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Day 128: The Great Depression and the New DealBaltimore Polytechnic Institute
March 19, 2012A.P. U.S. History
Mr. Green
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Objectives: Students will analyze New Deal legislation by evaluating the
effectiveness of New Deal policies.
AP FocusThe first hundred days of Roosevelt’s presidency witness
a torrent of executive and legislative programs, acts, and policies that attempt to deal with the Great Depression and to reform the economic system, so that the nation will never again experience such a devastating economic collapse.
To jumpstart the economy, Roosevelt institutes an inflationary policy in which deficit spending is used to create jobs. It is hoped that this will reduce the number of people needing government aid and increase consumer spending, further stimulating demand and, consequently, higher employment. Income would be taxed to help defray the cost of federally funded jobs.
The Great Depression and the New Deal
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CHAPTER THEMESRoosevelt’s New Deal tackled the
Great Depression with massive federal programs designed to bring about relief, recovery, and reform.
Chapter Focus
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The Vanquished and the Victor-How is the outgoing President and President-elect portrayed?
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Closed the banks from March 6-10Special Session of Congress-1st 100 daysRelief, Recovery, and ReformRubber stamp Congress-legislative authority given to the
PresidentNew Dealers used European modelsEmergency Banking Relief Act of 1933
President has power to regulate banks transactions/foreign exchange/reopen solvent banks
Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act of 1933split commercial and investment bankingFDIC
Federal Securities ActSEC
1st New Deal
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Bank Failures Before and After the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act of 1933-Explain the cause (s) of the change in the data
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Removed the U.S. from the Gold StandardIncreased inflation by buying gold with paper currency
Roosevelt set the price of goldReturned to gold for international trade in Feb 1934JobsCivilian Conservation Corps, TVAFederal Emergency Relief Act-FERA: direct relief to states Agricultural Adjustment Act-unconstitutional 1936Home Owners’ Loan Corporation-shifted people to the
Democratic PartyCWA-leaf raking, “The only thing we have to fear… is
work itself”National Recovery Administration-unconstitutional 1935
1st New Deal Continued
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Father Charles Coughlin“Social Justice”
Dr. Francis E. Townsend$200/month for people over 60
Huey Long$5,000/year guaranteed income for everyoneShare Our Wealth program
Anti-New Dealers
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Frances Perkins-1st woman cabinet member, Labor Department
Mary McLeod Bethune-African-American, office of Minority Affairs in the NYA
Margaret Mead-anthropologist
New Deal and Minorities
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WPA-built roads, public buildings, bridges, and do-nothing jobs
National Labor Relations ActWagner Act
Social Security ActSoil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
Plant soil conserving crops-soybeans2nd AAAFair Labor Standards Act
2nd New Deal 1935-1938
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1. How did the early New Deal legislation attempt to achieve the three goals of relief, recovery, and reform?
2. Which of the New Deal’s many programs to reform the economy and alleviate the depression was the most successful, and why? (You may identify and discuss more than one.) Which was least successful, and why?
3. Were direct federal efforts to provide work for the unemployed—such as the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Works Progress Administration, and the Public Works Administration—justified either in terms of their immediate benefits to workers or as means of stimulating the economy. Why or why not?
4. Why did the New Deal arouse such opposition from conservatives, including those on the Supreme Court?
Class Discussion
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Read Chapter 33Prepare for 5 question reading check on
Tuesday
Homework