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Acids, Bases, and Solutions
Chapter 7
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What is a Solution?
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SolutionsSame properties throughoutContains a solvent and a solute
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SolventDoes the Dissolving
Water = Liquid
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SoluteThe stuff that is dissolved
Sugar
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Kool-Aid
Solvent = Water
Solute = Sugar
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Water is referred to as the “universal Solvent”
Why?
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Water dissolves almost anything
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ConcentrationHow much solute (dissolved stuff)
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DiluteWeakNot a lot of solute (dissolved stuff)
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ConcentratedStrongA lot of solute (dissolved stuff)
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Measuring Concentration
Amount of SoluteAmount of Solvent
X 100
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ExampleA solution contains 12 g of solute dissolved in 36 g of solution. What is its concentration?
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Answer: 10%
12 g36 g = .33 x 100
.33 = 33%
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ExampleWhat is the concentration of a solutions that contains 45 grams of sugar in 500 grams of solution?
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Answer: 9%
45 g500 g= .09 x 100
.09 = 9%
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ExampleHow much sugar is dissolved in 500 grams of a solution if the solution is 70 percent sugar by mass?
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Answer: 350gX500 g 70%=
.7 (500) = x
X = 350g
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SolubilityA measure of how much solute (dissolved stuff) can dissolve
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Unsaturated Solution
Weak, DiluteVery little solute is added
Add more sugar it will dissolve
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Saturated Solution
Perfect AmountNo more solute will dissolve
If you add more it will settle to the bottom
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SupersaturatedAdd so much solute that it begins to pile up on the bottom of the container
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Acids and Bases
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IndicatorsCompounds that change color when it contacts an acid or a base
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Properties of AcidsSour tasteReacts with metals (corrosive)
Turns litmus paper red
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Properties of BasesBitter TasteSlippery FeelTurns Litmus paper Blue
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AcidsProduce Hydrogen Ions (H+) in water
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BasesProduce Hydroxide ions (OH-) ions in water
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Strengths of Acids and Bases
The pH scale
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The pH scaleRange of numbers from 1-14
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Ph < 7ACIDIC H+ ions presentThe lower the number the stronger the acid (more H+ ions)
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pH = 7NeutralNot acidic or basic H+ = OH- ions
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pH > 7BASIC OH- ions presentThe higher the number the more basic
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NeutralizationA reaction between an acid and a base
Salt and water produced
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Neutralization
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Check for Understanding
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pH 1, pH 3 or pH 7 ?
Which contains the highest concentration of Hydrogen ions?
pH of 1
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pH of 6 or pH of 3
Which is stronger?Which contains more H+ ions?
pH of 3
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pH 10 or pH 14Which is a stronger base?
Which has more OH- ions?
pH of 14
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