ANIMAL SCIENCE 320
Instructors
Dr. Cheryl L. Morris201D Kildee [email protected]
Dr. Jim Russell313 Kildee [email protected]
Graduate TA: Olivia Genther333 Kildee [email protected] 2:00 – 4:00 PM
Graduate TA: Matt O’Neil337C Kildee [email protected] 2:00 – 4:00 PM
Meeting Times and Locations
Monday and Wednesday Lectures: 8:00 – 8:50 AM Kildee 108
Wednesday Labs: 2:10 – 4:00 PM Kildee 25
Computer Lab Dates (Room 1): April 3 April 15 April 17 April 22April 24 April 29 May 1
Text
Animal Feeding and Nutrition, 11th Edition, Jurgens, Bregendahl, Coverdale, Hansen
SCHEDULEDate Lecture/Lab Topic Instructor1/14 Lecture Introduction. Reviewing nutrient digestion in nonruminant and ruminant
animalsC.Morris
1/16 Lecture Chemical analysis of feedstuffs C.Morris
1/16 Lab Calculating the composition of feedstuffs and diets C.Morris
1/21 No Class Martin Luther King Day
1/23 Lecture Determining the digestibility of feedstuffs C. Morris
1/23 Lab Energy systems for feedstuffs and applications for calculating feed intake or animal production
C. Morris
1/28 Lecture Energy feedstuffs J. Russell
1/30 Lecture Energy Supplements J. Russell
1/30 Lab Quiz 1. Feedstuff identification J. Russell
2/4 Lecture Protein supplements J. Russell
2/6 Lecture By-product feedstuffs J. Russell
2/6 Lab Basic Ration Formulation J. Russell
2/11 Lecture Forage species and quality J. Russell
2/13 Lecture Grazing systems J. Russell
2/13 Lab Exam 1
2/18 Lecture Harvested forages (Hay) J Russell
2/20 Lecture Harvested forages (Silages) J Russell
2/20 Lab Multiple Ingredient Ration Formulation J Russell
2/25 Lecture Mineral and vitamin supplements C. Morris
2/27 Lecture Feed additives C. Morris
2/27 Lab Formulating premixes C. Morris
SCHEDULEDate Lecture/Lab Topic Instructor3/4 Lecture Feed processing and mixing C. Morris
3/6 Lecture Feed processing and mixing C. Morris
3/6 Lab Quiz 2. Interpreting feed tags and regulations C. Morris
3/11 Lecture Companion Animals C. Morris
3/13 Lecture Companion Animals C. Morris
3/13 Lab Companion Animals C. Morris
3/25 Lecture Poultry M. Persia
3/27 Lecture Poultry M. Persia
3/27 Lab Poultry M. Persia
4/1 Lecture Horses C. Morris
4/3 Lecture Horses C. Morris
4/3 Lab Exam 2 C. Morris
4/8 Lecture Swine J. Patience
4/10 Lecture Swine J. Patience
4/10 Lab Swine J. Patience
4/15 Lecture Beef Cattle J. Russell
4/17 Lecture Beef Cattle J. Russell
4/17 Lab Beef Cattle J. Russell
4/22 Lecture Dairy Cattle J. Russell
4/24 Lecture Dairy Cattle J.Russell
4/24 Lab Quiz 3 & Dairy Cattle J. Russell
4/29 Lecture Small Ruminants (Goats/Sheep) D. Morrical
SCHEDULE
Date Lecture/Lab Topic Instructor5/1 Lecture Small Ruminants (Goats/Sheep) D. Morrical
5/1 Lab Exotics C. Morris
Final Exam (Exam #3)
EVALUATION AND GRADE SCALE
Item Number Points each Total points
Problem sets 12 25 300
Quizzes 3 33.3 100
Exams 3 100 300
Drop lowest total quiz or exam score -100 -100
Total 600
Grades %
A 93-100
A- 90-93
B+ 87-90
B 83-87
B- 80-83
C+ 77-80
C 73-77
C- 70-73
D+ 67-70
D 63-67
D- 60-63
F <60
Grading:
Reviewing Nutrient Digestion
• Chapter 1 – Review of Nutrients Pp. 3 - 63– Review of Digestion Pp. 63 – 77
• Non Ruminant• Ruminant
Types of Digestion
MechanicalChemicalEnzymatic
Fermentative
DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS REVIEW
Non-ruminant Digestive Tract
FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF THE NONRUMINANT DIGESTIVE TRACT
• Mouth– Prehension and mastication– Taste – Secretion of saliva
• Composition– Water– Mucin– Bicarbonate salts– Enzymes (some species)
• Stomach– Secretions
• Hydrochloric acid • Protease
– Pepsinogen → Pepsin
• Hormone– Gastrin
• Small intestine (2 main functions)– Secretions (From 3 locations)
1. Pancreas– Proteases
» Trypsinogen → Trypsin» Chymotrypsinogen → Chymotrypsin» Procarboxypeptidase → Carboxypeptidase
– Carbohydrase» Amylase
– Lipase» Lipase
2. Liver– Bile salts
3. Intestinal mucosa– Carbohydrases
» Maltase» Lactase» Sucrase
– Peptidases– Gut hormones
» Secretin» Cholecystokinin
– Absorption
• Large intestine – Structural carbohydrate fermentation
• Importance and size dependent on diet
• What is a structural carbohydrate that might be fermented in the large intestine vs. a carbohydrate that is not structural or fermented in the large intestine?
– Example?
REVIEW OF NONRUMINANT DIGESTION
Nutrient Mouth Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
Starchinitiates
digestion to maltose
Pancreatic amylase & intestinal maltase to
glucose
Disaccharides Intestinal disaccharidases to monosacharides
Structural carbohydrates
Fermented to:
Amylase
Volatile Fatty Acids
(VFA’s)
REVIEW OF NONRUMINANT DIGESTION
Nutrient Mouth Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
Protein and pepsin
peptides
Proteases (pancreas) dipeptidases
(intestine)
Lipids (Including fat-soluble vitamins)
Bile salts & pancreatic lipase to
monoglycerides, fatty acids, and fat-soluble
vitamins
Water soluble vitamins
Absorption Produced during
fermentation
HCL
Amino acids
AVIAN DIGESTIVE TRACT
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AVIAN AND NONRUMINANT MAMMALIAN DIGESTIVE TRACTS
• Mouth– Prehension of feed– No teeth– No amylase
• Esophagus– Has crop for feed storage
• Stomach– Proventriculus before feed is ground
• Gizzard– Grinds feed
• Small intestine– No lactase
• Large intestine – Small in most species
• Cloaca– Organ where feces mixed with urinary waste products
(Ventriculus)
(Ceca)
RUMINANT DIGESTIVE TRACT
FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF THE RUMINANT DIGESTIVE TRACT
• Mouth– Prehension of feed
• Lips and tongue– Chewing
• Eating and Rumination– Taste
• Avoidance– Secretion of saliva
• Secretion of buffers– NaHCO3 and NaH2PO4
– Maintain rumen pH• Recycling of N, Na, P, and water to rumen• Bloat prevention
• Esophagus– Involved in rumination and eructation
• Stomach– Reticulum, rumen & omasum
• Fermentation• Absorption of fermentation endproducts
– Abomasum• Secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen
• Small intestine– Similar to non-ruminant– No sucrase
• Large intestine– Similar to non-ruminant– More important in browsing species
CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS
Starch Structural CHO
Methane Undegraded Small intestine (Digestion similar to NR) Fermented
Volatile fatty acids (VFA)
Liver & peripheral tissues
Energy and fat synthesis
PROTEIN DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS
True protein NPN
Undegraded Small intestine Metabolizable Degraded proteinRecycled viasaliva (20% of dietary N) NH3 Microbial protein
NH3
Liver
Urea Kidney Excreted
LIPID DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS
Fat
Undegraded Small intestine (Digestion similar to NR) Degraded
Glycerol
VFA Long chain FA Saturated FA
Liver & peripheral tissues
Energy and fat synthesis
What is the primary volatile fatty acid produced in the rumen fed a high forage diet?
1. Acetic acid2. Butyric acid3. Lactic acid4. Conjugated linoleic acid5. Propionic acid