Download - Architecture in Motion
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ARCHITECTURE IN MOTIONKHAN ASIM REHMANI MOIN HASAN
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Historically, a building's success has been judged depending onthe ability to survive time and nature ravages but also bysatisfying changing human needs and desires as well as thechanging surrounding environments.
KEY ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE IN MOTION
FLUID ARCHITECTURE
KINETIC ARCHITECTURE
DYNAMIC ARCHITECTURE
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FLUID ARCHITECTURE
It is philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human
habitation and the natural world
Design approaches so sympathetic and well integrated with its site, that
buildings, furnishings, and surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated
composition.
The theme park, located near the Emirate'sYas Marina racing circuit, is spread over
86,000 square metres (925,696 square
feet), while its massive red roof covers
200,000 square metres (2.15 million
square feet), and features the world'slargest Ferrari prancing horse shield
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy -
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KINETIC ARCHITECTURE
Kinetic architecture is a concept through which buildings are designed to allow
parts of the structure to move, without reducing overall structural integrity.
A building's capability for motion can be used just to:
- Enhance its aesthetic qualities.
- Respond to environmental conditions.
- Perform functions that would be impossible for a static structure.
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HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
The invention of the wheel was the motive of using kineticism in architecture.
Adaption and mobility were first seen architecturally as movable stones, logs, orskins covering cave or hut openings.
An intriguingly simple device invented by Thomas Jefferson for his home to allow both doors to
open simultaneously whenever any is opened. As the device was concealed beneath the floor, its
principle was not known until it was uncovered in 1953 (Zuk, 1970, P. 29).
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CASE STUDY-KINETIC ARCHITECTURE
Villa Girasole
As Girasole means sunflower, the villa
traces the movement of the sun byrotating so that its front will always face
the sun. The two storey (L) shaped villa
rests on a 44 meter in diameter circular
masonry base where the track that it
revolves on is located.
VILLA GIRASOLE 1930 Verzona, ItalyAngelo Invernizzi, Romolo Carapacchi, FaustoSaccorotti, and architect Ettore Fagiuoli
Lower floor plan where the villa can rotate 360degrees over rail tracks
Structural frame showing thespiral staircase as well as the tracks
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Kinetic Trends in Architectural
Environments
Kinetics is divided into two categories:
1. Pragmatic
On one hand, pragmatic applicationsconcerned with solving problems,
optimizing solutions, and implying
space efficiency, shelter, security
transportation,safety and economics.
1. HumanisticOn the other hand, humanistic are
concerned with the physical and
psychological effect of the
architectural environments' changes
upon their users.
Example-Interlocking Transformation
The project aimed to create a responsive interior space
configured by the users of a specific flight and could be
partially reconfigured in-flight. The interior is divided
into three resizable sectors equipped with the technical
and the physical apparatus necessary for various parts
of the program .
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The Bloomframe Hofman Dujardin Architects
The Bloomframe is a window frame that can be transformed into a balcony. The system
provides additional outdoor space for compact apartments, offices as well as hotel units.
The system is made of steel, glass and aluminium. It consists of three components the
maximum width is 3 meters.
The system can be installed to new as well as existing facades.
The Bloomframe can be automatically operated and single control that can open it in just
15 seconds open position is limited mechanically, and an optional infrared detection
during electrical movements is installed.
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Contextual Adaptability
The aim of contextual adaptability is creating
buildings that can deal with changes in site
conditions that occur beyond codes and
regulations and through flexibility built into thearchitecture itself.
Contextual issues in architecture are categorized
into three areas: form(space, shape, scale, and
materials),activity patterns, and climatic
patterns.
Contextual adaptability will focus upon form and
climatic patterns.
As contextual architecture confirms the
continuity of the present with the past , buildings
should have the built-in life-cycle ability to adapt
to long-term changes that occur over time such as
changes in the built environment, traffic patterns,
wind currents, etc.
Natural environments should be considered in
buildings equal to the architecture of historic
buildings already present in an area through a
comprehensive contextual approach.
Convertible umbrellas for the courts of the Prophet's
Holy Mosque in an opened and closed state (SL-
RASCH-GMPH, N/D).
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Mobility
Mobile architecture is used in wars for
encampments and hospitals, it is also used for
world expositions, concerts, and street fairs
where function is greatly needed.
Mobile buildings are characterized by theirability to be easily constructed, deconstructed,
moved from place to place, reassembled, and
stored.
Lighting, thermal performance, acoustics as
well as waterproofing are factors that
determine the mobile building life-cycle.
Mobile architecture is also designed and
implemented for a diverse range of life-cycles,
which has implications on everything from
materials to connections and ultimately the
costs.
Some projects are designed as an alternative to
the financial problems of fixed living such as
high land prices. Others are designed as
emergency residence.
Even hotels are being designed to be mobile
with rooms that can be taken or delivered.
Figure 22: Mobile Dwelling Unit, the container plan while
sub-volumes pushed out (fabprefab, N/D).
Figure 23: Mobile Dwelling Unit. (a) An exterior view while
MDU in an opened state (Gardiner, 2003,P. 132). (b) An
exterior view while the MDU in a closed state (Block, 2011).
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KINETIC BUILDINGS' ANALYSIS
Institut du Monde Arabe:
General Information:
a. Completion Year: Construction completed in
1987.
b. Architect: The project is designed by Jean Nouvel.c. Building Cost: 47,500,000 USD (52,000,000
Euro)
approximately.
d. Introduction:
Institut du Monde Arabe (Figure 33) is built in
Paris, France. It is conceived as one of the new
architectural landmarks of the capital.
A first project had been prepared for that site for
Institut du Monde Arabe and was designed by
architect Henry Bernard.
In the Institut du Monde Arabe, Jean Nouvel used
Mashrabiya units.
Mashrabiya is a type of a window cover that
consists of combinations of backdrop of cut wood
and latticework patterns
The architect combined the need for sun shading
with a "Mashrabiyapattern and the idea of a lightcontrolling diaphragm in a camera lens.
Institut du Monde Arabe
The Muscles Tower while activated (Detwiler, 2006).
An external view for the flat southern faade of Institut du
Monde Arabe shows the"Mashrabiya Diaphragms" that
were used (IMA, 2001).
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KINETIC BUILDINGS' ANALYSIS
Kinetic Elements:
The flat southern facade is composed of 240
squares panels reproducing vertically the
horizontal pattern of the parvis. Constituted of 16320 kinetic modules, these
diaphragms consist of lozenges, squares,
hexagons, circles and combination of them
whose reflection matches the mosaic
patterns on the Institut's floors
The mashrabiya unites are functioning as
diaphragms of a camera shutter.
These metallic irises filter the sunlight
through the glazed surface, allowing 10% m
to 30% of the light to be kept.
All of the mashrabiya diaphragms are linkedtogether and controlled by photo-voltaic
cells that close or open them depending on
the intensity of sunlight on that part of the
faade.
An external view for the flat southern faade of Institut duMonde Arabe shows the"Mashrabiya Diaphragms" that
were used (IMA, 2001).
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Dynamic Tower, Dubai U.A.E.:General Information:
a. Completion Year: The tower was originally scheduled
to open in 2010. Although the construction of the tower
did not start until now, the architect insists that the reason
is due to delays in land approvals not in financing and/ortechnical problems.
b. Architect: The tower is designed by Dynamic
Architecture Group.
c. Building Cost: The tower will cost approximately 700
million USD.
e. Location:
The tower is planned to be located in Dubai, UAE. The architect aims to create a safer building that can
last and resist for a longer time by building the
Dynamic Tower.
The tower will be 420 m (1380 ft) tall. It is designed
to be self powered by sun and wind as well as being
industrialized making it sustainable and smart.
There will be 79 wind turbine systems installed
horizontally.
Photovoltaic solar cells will be installed on the roof of
each floor to produce solar energy. The Dynamic
Tower is made up of 80 pre-fabricated floors.
The retail space is located in the first lower 20 floors,
while the hotel takes place in the next 15 floors.
(a) Drawing representing the installation of wind turbines
and the way they are involved in
the design concept (Dynamic Architecture, N/D). (b)
Drawing representing the use of solar panels ontop of each rotating floor (Dynamic Architecture, N/D)
A perspective for the Dynamic Tower (DynamicArchitecture, N/D)
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Building Components:
The residential part of the tower is located in the top
45 floors, 35 floors are dedicated for apartments
while the top 10 floors are for luxurious villa-style
apartments (Figure a,b).
The residential space will range in size from 124 m2
(1330 ft2) for apartments to 1200 m2 (12900 ft2) for
villas and all are with a parking space inside.
Kinetic Elements:
The Dynamic Tower consists of 80 floors that rotate
creating the first kinetic element in the tower.
The second element is the 79 wind turbines located
between each of those floors. While the tower's wind turbines produce energy, the
floors may rotate to fulfill their users' desires of
changing views or to follow sun and light to produce
energy.
Structural System:
The Dynamic Tower will be pre-fabricated and
industrialized.
The tower central core will be constructed on-site is.
Each of the tower floors will consist of 12 modules
that will be fully built in factory.
(a) Drawing representing the installation of wind turbines
(b) Drawing representing the use of solar panels on
top of each rotating floor
Dynamic Tower floor plans (DynamicArchitecture, N/D).
Dynamic Tower floor plans (DynamicArchitecture, N/D).
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Milwaukee Art Museum "Quadracci Pavilion":
General Information:
a. Completion Year: Building was completed in 2001.
b. Architect: Extension is designed by Santiago Calatrava.
c. Building Cost: Construction cost approximately 122 million USD.
Introduction: The Museum is located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. The museum is located on the lakefront of
Michigan Lake in Milwaukee.
The Milwaukee Art Museum (MAM) project features the new Santiago Calatrava designed Quadracci
pavilion renovated and reinstalled galleries in existing.
Museum buildings designed by Eero Saarinen (1957) and David Kahler (1975).
The Milwaukee Art Museum (MAM) commissioned Santiago Calatrava to design a 58,000 square foot
addition to the Museum in 1994.Dynamic Tower floor plans (DynamicArchitecture, N/D).
Figure 52: An external view for the Milwaukee Art Museum
Quadracci Pavilion (Smith, 2007).
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Kinetic Elements:
The Museums signature wings, the Burke Brise
Soleil, form a moveable sunscreen with a 217-foot
wingspan. The brise soleil is made up of 72 steel fins
ranging in length from 26 to 105 feet.
The entire structure weighs 90 tons. The expansion of
the Milwaukee Art Museum added a sense of
sensitivity to the culture of the lake , the boats, the
sails and the ever changing landscape.
Concept:
Calatrava, inspired by the dramatic, original building
by Eero Saarinen, the topography of the city.
Frank Lloyd Wrights Prairie-style architecture,initially proposed a small addition,
A pedestrian bridge connecting the Museum to
downtown. The hallschancel is shaped like the prow
of a ship, with floor-to-ceiling windows looking over
Lake Michigan.
Building Components:
The Quadracci Pavilion incorporates three major
components: a central building, the Burke Brise-
Soleil an immense movable wing-like structure
and a cable-stayed pedestrian bridge.
The 142,050-square-foot Quadracci Pavilion was
planned to primarily contain public spaces. Water color sketch featuring the Quadracci PavilionCALATRAVA, N/D-a). (b) A water color sketch featuring the
pedestrian bridge
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