BACTERIA

Courtesy of: http://4.bp.blogspot.com

PROTIST

Courtesy of: www.cbu.edu

FUNGI

Courtesy of www.biocourseware.com

PLANTS

http://www.bchs.k12.va.us

ANIMALS

Courtesy of: http://visual.merriam-webster.com

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Levels of Organization

Individual Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems-> Organism

Courtesy of: http://academic.kellogg.edu

Why Cells?

• cells are the basic units of life• Robert Hooke (mid 1600s) observed cork

under a microscope • came up with the term “cells”• was reminded of monastery rooms

Courtesy of: http://www.smithlifescience.com

History of Cells

• Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (late 1600s)– would grind up lenses and construct early

microscopes– first recorded observations of bacteria from the

plaque of his teeth (animalcules)

Courtesy of: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu

Cell Theory

-1838 -1839Schleiden (plants) & Schwann (animals)

1) All living things are composed of cells.Lead to:

2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

-1855Virchow

3) New cells are produced from existing cells.

Spontaneous Generation

• SG: belief that non-living objects can give rise to living organisms

• 1668: Redi’s meat/maggot experiment• Proved SG was wrong

Courtesy of: http://biology.clc.uc.edu

Cell Size

• Small! • 1 to 100 micrometers

• 1 um = .001 mm

• Surface area/volume ratio limits size• Exchanges nutrients and waste through

diffusion

https://ca7science.wikispaces.com

2 Types of Cells

PROKARYOTES• “before the nucleus”• nucleoid is not separated

from cytoplasm by a membrane

• Eubacteria and archaea• Smaller (< 5 um)

EUKARYOTES• “true nucleus”• animals, plants, fungi,

protists• Larger (10 - 100 um)• membrane bound

Organelles

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes• Bacteria• Protists

• Fungi

• Plants

• Animals

Cell Membrane

• isolates the cell contents from the environment

• regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell

• allows communication with other cells • Seen in all cell types

Courtesy of: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://

Nucleus

• control center for cells• contains DNA and

chromosomes• membrane bound• only in eukaryotes

Courtesy of: http://upload.wikimedia.org

Mitochondria

• Produce energy by aerobic respiration• Powerhouse of the cell• Generates ATP • Eukaryotic structure• unique DNA

Courtesy of: http://www.google.com/

Cell Wall

• Protects and supports the cell• Absent in animal cells

Courtesy of:http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://biology.unm.edu

Chloroplast

• Essential for photosynthesis• Plants use sunlight energy to convert carbon dioxide and

water to glucose & oxygen• contains Chlorophyll (pigment that absorbs sunlight) • PLANTS only• unique DNA

Courtesy of: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu

Vacuoles

• PLANTS – central vacuole that contains water and waste – also helps the cell support heavy structures

ANIMALS – smaller vacuoles and vesicles for food storage, water,and waste

Courtesy of: http://www.progressivegardens.com

Plants vs. Animals

Plants vs. Animals

Plants

- cell walls- large central vacuole- chloroplasts

Animals

- centrioles- smaller vacuoles- lysosomes- cilia - flagella

Cell Structures – Group Activity• Nucleus• Nucleolus• Nuclear envelope• Chromatin & Chromosomes• Ribosomes• Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)• Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)• Cilia• flagella

• Golgi Apparatus• Lysosomes• Vacuole• Mitochondria• Chloroplasts• Cytoskeleton• Cell membrane • Cell Wall• Centrioles