Download - Augmented Information Assimilation: Social and Algorithmic Web Aids for the Information Long Tail
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Augmented !information assimilation:!
social and algorithmic web aids for the information long tail
Brynn M. Evans Stuart K. Card UCSD PARC
April 9, 2008 CHI 2008: Florence, Italy
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1 10
100 1,000
10,000 100,000
1,000,000 10,000,000
100,000,000 1,000,000,000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Year
Meg
abits
Global per capita content
Human Long-term Memory Capacity
• 600 Million GB of information/year → 36 Billion GB by 2009 • 93% is digital • ~8 Billion public web pages already
information overload?
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information abundance!
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Source: http://longtail.com
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economics of abundance
Herbert Simon
“ … A rabbit-rich world is a lettuce-poor world, and vice versa.
The obverse of a population problem is a scarcity problem, hence a resource-allocation problem. There is only so much lettuce to go around, and it will have to be allocated somehow among the rabbits …
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economics of abundance
Herbert Simon
Similarly, in an information-rich world, the wealth of information means a dearth of something else: a scarcity of whatever it is that information consumes.
What information consumes is rather obvious; it consumes the attention of its recipients.
Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention, and a need to allocate efficiently among the overabundance of information sources !that might consume it. ”
Simple way to measure attention is time spent on something.
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conserving attention A
lgo
rith
mic
Bo
ost
Social Boost
Search engines…
Social bookmarking…
Aggregated blog sites…
RSS aggregators…
Recommendation systems! (amazon.com)
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How are people using these technologies to augment their
everyday information assimilation?
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The SEIC model (Nonaka & Takeuchi)
Tacit knowledge becomes explicit by observing technology usage in the context of a task.
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subject sample
N = 11, 3 females
age range: 18-43 mean age: 31 yrs
half professionals half students
demographics primary systems (#users)
del.icio.us (3) Ma.gnolia (2) Simpy (1)
Google Notebook (2) Scrapbook (1)
Google Reader (1)
MediaWiki (1)
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recording sessions
in the laboratory from the home
in lab at home combined
Total: mins (hrs) 185.5 (3.1) 421.7 (46.9) 607.2 (10.1)
mean 23.2 mins 46.9 mins 55.2 mins
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interviews
Source: Eelco Kruidenier
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coding video
Browsing Identifying item(s) to be examined more closely
Reading Examining the content of an article or website
Annotating Publishing an item to another source (e.g., saving, annotating, tagging, rating, starring, etc.)
Sharing Sharing information directly (e.g., email, IM)
Other Waiting for pages to load; closing browser tabs (“house-keeping”); starting/stopping the recording
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coding a segment of video…
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coding a segment of video…
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System categories: Web applications:
syndication feed readers
algorithmic news clusterers
social news systems
social bookmarking systems
snippet aggregators
micro-blogging services
wikis
systems
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correlations
sharing
browsing
reading annotating
other
browsing annotating other
reading -0.03 -0.71 -0.51 browsing -0.29 -0.48 annotating -0.03
people do more than just read
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small number of general, online tasks
staying up-to-date
monitoring specific topics
specific searches
refinding old information
social distribution and influence
e.g., looking at news, Flickr photos
e.g., furniture on Craigslist, updates on the iPhone
e.g., e-discovery, rugby, hotels
e.g., last year’s poster tips
e.g., sharing information with various communities
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information diet conforms to a personal long tail
PEJ News Index PEJ user-mediated
systems Our Study
(1) Foreign (2) Disasters (3) US Foreign Affairs (4) Immigration (5) Government
(1) Technology (2) Lifestyle (3) Business (4) Foreign (5) Crime
(1) Technology (2) Lifestyle (3) Business (4) Government (5) Foreign
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long tail information diet
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basic process of information assimilation
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intention: saving for self
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intention: self + others
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intention: sharing with others
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lowering system costs increases sharing
Ma.gnolia
Ma.gnolia
Google Reader
Media Wiki Google Notebook
Google Notebook
intended recipient:
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conclusions
Information assimilation is more than foraging,
also organizing and sharing
People use social and algorithmic tools
to reduce attention to take advantage
of information abundance
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conclusions
transactional costs --
user participation ++
social filtering ++ attentional costs --
information assimilation ++