architecture in motion

8/13/2019 Architecture in Motion

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ARCHITECTURE IN MOTIONKHAN ASIM REHMANI MOIN HASAN


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Historically, a building's success has been judged depending onthe ability to survive time and nature ravages but also bysatisfying changing human needs and desires as well as thechanging surrounding environments.

KEY ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE IN MOTION

FLUID ARCHITECTURE

KINETIC ARCHITECTURE

DYNAMIC ARCHITECTURE


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FLUID ARCHITECTURE

It is philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human

habitation and the natural world

Design approaches so sympathetic and well integrated with its site, that

buildings, furnishings, and surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated

composition.

The theme park, located near the Emirate'sYas Marina racing circuit, is spread over

86,000 square metres (925,696 square

feet), while its massive red roof covers

200,000 square metres (2.15 million

square feet), and features the world'slargest Ferrari prancing horse shield
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy


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KINETIC ARCHITECTURE

Kinetic architecture is a concept through which buildings are designed to allow

parts of the structure to move, without reducing overall structural integrity.

A building's capability for motion can be used just to:

- Enhance its aesthetic qualities.

- Respond to environmental conditions.

- Perform functions that would be impossible for a static structure.


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HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

The invention of the wheel was the motive of using kineticism in architecture.

Adaption and mobility were first seen architecturally as movable stones, logs, orskins covering cave or hut openings.

An intriguingly simple device invented by Thomas Jefferson for his home to allow both doors to

open simultaneously whenever any is opened. As the device was concealed beneath the floor, its

principle was not known until it was uncovered in 1953 (Zuk, 1970, P. 29).


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CASE STUDY-KINETIC ARCHITECTURE

Villa Girasole

As Girasole means sunflower, the villa

traces the movement of the sun byrotating so that its front will always face

the sun. The two storey (L) shaped villa

rests on a 44 meter in diameter circular

masonry base where the track that it

revolves on is located.

VILLA GIRASOLE 1930 Verzona, ItalyAngelo Invernizzi, Romolo Carapacchi, FaustoSaccorotti, and architect Ettore Fagiuoli

Lower floor plan where the villa can rotate 360degrees over rail tracks

Structural frame showing thespiral staircase as well as the tracks


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Kinetic Trends in Architectural

Environments

Kinetics is divided into two categories:

1. Pragmatic

On one hand, pragmatic applicationsconcerned with solving problems,

optimizing solutions, and implying

space efficiency, shelter, security

transportation,safety and economics.

1. HumanisticOn the other hand, humanistic are

concerned with the physical and

psychological effect of the

architectural environments' changes

upon their users.

Example-Interlocking Transformation

The project aimed to create a responsive interior space

configured by the users of a specific flight and could be

partially reconfigured in-flight. The interior is divided

into three resizable sectors equipped with the technical

and the physical apparatus necessary for various parts

of the program .


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The Bloomframe Hofman Dujardin Architects

The Bloomframe is a window frame that can be transformed into a balcony. The system

provides additional outdoor space for compact apartments, offices as well as hotel units.

The system is made of steel, glass and aluminium. It consists of three components the

maximum width is 3 meters.

The system can be installed to new as well as existing facades.

The Bloomframe can be automatically operated and single control that can open it in just

15 seconds open position is limited mechanically, and an optional infrared detection

during electrical movements is installed.


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Contextual Adaptability

The aim of contextual adaptability is creating

buildings that can deal with changes in site

conditions that occur beyond codes and

regulations and through flexibility built into thearchitecture itself.

Contextual issues in architecture are categorized

into three areas: form(space, shape, scale, and

materials),activity patterns, and climatic

patterns.

Contextual adaptability will focus upon form and

climatic patterns.

As contextual architecture confirms the

continuity of the present with the past , buildings

should have the built-in life-cycle ability to adapt

to long-term changes that occur over time such as

changes in the built environment, traffic patterns,

wind currents, etc.

Natural environments should be considered in

buildings equal to the architecture of historic

buildings already present in an area through a

comprehensive contextual approach.

Convertible umbrellas for the courts of the Prophet's

Holy Mosque in an opened and closed state (SL-

RASCH-GMPH, N/D).


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Mobility

Mobile architecture is used in wars for

encampments and hospitals, it is also used for

world expositions, concerts, and street fairs

where function is greatly needed.

Mobile buildings are characterized by theirability to be easily constructed, deconstructed,

moved from place to place, reassembled, and

stored.

Lighting, thermal performance, acoustics as

well as waterproofing are factors that

determine the mobile building life-cycle.

Mobile architecture is also designed and

implemented for a diverse range of life-cycles,

which has implications on everything from

materials to connections and ultimately the

costs.

Some projects are designed as an alternative to

the financial problems of fixed living such as

high land prices. Others are designed as

emergency residence.

Even hotels are being designed to be mobile

with rooms that can be taken or delivered.

Figure 22: Mobile Dwelling Unit, the container plan while

sub-volumes pushed out (fabprefab, N/D).

Figure 23: Mobile Dwelling Unit. (a) An exterior view while

MDU in an opened state (Gardiner, 2003,P. 132). (b) An

exterior view while the MDU in a closed state (Block, 2011).


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KINETIC BUILDINGS' ANALYSIS

Institut du Monde Arabe:

General Information:

a. Completion Year: Construction completed in

1987.

b. Architect: The project is designed by Jean Nouvel.c. Building Cost: 47,500,000 USD (52,000,000

Euro)

approximately.

d. Introduction:

Institut du Monde Arabe (Figure 33) is built in

Paris, France. It is conceived as one of the new

architectural landmarks of the capital.

A first project had been prepared for that site for

Institut du Monde Arabe and was designed by

architect Henry Bernard.

In the Institut du Monde Arabe, Jean Nouvel used

Mashrabiya units.

Mashrabiya is a type of a window cover that

consists of combinations of backdrop of cut wood

and latticework patterns

The architect combined the need for sun shading

with a "Mashrabiyapattern and the idea of a lightcontrolling diaphragm in a camera lens.

Institut du Monde Arabe

The Muscles Tower while activated (Detwiler, 2006).

An external view for the flat southern faade of Institut du

Monde Arabe shows the"Mashrabiya Diaphragms" that

were used (IMA, 2001).


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KINETIC BUILDINGS' ANALYSIS

Kinetic Elements:

The flat southern facade is composed of 240

squares panels reproducing vertically the

horizontal pattern of the parvis. Constituted of 16320 kinetic modules, these

diaphragms consist of lozenges, squares,

hexagons, circles and combination of them

whose reflection matches the mosaic

patterns on the Institut's floors

The mashrabiya unites are functioning as

diaphragms of a camera shutter.

These metallic irises filter the sunlight

through the glazed surface, allowing 10% m

to 30% of the light to be kept.

All of the mashrabiya diaphragms are linkedtogether and controlled by photo-voltaic

cells that close or open them depending on

the intensity of sunlight on that part of the

faade.

An external view for the flat southern faade of Institut duMonde Arabe shows the"Mashrabiya Diaphragms" that

were used (IMA, 2001).


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Dynamic Tower, Dubai U.A.E.:General Information:

a. Completion Year: The tower was originally scheduled

to open in 2010. Although the construction of the tower

did not start until now, the architect insists that the reason

is due to delays in land approvals not in financing and/ortechnical problems.

b. Architect: The tower is designed by Dynamic

Architecture Group.

c. Building Cost: The tower will cost approximately 700

million USD.

e. Location:

The tower is planned to be located in Dubai, UAE. The architect aims to create a safer building that can

last and resist for a longer time by building the

Dynamic Tower.

The tower will be 420 m (1380 ft) tall. It is designed

to be self powered by sun and wind as well as being

industrialized making it sustainable and smart.

There will be 79 wind turbine systems installed

horizontally.

Photovoltaic solar cells will be installed on the roof of

each floor to produce solar energy. The Dynamic

Tower is made up of 80 pre-fabricated floors.

The retail space is located in the first lower 20 floors,

while the hotel takes place in the next 15 floors.

(a) Drawing representing the installation of wind turbines

and the way they are involved in

the design concept (Dynamic Architecture, N/D). (b)

Drawing representing the use of solar panels ontop of each rotating floor (Dynamic Architecture, N/D)

A perspective for the Dynamic Tower (DynamicArchitecture, N/D)


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Building Components:

The residential part of the tower is located in the top

45 floors, 35 floors are dedicated for apartments

while the top 10 floors are for luxurious villa-style

apartments (Figure a,b).

The residential space will range in size from 124 m2

(1330 ft2) for apartments to 1200 m2 (12900 ft2) for

villas and all are with a parking space inside.

Kinetic Elements:

The Dynamic Tower consists of 80 floors that rotate

creating the first kinetic element in the tower.

The second element is the 79 wind turbines located

between each of those floors. While the tower's wind turbines produce energy, the

floors may rotate to fulfill their users' desires of

changing views or to follow sun and light to produce

energy.

Structural System:

The Dynamic Tower will be pre-fabricated and

industrialized.

The tower central core will be constructed on-site is.

Each of the tower floors will consist of 12 modules

that will be fully built in factory.

(a) Drawing representing the installation of wind turbines

(b) Drawing representing the use of solar panels on

top of each rotating floor

Dynamic Tower floor plans (DynamicArchitecture, N/D).

Dynamic Tower floor plans (DynamicArchitecture, N/D).


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Milwaukee Art Museum "Quadracci Pavilion":

General Information:

a. Completion Year: Building was completed in 2001.

b. Architect: Extension is designed by Santiago Calatrava.

c. Building Cost: Construction cost approximately 122 million USD.

Introduction: The Museum is located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. The museum is located on the lakefront of

Michigan Lake in Milwaukee.

The Milwaukee Art Museum (MAM) project features the new Santiago Calatrava designed Quadracci

pavilion renovated and reinstalled galleries in existing.

Museum buildings designed by Eero Saarinen (1957) and David Kahler (1975).

The Milwaukee Art Museum (MAM) commissioned Santiago Calatrava to design a 58,000 square foot

addition to the Museum in 1994.Dynamic Tower floor plans (DynamicArchitecture, N/D).

Figure 52: An external view for the Milwaukee Art Museum

Quadracci Pavilion (Smith, 2007).


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Kinetic Elements:

The Museums signature wings, the Burke Brise

Soleil, form a moveable sunscreen with a 217-foot

wingspan. The brise soleil is made up of 72 steel fins

ranging in length from 26 to 105 feet.

The entire structure weighs 90 tons. The expansion of

the Milwaukee Art Museum added a sense of

sensitivity to the culture of the lake , the boats, the

sails and the ever changing landscape.

Concept:

Calatrava, inspired by the dramatic, original building

by Eero Saarinen, the topography of the city.

Frank Lloyd Wrights Prairie-style architecture,initially proposed a small addition,

A pedestrian bridge connecting the Museum to

downtown. The hallschancel is shaped like the prow

of a ship, with floor-to-ceiling windows looking over

Lake Michigan.

Building Components:

The Quadracci Pavilion incorporates three major

components: a central building, the Burke Brise-

Soleil an immense movable wing-like structure

and a cable-stayed pedestrian bridge.

The 142,050-square-foot Quadracci Pavilion was

planned to primarily contain public spaces. Water color sketch featuring the Quadracci PavilionCALATRAVA, N/D-a). (b) A water color sketch featuring the

pedestrian bridge


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architecture in motion

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