reformation
England no longer influenced by Pope
England, one of the strongest countries, becomes Protestant
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Practice Questions
Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses were a call for
-crusades to spread Christianity
-greater papal authority
-reforms within the Roman Catholic Church
-religious revolt against the German princes
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Practice Questions
In Western Europe, a major immediate effect of the Reformation was a
-decline in religious unity and in the power of the Catholic Church
-decrease in educational opportunities for the middle class
-greater tolerance of religions other than Christianity
-renewed domination of the Catholic Church over the German states
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Practice Questions
During the Renaissance, which development contributed most to the Protestant
Reformation?
-attention to realism and detail
-questioning of traditional authority
-advances in mathematics and science
-interest in Ancient Greece and Rome
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Practice Questions
“Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason... my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will hot recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise.” —Martin Luther, Diet of Worms (1517)
-the need for nepotism
-maintaining the unity of the Church
-imprisoning those who disagreed with Church teachings
-the supremacy of the Bible over Church policies
When Martin Luther said “my conscience is captive to the Word of God,” he was referring to his belief in
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