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Announcements• Papers are due this Friday at 11:59 PM
• Don’t wait until 11:59 PM to try and upload your paper. You might run into technical difficulties
• There were problems with plagiarism in the outlines
▫ this needs to be eliminated before you turn in your reports
▫check your Turnitin.com originality report.
• Read Guidelines about the required Appendix C of robot report – so you know what to do
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My robot project is this far
A. All done – robot leaves arena with green beacon
B. Can find green beacon – but can’t leave arena
C. Can find red beacon and turn it off – but can’t find green beacon
D. Can find red beacon but can’t turn it off
E. Cannot find red beacon
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Human Factors in DesignAppendix C of Robot Report
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Requirements for Appendix C
•1 page (400-500 words) for each member of the team
•Discuss how to modify the design of a companion robot to serve a child or a 65+ adult
•Base your design decisions on information from reliable literature (see examples in Canvas: Robot Module - Appendix C: Robot Readings)
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What are Human Factors (HF)?
And why do engineers need to be concerned about them?
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Human Factors is the application of knowledge about human characteristics to design
•Physical▫Strength, size, reaction time, endurance,
frailty, eyesight, fine motor skills•Social/Emotional/Cultural
▫User preferences (simplicity, reliability, aesthetics, safety, cost, etc.), culturally-based behaviors (reading, speaking), acceptance
•Cognitive▫Understanding cause and effect, user
interface, interpreting emotions and intentions
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Human factors design principles
Senses- Vision - Hearing
Psychomotor- Hands
Input Devices- Buttons
Output- Display - Sound
INTERFACE
US Department of Veteran Affairs
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Human Factors also acknowledge that humans are fallible.., people make mistakes!
So why consider Human Factors?
•Improve efficiency •Ensure safety•Increase human performance (i.e.,
productivity)•Minimize costs (economic, legal, social)Especially critical to space/air, nuclear and healthcare industries
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Human Factors design considerations affect product effectiveness, safety, and ultimately, desirability.
Source: FDA Medical Device Use-Safety
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Example: Healthcare-related technology is rapidly growing
You hope Human Factors were considered in the design of this equipment
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Human Factors (ergonomics) integrates knowledge from multiple fields
•Engineering•Psychology•Physiology/Kinesiology•Biology•Anthropology
SJSU has a human factors program in the Industrial and Systems Engineering department
Source: Integrated Safety Management, Berkeley Labwikipedia
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Which would not be considered a Human Factor to be addressed?
A. Limited memory
B. Fatigue
C. Illness
D. Cultural
E. None of the above
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Discuss with your neighbor how human factors were included in the IDEO shopping cart design.
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Physical Domain – Consider human scale
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The relationship between stress and performance
Stress level
Area of “optimum”
stress
Low stress Boredom
High stress Anxiety, panic
Perf
orm
an
ce l
eve
l
Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908) The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation.
Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482
Physical Domain: Consider Effects of Stress
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Physical Domain – Consider Anthropometric Data – For example reach
Source: http://www.mccauslandco.com/
Source: http://openacademyofknowledge.wikispaces.com/
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Physical Domain – Consider Developmental Capabilities
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Physical Domain – Assistive Technology
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Social Domain – Cultural Norms
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Social/Emotional
•Follows Social Conventions▫Getting on elevator – wait
your turn•Can respond to human
signals▫Change of voice (e.g. express
sympathy when you are tired)
▫Response to violent behavior
Bandit-II used in hospitals
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Social/Emotional•Match robot personality to that of user
Source: Tapus (2008)
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Social/Emotional
•Human but not too human – “uncanny valley”
Source: pinktentacle.com
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Cognitive Domain – What do users perceive?See Woods paper
Friendly?
Unfriendly?
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Cognitive Domain – What do users perceive?See Woods paper
Can talk?Can’t talk?
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Cognitive Domain - Compatibility
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Cognitive Domain – Sometimes we think too much….
•Look at the chart•Say the color of the word, not the word
itself Optillusions.com
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Attention to which Human Factors in the workplace could help reduce errors?
A. Avoiding reliance on memory
B. Making things more visible
C. Simplifying processes or procedures
D. Making equipment easy to operate
E. All of the above
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Discuss some ways you might modify an assistive robot for the two audiences
Source: http://www.robaid.com/