New frontiers
in
Treatment of
Alzheimer’s Disease
(A.D.)
Presented by
Dr. Sudhakar Kokate
Director PPRC, India
Dedicated to
A.D. patients, relatives and carers
All over the globe
…. Director PPRC
Mumbai, India
About A.D.
Chronic dysfunction of cortical and sub-cortical areas in
the brain
A.D. – Fourth leading cause of death in developed countries
A.D. affects > 12 million worldwide
> 4 million in U.S.
Expenses – health care costs > 80 billion / year
PPRC/INDIA 05
A.D. ResearchDevelopment of promising Drugs
From natural source:
1. Terrestrial plants
2. Marine organisms
3. Micro organisms
4. Animal venoms
PPRC/INDIA 09
Healthy neurons
PPRC/INDIA 10
Physostigma venenosum L.
Chemical: physostigmine – an alkaloid
Family: Fabaceae
PPRC/INDIA 11
PPRC/INDIA 13
physostigmine
Lycopodium serratum Thunb. “Qin Ta”
Chemical: huperzine A, α-onocerin
Family: Lycopodiaceae
PPRC/INDIA 14
PPRC/INDIA 16
huperzine A α-onocerin
Galanthus nivalis “Snowdrop”
Chemical: galanthamine
Family: Amaryllidaceae
PPRC/INDIA 17
PPRC/INDIA 19
galanthamine
Leucojum aestivum L.
Chemical: lycorine
Family: Amaryllidaceae
PPRC/INDIA 20
PPRC/INDIA 22
lycorine
Pancratium maritimum
Chemical: tazettine
Family: Amaryllidaceae
PPRC/INDIA 23
PPRC/INDIA 25
tazettine
Corydalis ternata
Chemical: protopine – an alkaloid
Family: Papaveraceae
PPRC/INDIA 26
PPRC/INDIA 28
protopine
Evodia rutaecarpa
Chemical: dehydroevodiamine HCl
Family:
PPRC/INDIA 29
PPRC/INDIA 31
dehydroevodiamine HCl
Buxus hyrcana
Chemical: (+)-homo-moenjodaramine,
(+)-moenjodaramine
Family: Buxaceae
PPRC/INDIA 32
PPRC/INDIA 34
(+)-homo-moenjodaramine
Caragana chamlague
Chemical: stilbene oligoneers,(+)-α-viniferin,
kobophenol
Family: Fabaceae
PPRC/INDIA 35
PPRC/INDIA 37
stilbene oligoneers
Centella asiatica
Chemical: bornyl acetate, α-pinene,
β-pinene,γ- terpinene
Family: Apiaceae
PPRC/INDIA 38
PPRC/INDIA 40
bornyl acetate γ- terpinene
PPRC/INDIA 41
α-pinene,β-pinene
Marine sponge - Reniera sarai
Chemical: 3-alkyl pyridinium polymer type
compounds, parazoanthoxanthin A
PPRC/INDIA 42
PPRC/INDIA 44
3-alkyl pyridinium
polymer type compoundsparazoanthoxanthin A
Micro organisms
PPRC/INDIA 45
Aspergillus terreus
Chemical: territrems B
PPRC/INDIA 46
PPRC/INDIA 48
territrems B
Penicillium sp.
Chemical: arisugacins A
PPRC/INDIA 49
PPRC/INDIA 51
arisugacins A
Penicillium cyclopium
Chemical: cyclopenin
PPRC/INDIA 52
PPRC/INDIA 54
cyclopenin
Fusarium tricinctum
Chemical: visoltricine
PPRC/INDIA 55
PPRC/INDIA 57
visoltricine
Animal venom
PPRC/INDIA 58
Green & Black mamba (Snake)
Chemical: fasciculins – peptides
Genus: Dendroaspis
PPRC/INDIA 59
Monomorium minumum (Ant)
Chemical: 2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines
– alkaloidal tyoe of compound
PPRC/INDIA 61
Thank you!!
“BE WITH US”