Download - Basic First Aid Rc
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FIRST AID ATWORK AND CPR.
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COURSE CONTENT
INTRODUCTIONDEFINITIONAIMS OF FIRST AIDPRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID
QUALITIES OF A GOOD FIRSTAIDERSCOPE OF FIRST AID.EMERGENCY RESPONSE.WOUNDS AND BLEEDING
DROWNINGUNCONCIOUSNESS AND ITS
CAUSES.FRACTUREBURNS AND SCALDSELECTRICAL INJURIES.
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What is first aid.
FIRST AID is the immediate skilled are !r
assista"e #i$e" t! s!me!"e i" "eed %ef!re the
atte"ti!" !f a d!t!r is !%tai"ed.
It is als! the first are #i$e" t! a"& aide"t
$itims !r a"& %!d& 'h! s(dde"l& falls ill.
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Aims a"d !%*eti$es !f first aid
1. T! sa$e +i$e
2. T! ,r!m!te -(ik
re!$er&
3. T! ,re$e"t the
sit(ati!" fr!m #etti"#'!rst .
). T! sa$e time
. T! sa$e !st
There are fi$e %asi reas!"s'h& 'e #i$e first aid.
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/ri"i,les !f first aid.
1. /ri!r t! a"& e"#a#eme"t i" ati!"0 the FirstAider
m(st assess the emer#e"& sit(ati!"0 ,rimaril&
da"#er related iss(es0 'hih threate" !r ma& affet
himher0 the as(alt& a"d %&sta"ders.
2. /r!teti!" fr!m da"#er a"d ,!ssi%le
re!(rre"es sh!(ld %e the first a"d ,erma"e"t
!"er" !f the First Aider. If there is a ,!ssi%le
da"#er t! the First Aider0 ,r!teti!" a"d res(e has
t! %e d!"e %& s,eial f!res ,!lie0 fire %ri#ade0
et..
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/ri"i,les !f first aid
3. The FirstAider sh!(ld assist 'ith!(t ,re*(die !r
%ias0 e"dea$!ri"# t! relie$e the s(fferi"# !f a
,ers!"0 %ei"# #(ided s!lel& %& a h(ma"itaria"
assista"e res,!"si$e t! "eeds a"d res,etf(l !f
the as(alties traditi!" a"d realities.
4. The FirstAider sh!(ld al'a&s at i" safe a"d
!mf!rta%le !"diti!"s0 a%le t! easil& ,erf!rm life5sa$i"# a"d ,r!teti"# meas(res0 a"d 'ath !$er
the as(alt& a"d the sit(ati!".
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/ri"i,les !f first aid5. The First Aider sh!(ld0 as far as ,!ssi%le0 all f!r
a,,r!,riate hel, fr!m !mm("it& res!(res 'he" a"d
'here ,!ssi%le.6. The First Aider sh!(ldma& seek the !!,erati!" !f
the as(alt&0 i"tr!d(i"# himherself a"d esta%lishi"#
hisher assista"e r!le.
7. The First Aider sh!(ld !llet as m(h as ,!ssi%le
i"f!rmati!" a%!(t the sit(ati!" a"d the as(alt&7s
!"diti!"s0 f!r #(idi"# hisher ati!"s.
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/ri"i,les !f first aid
8. The First Aider7 s ati!"s m(st "!t make
the as(alt&7s !"diti!" '!rse0 a"d sh!(ld
,r!$ide a sta%ili9i"# !r %e"efiial effet !" the
distress !f the as(alt& a"d the %&sta"ders0 as'ell as ,re$e"t !r limit !m,liati!"
de$el!,me"t.
:. The assista"e meas(res that are #i$e"
m(st %e a,,r!,riate t! the sit(ati!"0 a"d m(st%e i"itiated safel&0 -(ikl& a"d effeti$el&0 'ith
,ri!rit& #i$e" t! life5threate"i"# ,r!%lems.
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/ri"i,les !f first aid
1;. The First Aider
m(st refer the
as(alt& t! a"emer#e"& are
ser$ie as s!!" as
,!ssi%le0 if !"e isa$aila%le a"d it is
"eessar&.
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/ri"i,les !f first aid
11. The FirstAider sh!(ld ,r!$ide ,s&h!l!#ial
s(,,!rt t! the as(alt&0 thr!(#h hisher attit(de0 '!rds
a"d ati!"s0 !"sideri"# that heshe is taki"# are !f
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/ri"i,les !f first aid
12. The First Aider sh!(ld
assist a"d m!"it!r the
as(alt&7s !"diti!" ("til
f(rther assista"e is "!t
re-(ired. Termi"ati!" !f
assista"e ma& !(r
'he" emer#e"& are
ser$ie reahes the
se"e !r is reahed !r itis determi"ed that "!
f(rther are is "eeded.
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/ri"i,les !f first aid
13. The First Aider sh!(ld %e 'illi"# a"d
a%le t! assist the emer#e"& are ser$ie i"
the ,r!$isi!" !f as(alt& are0 i"l(di"# the
,r!$isi!" !f i"f!rmati!" a%!(t the as(alt&
a"d emer#e"& sit(ati!".No!"#
/ri!rit& !f ati!"s is determi"ed %& the stat(s !f
the as(alt& a"d the
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/ri"i,les !f first aid
se$erit& !f ,r!%lems> !"sideri"# %!th the ,h&sial
a"d ,s&h!l!#ial "eeds. Criteria0 s(h as
"ati!"alit&0 rae0 reli#i!(s %eliefs0 lass !r ,!litial
!,i"i!"s sh!(ld "!t #(ide First Aid i"ter$e"ti!"
E$e" if $% &%'o%"'(o&" '$"&$)* a""!t hear
a"d!r ,erei$e 'hat is said a"d ha,,e"i"# ar!("dhimher0 a,,r!,riate '!rds a"d !"tats sh!(ld %e
(sed like 'he" assisti"# a !"si!(s as(alt&.
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/ri"i,les !f first aid
R!+$,-(%+ ,o!'(o%?
T/! F(,"A(-!,0 '$"&$)* $%- o/!," &" !
,o!'!- ,o -$%+!, (!-($!)* $%- ("o""()! ,!o''&,,!%'! &" ! ,!!%!-.
I% "o! 'o&%,(!" F(,"A(-!," "/o&)- !
$-! $$,! /$ "!'&,(* $&/o,((!" $* /$! o
! (%o,!- $o& /! !!,+!%'* "(&$(o%0o))o(%+ /!(, "!'&,(* ,&)!". I% F(," A(-
"(&$(o%"0 $%* !o)! $,! o,,(!- $o& -("!$"!
,$%"(""(o%0 (," $(-!, "/o&)- ,o!' /(/!,"!)
,o "&'/.
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@(alities !f a #!!d first aider.
1. e res!(ref(l at all times.
2. e s&m,atheti t! &!(ras(alt&
3. e smart a"d !"fide"t.
). The e&es !f a" EAB+E i.e. %e
!%ser$a"t.
. The heart !f a +ION i.e. %e
%!ld.
4. The ha"d !f a AID i.e.
#e"tle
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S!,e !f first aid.
This is the s&stemati 'a& !f admi"isteri"#
first aid.
D($+%o"(". ISTOR SIBNS S/TOS
C$,!> This sh!(ld %e #i$e" i" !rder !f
,ri!rit& i.e. reathi"#0%leedi"#0(r"s a"d
%r!ke" %!"es.
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S!,e !f first aid.
Tra"s,!rtati!".Arra"#e t! !"$e& the as(alt& 'ith!(t dela&
T! his h!me0 s(ita%le shelter0 h!s,ital
A"d !r s(mm!" a D!t!r i" seri!(s ases.
Re!rd kee,i"#.
F(ll "ame !f Cas(alt&0 Ide"tit&0 De,t.Address
Cas(alt&s !(,ati!"Date a"d Time !f Aide"t/lae a"d Cir(msta"es !f aide"tDetails !f Treatme"t re"deredName a"d Si#"at(re !f First Aider.
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Emer#e"& res,!"se.
This is a"!ther,r!ed(re take" t!e"s(re that
a,,r!,riate first aida"d safet& is!%ser$ed 'hileassisti"# a as(alt&.
N!'0 'he" t! (se itde,e"ds !" thesit(ati!" &!( fi"d&!(rself .
D? da"#er.
R? res,!"se A.G./.U.
A? air'a& T.+.+ .
B? %reathi"# +.+.F.
C? hest !m,ressi!".
i.e.3;?2ad(lts0
?3;?2hildre" H i"fa"ts.
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Air'a& !%str(ti!"
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W!("ds.
W!("ds ma& %e lassified i"t!?
1. I"ised !r lea" (t this is a(sed%& shar, i"str(me"ts.
2. +aerated !r t!r". a(sed %& la's
!f a"imals0 sa's !r %ar%ed 'ires.
3. C!"t(sed !r %r(ised. Ca(sed %&
hea$& %l("t !%*et e.#. hammer.
). /("t(red !r sta% Ca(sed %&,!i"ted i"str(me"t e.#. da##er !r
f!rk.
. B("sh!t '!("ds. a(sed %& %(llets.
4. A%errati!" '!("ds. a(sed %& r!(#h
s(rfae.
6.Star% '!("d.
A '!("d a" %e defi"ed as a"& dama#e i" the!"ti"(it& !f the tiss(e !f the %!d& !r ski".
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leedi"#.
This is the esa,e !f %l!!d fr!m a
dama#ed %l!!d $essel.
1. a& %eArterial %ri#htRed a"d S,(rti"# i" rh&thm
'ith heart %eat. Us(all&
seri!(s..
2. a& %e Venousdark reda"d fl!'s #e"tl&.
3. a& %eCapillary T&,iall& !!9i"# a"d
%l!!d l!ss is mi"imal
T*!" o )!!-(%+.
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Ji"ds !f %leedi"#I"ter"al %leedi"#.
This is %leedi"# fr!m i"ter"al !r#a"s !f the %!d& a"d it is
"!tie as %l!!d !mes !(t fr!m the "at(ral !rifies !f !(r
%!d& i.e. e&es0 m!(th0 "!se0 ear0 (ri"ar& trats0 $a#i"a0 a"(s.
EKter"al %leedi"#.
This is the !(t fl!' !f %l!!d eKter"all&.
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Si#"s a"d s&m,t!ms !f %leedi"#
ski" %e!mes !ld a"d lamm&.Feels fai"t a"d di99&.
/(lse is 'eak a"d ra,id0Fae a"d li,s %e!me ,ale.Restless a"d !m,lai"s !f thirst.reathi"# %e!mes shall!' a"d
fast.0 ma& &a'" 0si#h !r #as, f!r
air.
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I"ter$e"ti!".
Reass(re the /atie"t.A,,l& ,ress(re t! %leedi"# ,!i"ts. ORA,,l& ,ress(re t! %rahial !r fem!ral
l!set ,ress(re ,!i"ts
E"s(re t! (se as lea" dressi"# asma& %e a$aila%le.Ele$ate the %leedi"# ,art if ,!ssi%le.If i"ter"al %leedi"# is s(s,eted
0,lae him i" a resti"# ,!siti!".
'ar" him "!t t! m!$e.+!!se all ti#ht l!thi"# ar!("d his
'aist 0"ek a"d hest.
/r!tet him fr!m !ld a"d
m!$e t! h!s,ital immediatel&.
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Frat(re.
This is the e"d0
reak !r Crak !f a
%!"e.It !(ld %e a(sed %&
either a Diret !r a"
I"diret f!re.
Frat(re %asiall& a"
%e lassified as !,e"
!r l!se.
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T&,es !f frat(re.
O/EN FRACTURE?
This is 'he" the %!"e
%reaks a"d ,ieres !(t
!f the %!d&.
C+OSED FRACTURE?
I" this ase the %!"e is
%r!ke" %(t remai"s
'ithi" the %!d& 'ith!(t
e"da"#eri"# a"& $ital
!r#a".
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a"a#eme"t !f frat(re.
!(r aimsT! ,re$e"t m!$eme"t at the i"*(r& site %& imm!%ilisi"# it.T! arra"#e rem!$al t! h!s,ital0 'ith !mf!rta%le s(,,!rt d(ri"#
tra"s,!rt.
C$&(o%Do %o o! /!
'$"&$)* &%() /!
(%&,!- $, (" "!'&,!-
$%- "&o,!-0 &%)!""
(% -$%+!,.Do %o $))o /!
'$"&$)* o !$ -,(%8 o,
"o8!.Do %o ,!"" -o%
-(,!')* o% $ o%! !%-.
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(r"s a"d sald.This res(lts 'he" the ski" is eK,!sed t! eKtreme
heat. The heat !(ld either %e m!ist !r dr&0 this !"diti!"
a" %e lassified i" t! first0 se!"d !r third de#ree %(r"s !r
sald.
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De#ree a"d ,ere"ta#e !f %(r"s
a"d salds.
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De#ree a"d ,ere"ta#e !f %(r"s
a"d salds.
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a"a#eme"t !f %(r"s a"d sald
The %asi a"d ,rimar& are f!r %(r"s is t! a,,l&
r(""i"# 'ater t! the affeted ,art t! rem!$e heat a"d red(e
,ai" the" !$er affeted ,art t! a$!id %ei"# i"feted.
CAUTION? D! "!t rem!$e stik& l!thi"# !" the ski" if f!("d
a"d als! d! "!t a,,l& !ld 'ater fr!m the frid#e !" %(r"s.
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U"!"si!(s"ess
This is a state !f i"se"si%ilit& d(e t! a" (,set
i" the f("ti!"s !f the %rai"0 it !(ld %e as a res(lt !f
the f!ll!'i"#?
F5fai"ti"#0I 5i"fa"tile !"$(lsi!".
S 5str!ke.
5head i"*(r&.
S 5sh!k.
5heart attak.
A La"a,h&lati sh!k.
/ L,!is!".
E Le,ile,s&.
D Ldia%etes.
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Sta#es !f ("!"si!(s"ess
There are t'! sta#es !f ("!"si!(s"ess that i"l(de0
STU/OR? I" this state !f i"se"si%ilit& s!me se"se !r#a"s ma&
%e res,!"di"# t! eKter"al stim(li a"d %reathi"# is al'a&s
,rese"t. COA? N!" !f the se"se !r#a"s res,!"ds t! eKter"al
stim(li a"d as(alt& ma& %e %reathi"# !r "!t %e %reathi"#.
F5fai"ti"#0
I 5i"fa"tile !"$(lsi!".
S 5str!ke.
5head i"*(r&.
S 5sh!k.
5heart attak.
A La"a,h&lati sh!k.
/ L,!is!".
E Le,ile,s&.
D Ldia%etes.
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a"a#eme"t !f ("!"si!(s"ess.
M ea(se !ther fat!rs like %leedi"#0 '!("d
et a" a(se s!me!"e t! #! ("!"si!(s it
sh!(ld %e "!ted that a ,ers!" a" %e %reathi"#Or "!t %reathi"# a"d still %e ("!"si!(s.
The %asi ste, i" the ma"a#eme"t !f
("!"si!(s"ess is 'ith the (seOf SCO/E OF FIRST AID a"d
EERBENC RES/ONSE0 i"l(di"# the
a"a#eme"t !f a"& !%$i!(s a(se !f it
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Sh!kThis life5threate"i"# !"diti!" !(rs
'he" the ir(lat!r& s&stem fails0 lea$i"# the
$ital !r#a"s 'ith!(t !Ke". This !"diti!"!(ld als! lead t! fai"ti"#.
Sh!k a" %e made '!rse %& fear a"d
,ai". Where$er there is a risk !f sh!k
de$el!,i"#0 reass(ri"# the as(alt& a"dmaki"# them !mf!rta%le ma& %e e"!(#h t!
st!, them deteri!rati"#.
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Re!#"isi"# Sh!k
Initially: a ra,id ,(lse a"d ,ale0 !ld0 lamm& ski".
As shock develops? &a"!sis0 'eak"ess a"d
di99i"ess0 "a(sea0 thirst0 ra,id a"d shall!'
%reathi"#0 'eak ,(lse.
As brains oxygen supply weakens: restless"ess a"da##ressi$e"ess0 &a'"i"# a"d #as,i"# f!r air0
("!"si!(s"ess.
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a"a#eme"t !f sh!k.
!(r aimsRe!#"ise sh!k.
Treat a"& !%$i!(sa(ses !f sh!k.Im,r!$e the %l!!ds(,,l& t! the %rai"0heart a"d l("#s.T! arra"#e (r#e"t rem!$al t! h!s,ital.
Caution do not let the casualty eat,
drink, smoke or move unnecessarily.
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Air'a& O%str(ti!"
EKter"al !r i"ter"al !%str(ti!"
!f the air'a&>
I"halati!" !f f!rei#" !%*et.l!ka#e %& the t!"#(e.l!ka#e %& %l!!d !r $!mit.I"ter"al s'elli"# !f thr!at.I"*(ries t! fae !r *a'.
AsthmaEKter"al ,ress(re !" "ek.
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Re!#"isi"# Air'a& O%str(ti!"
C&a"!sis.
Diffi(lt& %reathi"#a"d s,eaki"#.N!is& %reathi"#.Red ,(ff& fae.Si#"s !f distress.
/ersiste"t dr& !(#h.
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a"a#i"# air'a& O%str(ti!"
Yo&, A("Rem!$e
!%str(ti!".Rest!re "!rmalreathi"#.
Arra"#e tra"s,!rt t!h!s,ital.
Tr& t! lear !%str(ti!"Fr!m m!(th if a,,are"t.Bi$e %ak sla,s.Bi$e a%d!mi"al
thr(sts.C!"sider res(e
%reaths.
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eart attak.
This is (s(all& a(sed %& a s(dde" !%str(ti!" !f
%l!!d s(,,l& t! ,art !f the heart m(sle. The mai" risk is
that the heart 'ill st!, %eati"#.
!(r aims.T! e"!(ra#e
the as(alt& t!
rest.T! arra"#e the
(r#e"t rem!$al t!
h!s,ital.
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a"a#eme"t.
D! "!t m!$e /atie"t
(""eessaril&./(t him i" m!st !mf!rta%le
,!siti!"+!!se" all ti#ht l!thi"# ar!("d.A$!id ,a"i a"d take har#e.+a& the Gitim d!'" !" a hard
s(rfae.O" ead d!'" ,!siti!"/erf!rm AC !f C/R if "eessar&.C!"ti"(e C/R a"d se"d f!r hel,.!$e Gitim t! a edial Failit&.
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/re$e"ti!" Of eart Attaks
Strit Dietar& Disreti!"
EKeriseA$!id Nar!ti Dr(#s Al!h!lA$!id Sm!ki"#Re#(lar edial Cheks.Re,!rt Chest C!"diti!".
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Str!ke
This is the #rad(al !r a s(dde" ,aral&sis
!f !"e !r m!re ,arts !f the %!d& as a res(lt !f
a %l!!d l!t !r r(,t(re !f a" arter& s(,,l&i"#
%l!!d t! a ,art !f the %rai".
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a"a#eme"t.
D! "!t m!$e /atie"t (""eessaril&./(t him i" m!st !mf!rta%le ,!siti!"+!!se" all ti#ht l!thi"# ar!("d.A$!id ,a"i a"d take har#e.+a& the Gitim d!'" !" a hard
s(rfae.
/erf!rm AC !f C/R if "eessar&.Bi$e C/R if $itim st!,s %reathi"#
a"d se"d f!r hel,.!$e Gitim t! a edial Failit&.
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Dr!'"i"#
Death %& dr!'"i"# !(rs 'he" air a""!t #et i"t! the l("#s.
This ma& als! a(se a s,asm !f the thr!at.
Whe" a dr!'"i"# ,ers!" is res(ed0 'ater ma& #(sh fr!m their
m!(th. This is 'ater fr!m the st!mah H sh!(ld %e left t! drai".
D! "!t tr& t! f!re 'ater fr!m the st!mah as as(alt& ma& $!mit a"di"hale it.
!(r aims
Rest!re ade-(ate %reathi"#.
Jee, as(alt& 'arm.
Arra"#e (r#e"t rem!$al t! h!s,ital.
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a"a#eme"t.
If res(i"# as(alt& fr!m
'ater0 /+EASE DO SO IF OU
AGE EEN TRAINED TO DOSO. kee, their head
l!'er tha" the rest !f
their %!d& t! red(e risk
!f i"hali"# 'ater.
Chek AC a"d %e/re,ared t! admi"ister
C/R if "eessar&.
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):
C!"$(lsi!"s !r Fits .
C!"sists !f i"$!l("tar& !"trati!" !f ma"& m(sles d(e t!
dist(r%a"e i" the f("ti!" !f the %rai". It is the res(lt !f
dist(r%ed im,(lse tra"smissi!" i" the %rai"0 a(sed %& head
i"*(r&0 lak !f !Ke" i" the %rai"0 ,!is!"0 %rai" disease0 fe$er
et.
Assess the e"$ir!"me"t.Take the ist!r& if ,!ssi%leD! "!t restrit the $itim d(ri"# t'ithi"#.
ai"tai" Air'a&Rem!$e t! safe ,laeTreat the a(se if k"!'"Bi$e em!ti!"al s(,,!rt.
a"a#eme"t
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;
C!"$(lsi!".
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1
First Aid !K
A First Aid Jit shall %e readil& aessi%le i" the '!rksh!,.
Co%!%" o F(," A(- Bo9
A ,e" a"d re!rd %!!k
Siss!rs0 a"d t'ee9ers
4 safet& ,i"s
2 re,e r!ller %a"da#es12 sterile dressi"#s i"di$id(all& 'ra,,ed
12 sterile #a(9e s-(ares i"di$id(all& 'ra,,ed
) r!les sterile #a(9e %a"da#e
4 tria"#(lar %a"da#es
1 r!ll adhesi$e ta,e2 Sterile e&e ,ads
12 al!h!l s'a%s i"di$id(all& 'ra,,ed
Dis,!sa%le #l!$es.
C!tt!" '!!l0 adhesi$e ta,e.
/lasti fae shield0 t!rh0 'histle et.
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2
The recovery position.
A" ("!"si!(s
as(alt& 'h! is
%reathi"# sh!(ld %e
,laed i" this ,!siti!".This ,!siti!" hel,s
mai"tai" a" !,e"
air'a&0 li-(ids a" drai"
fr!m the m!(th a"d the
hest is "!t !" the fl!!r!r fai"# (,'ards.
STE/1? k"eel %eside the as(alt&0
!,e" his air'a&0 reah !(t t! the
k"ee a'a& fr!m &!(0 fr!m
U"der"eath0 lift (,0 kee,i"# thef!!t ,er,e"di(lar t! the #r!("d.
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3
The recovery position.
STE/2? ri"# the arm f(rthest fr!m &!(
ar!ss the hest0 a"d h!ld the %ak !f
the ha"d a#ai"st the as(alt&s "earer
heek 'ith &!(r !ther ha"d0 kee,i"# the
as(alt&s ha"d ,ressed a#ai"st his
heek 0,(ll !" the (,,er le# t! r!llas(alt& t!'ards &!( a"d !" his side.
The head0 "ek a"d
%ak are ke,t ali#"ed0
'hile the %e"t lim%s
kee, the %!d&
,r!,,ed i" a!mf!rta%le a"d
se(re ,!siti!". If &!(
are f!red t! lea$e a"
("!"si!(s as(alt&("atte"ded0 he !r she
a" safel& %e left i"
the re!$er& ,!siti!"
'hile &!( seek hel,.
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)
The recovery position.
The teh"i-(e f!r
t(r"i"# the
as(alt&
ass(mesthat heshe is
f!("d !" his
%ak. N!t all the
ste,s 'ill %e
"eessar& if aas(alt& is f!("d
l&i"# !" his side
!r faed d!'".
STE/3? Jee,i"# the as(alt&s ha"d
,ressed a#ai"st the heek0 (se &!(r
k"ees t! s(,,!rt the as(alt& s!
heshe is ,re$e"ted fr!m r!lli"# t!!
far f!r'ards0 ad*(st the (,,er le# if
"eessar& s! %!th the hi, a"d k"eeare %e"t at ri#ht a"#les. Tilt head
%ak t! e"s(re that the air'a&
remai"s !,e".
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The recovery position.
!( ma& ha$e t! m!dif&
the re!$er& ,!siti!" f!r
ertai" i"*(ries. F!r eKam,le0
a as(alt& 'ith a s,i"al i"*(r&
"eeds eKtra s(,,!rt at thehead a"d "ek0 a"d the head
a"d tr("k "eeds t! %e ali#"ed
at all times. if lim%s are
i"*(red a"d a" "!t %e %e"t0
,lai"# r!lled %la"kets
ar!("d the as(alt&0 !r#etti"# eKtra hel,ers t!
s(,,!rt him0 a" st!, him
fr!m t!,,i"# f!r'ard.
STE/)?CA++ FOR E+/. !"it!ra"d re!rd ir(lati!" ("til hel,
arri$es.
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4
COMPILED B!TRAINER OWUNARI WEST H SA/SON JA+IO
TE END.