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ASPECTS OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE 2SEPT 04, 2013 – DAY 4
Brain & LanguageLING 4110-4890-5110-7960NSCI 4110-4891-6110Harry HowardTulane University
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Course organization• The syllabus, these slides and my recordings are
available at http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/LING4110/• Honors option• Measure your heads!
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ReviewDesign features of language
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ASPECTS OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCEIngram §2 Phonetics
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Three systems involved in speech production
Respiratory
Laryngeal
Supralaryngeal
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Supralaryngeal system
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How to represent these sounds• How do you pronounce this word?
• “ghoti”• enough [f]• women [I]• solution [ʃ]• [fIʃ]
• What can you conclude from this exercise?• the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
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Consonant featurespaired by voicing: voiceless ~ voiced
Place/Manner
Bilabial Labio-dental
Inter-dental
Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop p b t d k g ʔ
Nasal m n ŋ
Affricate ʧ ʤ
Fricative f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
Liquid l,r
Glide ʍ w y ʍ w
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What you should know• The places of articulation:
• Bilabial, Labiodental, Interdental, Alveolar, Palatal, Velar, Glottal• The manners of articulation
• Stop or Plosive, Nasal, Affricate, Fricative, Liquid, Glide or Semi-consonant
• The two features for voicing, voiced and voiceless.• You don’t need to memorize all of the symbols.
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IPA English vowels
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What you should know• The features
• Vertical: front, middle, back• Horizontal: open or high, mid open, mid closed, closed or low.
• You don’t need to memorize all of the symbols.
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Summary• Standard written language is a distorted version of spoken
language.• The IPA overcomes these distortions, and its organization
tells us something about how speech is articulation.• But all this is just a description of speech.• The next step is to understand how speech is organized.
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ASPECTS OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCEIngram §2 Phonology
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How do you pronounce these words?bilabial stops
alveolar stops
velar stops
pin tin kin
spin stink skin
nip nit nick
bin din begin
sbin sdin sgin
nib bid big
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[pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] - voiceless aspirated[p, t, k] - voiceless[p˺, t˺, k˺] - voiceless unreleased[b, d, g] - voiced[*b, *d, *g] - ungrammatical voiced[b, d, g] - voiced
How many voiceless stops does English have?
Can words be distinguished by aspiration or lack of release?
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The answer is …
9/4/13 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
/p, t, k/
[pʰ, tʰ, kʰ]at the beginning
of a syllable[p?, t?, k?]
at the end of a word[p, t, k]
everywhere else
these are phonemes; realm of phonology and distinctive features
these are phones or allophones; realm of phonetics and non-distinctive features
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NEXT TIMEIngram §2 Prosody – Do exercises that I will send you.
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