New frontiers

in

Treatment of

Alzheimer’s Disease

(A.D.)

Presented by

Dr. Sudhakar Kokate

Director PPRC, India

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Dedicated to

A.D. patients, relatives and carers

All over the globe

…. Director PPRC

Mumbai, India

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About A.D.

Chronic dysfunction of cortical and sub-cortical areas in

the brain

A.D. – Fourth leading cause of death in developed countries

A.D. affects > 12 million worldwide

> 4 million in U.S.

Expenses – health care costs > 80 billion / year

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A.D. ResearchDevelopment of promising Drugs

From natural source:

1. Terrestrial plants

2. Marine organisms

3. Micro organisms

4. Animal venoms

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Healthy neurons

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Physostigma venenosum L.

Chemical: physostigmine – an alkaloid

Family: Fabaceae

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physostigmine

Lycopodium serratum Thunb. “Qin Ta”

Chemical: huperzine A, α-onocerin

Family: Lycopodiaceae

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huperzine A α-onocerin

Galanthus nivalis “Snowdrop”

Chemical: galanthamine

Family: Amaryllidaceae

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galanthamine

Leucojum aestivum L.

Chemical: lycorine

Family: Amaryllidaceae

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lycorine

Pancratium maritimum

Chemical: tazettine

Family: Amaryllidaceae

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tazettine

Corydalis ternata

Chemical: protopine – an alkaloid

Family: Papaveraceae

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protopine

Evodia rutaecarpa

Chemical: dehydroevodiamine HCl

Family:

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dehydroevodiamine HCl

Buxus hyrcana

Chemical: (+)-homo-moenjodaramine,

(+)-moenjodaramine

Family: Buxaceae

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(+)-homo-moenjodaramine

Caragana chamlague

Chemical: stilbene oligoneers,(+)-α-viniferin,

kobophenol

Family: Fabaceae

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stilbene oligoneers

Centella asiatica

Chemical: bornyl acetate, α-pinene,

β-pinene,γ- terpinene

Family: Apiaceae

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bornyl acetate γ- terpinene

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α-pinene,β-pinene

Marine sponge - Reniera sarai

Chemical: 3-alkyl pyridinium polymer type

compounds, parazoanthoxanthin A

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3-alkyl pyridinium

polymer type compoundsparazoanthoxanthin A

Micro organisms

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Aspergillus terreus

Chemical: territrems B

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territrems B

Penicillium sp.

Chemical: arisugacins A

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arisugacins A

Penicillium cyclopium

Chemical: cyclopenin

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cyclopenin

Fusarium tricinctum

Chemical: visoltricine

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visoltricine

Animal venom

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Green & Black mamba (Snake)

Chemical: fasciculins – peptides

Genus: Dendroaspis

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Monomorium minumum (Ant)

Chemical: 2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines

– alkaloidal tyoe of compound

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Thank you!!

“BE WITH US”