A short overview of nuclear facilities and activities at LNS
M. Lattuada
CONTENTS:
Beam production facilities Biggest detection facilities Nuclear research activities
Physics research: Nuclear physics (experimental and theoretical) Nuclear and sub-nuclear astrophysics
Interdisciplinary and technological research: Accelerators and ion sources Informatics Plasma physics Biophysics - Radiobiology Cultural heritage Ion beam therapy
Physics research: Nuclear physics (experimental and theoretical) Nuclear and sub-nuclear astrophysics
Interdisciplinary and technological research: Accelerators and ion sources Informatics Plasma physics Biophysics - Radiobiology Cultural heritage Ion beam therapy
LNS staff: ~ 120 (~ 35 physicists and engineers) Researchers from other institutions: ~ 20 Fellows, Post-doc, … : ~ 40 Graduate/undergraduate students: ~ 40
USERS (participants in at least one experiment at LNS in the last 3 years): 545 (180 from abroad)
CYCLOTRON
TANDEM
EXCYT PRE-INJECTORECR
SOURCES
MEDEA-SOLE-MACISTE
CICLOPE
CHIMERA
MAGNEX
PROTON THERAPY
6O°
8O°
2O° O° 4O°
Layout of the experimental areas
The LNS Tandem accelerator
Stable beams at LNS
The LNS K800 Superconducting Cyclotron can accelerate ions up to 80 MeV/amu
Stable beams at LNS
0
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Mass (a.m.u.)
En
erg
y (M
eV/a
.m.u
.)
0
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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Mass (a.m.u.)
En
erg
y (M
eV/a
.m.u
.)
First beam: 8Li (13C beam + graphite target)Last experiment: primary beam 100 W -> average intensity 7· 104 pps)Bottleneck: CEC efficiency ~3 %There is still room for improvement …
Radioactive beams at LNS
Production Target
Final Focus
Fragment Separator
Radioactive beams at LNS
The basic idea is to identify one-by-one each single ion
Charge and mass (Z,A)
Position (x,y)
Energy E
Tagging Technique
Secondary Target
(ΔE,ToF)
(x,y)
(A,Z), E
Secondary Ion
Si-Strip
2424Tagged Ion
Radioactive beams at LNS
20Ne+9Be
SOLE
Superconducting Solenoid
00 60
MEDEA
180 BaF2 detectors
300 1800
MACISTE
8 gas plastic position
sensitive detectors
60
Detection systems at LNS
SiCsI(Tl)
PSD in CsI(Tl)
Z,A for ligth ions
ΔE(Si)-ToF
A - identification for particles stopped in Silicon
HI
pd
t
3He
LiBe
~300 μm
3-12 cm1192
ΔE(Si)-E(CsI)
Z,A for ligth ions (Z<10)
ΔE(Si)-E(CsI)
Z - identification
PSD in Silicon
Z - identification for particles stopped in
Silicon
Detection systems at LNS
Main parametersMaximum magnetic rigidity
1.8 T· m
Solid angle 51 msr
Momentum acceptance
± 10 %
Momentum resolution
1/5400
Mass resolution 1/300
Detection systems at LNS
Targets: 27Al, 19F, 27Al, 12C, WO3, 28Si
Nuclei investigated: 19O, 27Mg for spectroscopy and 12C,16O,28Al to measure the strength of Fermi (0+), GT (1+) and SD(0-,1-,2-) transitions
52 MeV beam energy 7Be ejectiles detected by MAGNEX spectrometer Angular setting
• Data Analysis under way
December 2007 - July 2008
First MAGNEX experiments: (7Li,7Be) CEX reaction
12lab 187 lab
0lab6lab 133 lab
Tandem experiments at LNS
High resolution spectroscopy of light neutron rich nuclei via multineutron transfer using tandem 18O beam
12,13C(18O,15,16,17O) to study the 13,14,15,16C nuclei
at Einc= 84 MeV
Next: the use of a 14C target will extend the exoticity
of the nuclei that can be studied (16,17C)
Multineutron transfer induced by 18O tandem beams
Tandem experiments at LNS
13C target 50 μg/cm2 thick
Average energy resolution ~ 250 keV (FWHM)
Angular resolution in the CM reference ~1.5 (FWHM)
New collective states between 10 and 15 MeV?
The 13C(18O,16O)15C reaction (2009 experiments)
Tandem experiments at LNS
The trojan horse method for resonant reactions: the The trojan horse method for resonant reactions: the AGB caseAGB case
In the “Trojan Horse Method” (THM) the cross section of an astrophysically relevant reaction A(x,c)c’, can be measured by measuring the three body A(b,cc’)s cross section, where b can be described as x+s:
b
A
x
s
c’c
In the case of a resonant two body reaction the resonance parameters, and in particular the strength, can be extracted through a modified R-Matrix procedure
With a proper choice of the detection configuration, the cross section of the 2-body reaction at sub-Coulomb energy can be deduced from the 3-body one at energy above the barrier.
Upper vertex: direct b breakup into x+s
Tandem experiments at LNS
Lower vertex: virtual A(x,c)c’ reaction
The The 1515N(p,N(p,))1212C reactionC reaction
The 15N(p,)12C, 18O(p,)15N and 17O(p,)14N reactions are crucial to investigate N and O isotopic ratios in AGB stars and constrain their evolution
Recommended value for S(0):735 MeVb
La Cognata et al. PRC 80 (2009) 012801
Low energy direct data show a large spread: extrapolation to energies of astrophysical importance is critical
The THM allows to extend the measurement to zero energy: • no extrapolation• no electron screening
Tandem experiments at LNS
The The 1818O(p,O(p,))1515N reactionN reaction
First time observation of the 20 keV resonance in the 18O+p interaction Absolute values of the strengths obtained by normalizing to the known resonance at 144 keV
(eV) present work
(eV) NACRE
20 keV 8.3 +3.8-2.6 10-19 6 +17
-5 10-19
90 keV 1.8 ± 0.3 10-7 1.6 ± 0.5 10-7
In case of a narrow resonance the reaction rate is determined by the resonance strengths
La Cognata et al. PRL 101 (2008) 152501La Cognata et al. ApJ 708 (2010) 796
Tandem experiments at LNS
Structure effects in collisions induced by halo nuclei
Elastic scattering 9,10,11Be+64Zn @Ecm=24.5MeVExperiments performed at LNS and ISOLDE
Similar elastic scattering angular distribution measured for 9,10Be+64Zn .
11Be+64Zn scattering exhibits a strong suppression of the elastic cross section at small angles absorption occurring at large distances due to 11Be halo structure.
No effect observed for the weakly bound 9Be
Reaction cross sectionReaction cross section99Be)=1.1b, Be)=1.1b, 1010Be) ≈1.2bBe) ≈1.2b
1111Be) ≈2.7bBe) ≈2.7b
1111Be+Be+6464ZnZn1010Be+Be+6464ZnZn 99Be+Be+6464ZnZn
1111Be+Be+6464ZnZn1010Be+Be+6464ZnZn 99Be+Be+6464ZnZn
11Be+64Zn break-up/transfer angular distribution
≈≈1.1b1.1b
The large break-up cross section partially due to break-up/transfer events (rec/bu-tr ≈0.4)
Tandem experiments at LNS
Be
B C
Li
123
31
Time-scale measurement of IMF products
<N
/Z>
Dynamical fission in 112,124Sn+58,64Ni at 35 MeV/A and 197Au+197Au at 15 MeV/A
neutron enrichment of IMF emitted from
the neck
CHIMERACHIMERA results results
CS experiments at LNS
PRL 101 (2008)262701
PRC 71(2005)044602
8He
Study of nuclei at the drip line with FRIBs fragmentation beams
15B
11Li
The 4 detector allows kinematical coincidence to extract angular
distributions for elastic and inelastic processes using radioactive beams
40Ca + 12C 3 coincidences
CHIMERA: very recent resultsCHIMERA: very recent results
CS experiments at LNS
12B+d elastic scattering
Bose condensate3 correlations to measure
the size of the emitter
The first EXCYT experiments were designed for low intensity The first EXCYT experiments were designed for low intensity beam beam
•BIGBANGBIGBANG: 4He(8Li,n) integrated cross section (~ 102 mb)
•RCSRCS: measurement of 8Li + 28Si total reaction cross section using an active 28Si target
•RSMRSM: 8Li + 4He scattering excitation function in a single run, with the resonant scattering method on thick gas
target
EXCYT experiments at LNS
Start ToF
EXCYT experiments at LNS
Useful in experiments with low intensity beams: excitation function measured in a single run. Scattering cross section measured at 180o c. m. angle
BUT … … angular and energy resolution change with energy … accurate knowledge of stopping power is needed
Resonant elastic scattering on thick helium target to look for 8Li-configurations of 12B
8Li* 8Li
E E
t1
t2
Stop ToF
4He gas
Calculated ToF vs E
ToF discriminates elastic events from inelastic scattering events
Inelastic
coun
ts
Elastic
ToF
coun
ts
EXCYT experiments at LNSE(MeV)
1 nsec resolution
Eexc~ 1 MeV
Preliminary
The 6.15 MeV state populated by Coulomb
excitation (E1 transition) on Pb target
Full detection and identification of decay products
Two-proton decay: the 18Ne case
FRIBs experiments at LNS
Energy, angle and relative momentum correlations
18Ne beam produced at 35 MeV/u
by 20Ne projectile fragmentation
Two-proton radioactivity
predicted in the 60’s (Goldansky)
Two particle correlations in nuclei
Role of the pairing
(669)% direct three-body
(32)% virtual sequential
(317)% 2He decay
G. Raciti, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 192503(2008)
Hunting for pp decay
FRIBs experiments at LNS
208Pb18Ne
18Ne*16O
2He
208Pb18Ne
18Ne*16O
Work in progressWork in progress
New EXCYT beams (15O ?)
FRIBs: front-end and tagging detector : high rate capability improvement of CS extraction line transport and acceptance
New chamber for SERSE (under construction) improved intensity
(good for EXCYT and FRIBs)
Coupling of EDEN with MAGNEX ?
High energy astrophysics
far cosmic “accelerator” (particle energy>1017eV)
neutrinos
electromagnetic radiation (radio, light, UV, X, gamma)
protons
interstellar radiation and matter
“Submarine Telescope” for very high energy neutrinos.
It will allow to explore regions and phenomena in the Universe never observed so far
neutrinomuon
Cherenkov light
Optical module
s
Neutrino observatory project at LNS
European framework
• Consortium of the Institutes that develops and supports the pilot projects in the Mediterranean Sea. Consists of Institutes from 10 European Countries (Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Romania, Spain, U.K.)
• Large European Research Infrastructure– Included in the first roadmap for the European RI of the ESFRI
• Design Study project– Approved under the 6th FP– Conclusion in October 2009 with publication of the Technical Design
Report
• Preparatory Phase project– Approved under the 7th FP, started on March 1st 2008– Coordinated by INFN-LNS
KM3NeT
Neutrino observatory project at LNS
Phase1 project:a test site in Catania
Double-shielded cable (2.330 m)
Single shielded cable (20.595 m)
North branch5.220 m
South branch5.000 m
BU
SN-1Shore stationShore station
An underwater infrastructure has been realized by the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud to test detector prototypesA seismic and environmental observatory of INGV has been installed and connected to the EO cable
• Project jointly funded by INFN and MIUR:• Realization of shore and deep sea infrastructures • Design and realization of a subsystem of the km3 including key elements of the detector• Deployment and connection of a junction box and a fully instrumented detector module
consisting in a four storey tower• Study of the water properties and of the seabed morphology
Neutrino observatory project at LNS
Phase2 project:a deep sea station at Capo Passero
OBJECTIVES- Realization of an underwater infrastructure at a depth of
3500 m in the Capo Passero site- Test of the detector installation procedures at 3500 m- Installation of a 16 storey tower- Long term monitoring of the site
PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE- Shore station in Portopalo di Capo Passero to host the
power feeding and the data acquisition systems- 100 km electro-optical cable connecting the underwater
infrastructures with the shore station
STATUS- The electro-optical cable (about 40 kW) has been deployed- A building located inside the harbor area of Portopalo has
been renovated to host the shore station.- A 16 storey tower has been deployed last month to test the
structure and the installation operations from the point of view of mechanics
Neutrino observatory project at LNS
Through Tandem @7MV
47%
7.0 • 104
70%
5.0 • 104
On target
8Li3+
Primary beam power
100watt 5.4•106
CEC (10 keV)
8Li-
2.8%
Through platforms
8Li-
Through 2nd stage
Tandem entrance
1.5•105
100%
1.5 • 105
100%
1.5 • 105
100%
1.5 • 105
LEBI1
8Li+
Production with the sliced target is at least 3 times the value found with the former cylinder target
Tandem transmission can still be increased by improving beam optics and moreover it will be higher at larger terminal voltages
With a primary beam of 200 Watt an intensity close to 2·105 pps can be obtained
bottleneck
Radioactive beams at LNS
Proton rich with 58Ni+27Al and 20Ne+9Be
Neutron rich with 40Ar+9Be
Light proton rich with 12C+9Be
Production Results
Radioactive beams at LNS
18Ne,17F Production
(May-June 2009)
300÷400 enA of primary 20Ne beam
60 kHz of secondary beam on the tagging detector
5 kHz of 18Ne and 3 kHz of 17F
89 THREE-FOLD TELESCOPE ARRAY
81 TWO-FOLD TELESCOPE ARRAY
Detection systems at LNS
Search for cluster structures in n-rich B isotopes
Theoretical calculations (AMD) predict the existence of Li-He structures in B isotopes.
Kanada-En’yo & Horiuchi, PR C52(1995)647
Theoretical calculations (AMD) predict the existence of Li-He structures in B isotopes.
Kanada-En’yo & Horiuchi, PR C52(1995)647
EXCYT experiments at LNS
Aim of the experiment was to search for possible + 8Li configurations of 12B, by looking at resonances in the elastic scattering of the two components in inverse kinematics
Ebeam~30 MeV 10 MeV< Eexc<20 MeV
Aim of the experiment was to search for possible + 8Li configurations of 12B, by looking at resonances in the elastic scattering of the two components in inverse kinematics
Ebeam~30 MeV 10 MeV< Eexc<20 MeV