Download - 8b-membrane technology
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Membrane Technology
Source: ZAINI UJANG
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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Why Membrane?
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Why Membrane?
Modular design, compact Small foot-print Continuous process, automation Good separation No phase and temperature change Easy for reuse, recycle
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Why Use Low-Pressure Membrane?
Low fouling problems Low compaction on membrane surface Less energy consumption Relatively easier cleaning procedure Relatively cheaper Relatively easier maintenance
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Fouling on Membrane Surface
Old UnderstandingOld UnderstandingPermeate
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Permeate flow decline in membrane operation
m3/h
Days
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Conventional Solution to Fouling Problem
Back washing
Mechanical cleaning
Chemical cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaning
Change membrane module
Engage membrane manufacturer
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New Solutions to BioFouling
Back washing
Chemical cleaning
Change membrane module
Biotech solution
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Fouling on Membrane Surface
Old UnderstandingOld UnderstandingPermeate
Fluid flow
Retente
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Biofouling on Membrane Surface
New UnderstandingNew UnderstandingPermeate
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Biofouling on Low-Pressure Membrane Surface
New UnderstandingNew UnderstandingPermeate
Biofilm
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Biofouling on High-Pressure Membrane
New UnderstandingNew UnderstandingPermeate
Biofilm
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Chemical Cleaning of Biofoulants
Permeate
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Backwash on Low-Pressure Membrane
New UnderstandingNew Understanding
Biofilm
Backwash
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Backwash on Low-Pressure Membrane
New UnderstandingNew Understanding
Biofilm
Backwash
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Backwash on Low-Pressure Membrane
New UnderstandingNew Understanding
Backwash (Plus Chemicals)
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Why Immersed Membrane?
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Why Immersed System?
Low pressure system Hybrid with biochemical processes Hybrid with chemical processes Less fouling problems Relatively easier cleaning procedure Less sludge or by-products production
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Conventional Membrane
Feed
Retente/Concentrate
Permeate
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Fig. Membrane plant for water treatment, Ogose Town, Japan
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Immersed Membrane
Aeration
Membrane
Feed
Permeate
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Immersed Membrane
(a) Flat Sheet Membrane (b) Hollow Fibre Membrane
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Zenon’s MF Hollow-Fibre Module
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Kubota’s MF Tubular (Ceramic)
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Immersed Membrane
Feed
Retente
Permeate
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Conventional Membrane
Feed
Retente/Concentrate
Permeate
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Membrane Bioreactor
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Membrane Bioreactor
Low pressure system Hybrid with biochemical processes Less fouling problems Relatively easier cleaning procedure Less sludge or by-products production
Zaini Ujang 29MBR Pilot Plants in Tokyo (a) Mitsubishi (b) KubotaMBR Pilot Plants in Tokyo (a) Mitsubishi (b) Kubota
BA
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MBR by Mitsubishi Rayon EngineeringMBR by Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering
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Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering MBR Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering MBR
Items Pilot Plant Conditions
Treatment Capacity (m3/d) 32-48
Type of filtration Continuous flow
Flux (m3/m2.d) Operating flux 0.5-0.7
Daily average 0.4-0.6
Intermittent operation (min) Operating: 8-12; Stop: 2
MLSS (g/L) 10
Air diffusion (m3/m2.s) 0.06
Retention time (h) 5.5 - 8.0
Recirculation ration 3
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Effluent of MBR from Mitsubishi Pilot PlantEffluent of MBR from Mitsubishi Pilot Plant
BOD < 10 mg/lSS < 5 mg/l
Treatedeffluent
Activated sludge
Feed
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Financial Comparison MBR with Conventional Activated SludgeFinancial Comparison MBR with Conventional Activated Sludge
Items MBR CAS
Sludge (m3/day) 0.069 0.963Operating cost* ($/day) 8.37 11.25Sludge treatment* ($/day0 34.65 48.3Running cost 72% 100%Space 30% 100%
* Price for electricity at US$0.075Source: MRC, 1997 (in Visvanathan et al., 2000)
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Terminology:
MBR Confusion?
Activated sludge membrane reactor (Yamamoto et al.)
Membrane process for biomass retention (Anderson et al., 1984)
Membrane separation bioreactor (Yamamoto et al.)
Integrated type membrane separation activated sludge (Takeuchi et al., 1990)
Membrane bioreactors (most authors)
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Why MBR for Industrial Wastewater Treatment?
Small foot print Concentrate sludge Reduce sludge disposal Better solid-liquid separation
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Problems Associated of Activated Sludge System
Maintaining young sludge Separation between sludge-supernatant Foaming Bulking Large foot print for clarifiers
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Why MBR for Wastewater Treatment?
Effluent
SludgeReturn sludge
Primary clarifier Secondary clarifier
Bioreactor
Activated Sludge SystemActivated Sludge System
Sludge
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MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
SludgeReturn sludge
Primary clarifier Membrane Unit
Bioreactor
Activated Sludge Membrane SystemActivated Sludge Membrane System
Sludge
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MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
Bioreactor
Activated Sludge Membrane System
Influent
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Features of Membrane Application in Biological Wastewater Treatment
Solid/liquid separation
Aeration
Dialysis
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Features of Membrane Application in Biological Wastewater Treatment
Solid/liquid separation
External membrane Immersed membrane
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Features of Membrane Application in Biological Wastewater Treatment
Aeration
Diffuse/fine bubble aeration Diffuse aeration &biofilm
Oxygen/airOxygen/air
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Features of Membrane Application in Biological Wastewater Treatment
Dialysis
Recycling biomedium contains extracted priority pollutants
Effluent
Membranemodule
Nutrients
Influent
Extraction of priority pollutantsExtraction of priority pollutants
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MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Organic removal
Nitrification-denitrification
Phosphorus removal
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MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
SludgeReturn sludge
Primary clarifier Membrane
Bioreactor
Activated Sludge Membrane SystemActivated Sludge Membrane System
First Generation MBR
Sludge
Secondaryclarifier
For polishing
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MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
SludgeReturn sludge
Primary clarifier
Bioreactor
Activated Sludge Membrane SystemActivated Sludge Membrane System
Second Generation MBR
Sludge
Secondaryclarifier
For Reuse
Chlorination/Disinfection
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MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
SludgeReturn sludge
Primary clarifier Membrane Unit
Bioreactor
External membrane systemExternal membrane system
Third Generation MBR
SludgePolishing &
Compact
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MBR for Wastewater Treatment
EffluentPrimary clarifier
Bioreactor
Immersed membrane system Immersed membrane system
Fourth Generation MBR
Sludge
Compact, Advanced
Treatment &Reuse
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MBR for Wastewater Treatment?
EffluentBioreactor
Immersed Membrane System Without Clarifiers
Immersed Membrane System Without Clarifiers
Fifth Generation MBR
AdvancedTreatment,
Reuse & Compact
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MBR for Wastewater Treatment?
EffluentBioreactor
Membrane System Without ClarifiersMembrane System Without Clarifiers
Sixth Generation MBR
Improvement on energy saving & cleaning methodsusing strong bubble aeration & hollow fiber
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Hollow-Fibre MBR
Bubblesfromdiffusers
Hollow fiber membranes
Wastewater
Diffusers
Feed
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MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
Bioreactor
Membrane as Solid/Liquid Separation & Air Diffuser
Membrane as Solid/Liquid Separation & Air Diffuser
Seventh Generation MBR
Air
Feed
Treatment& Aeration
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MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
Bioreactor
Sequencing Batch Membrane Bioreactor
Sequencing Batch Membrane Bioreactor
Eighth Generation MBR
FeedSimultaneous
organic &nutrient removal
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MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
Bioreactor
PAC / Membrane Bioreactor
PAC / Membrane Bioreactor
Ninth Generation MBR
FeedSimultaneous
organic &nutrient removal
PAC
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Problems of Membrane Bioreactor
Overflow of mixed liquor Irregular condition of sludge Biofouling during anaerobic stage Low water level during influent low flowrate Old sludge, less productivity
