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engineering for a better world GEA Mechanical Equipment
Systems and Processes in Wineries
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3 InnovativeProcessesandSystems
forEconomicWinemaking
4 SolidsinMustandWine
7 ClarifiersforWineandSparklingWineProduction
8 MustClarification
10 MustClarificationwithFlotationinClarifierOutlet
12 ClarificationofWine,FirstRacking14 ClarificationofWinebeforePolishing,SecondRacking
(FiningStage)
16 WinePolishing
18 ClarificationofStillWineforSparklingWineProduction
20 ClarificationofSparklingWine
22 ChampagneProduction
24 TartrateStabilisationandCrystalSeparation
26 TartrateCrystalswithVaryingUsagePeriods
27 AdvantagesofTartrateStabilisationProcess
28 OperatingPrinciplesandConstructionalFeatures
ofClarifiers
2 ControlSystemsforFullyAutomaticOperations
High-PerformanceClarifiers
RotaryBrushStrainersandHydrocyclonesinWineries
5 DecantersintheWineIndustry
7 WestfaliaSeparatorvinex ContinuousGrapeJuicing
41 10GoodReasons
42 ClarificationofMustfromScrewPress/TankPress
45 ConcentrationofSedimentfromMustTanks
47 Pre-clarificationofYeastfromFermentationTanks
48 ConcentrationofTrubafterFining
49 ClarificationofThinSludgefromWasteWater
TreatmentPlant
50 OperatingPrinciplesandConstructionalFeatures
ofDecanters
Contents
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Innovative Processes and Systems
for Economic Winemaking
Theglobalwinemarketisundergoingradicalchange.
Moreandmorewine-growingestatesareintegrating
mechanicalseparationtechnologyintotheproduc-
tionoftheirwinestomaketheprocessmoreefficient
andmorecompetitive.Astechnologyleader,theGEA
WestfaliaSeparatorGroupoffersinnovativeprocesses
andsystems.Theycanbeusedacrossawiderange
ofproductionstagesandensurehighestqualityand
economyfromtablewinetowinesfromspecially
selectedgrapessuchasBeerenauslese.
Besidescentrifugationwithdecantersandseparators,
thecompanyisalsoaspecialistinmembranefiltrationwithceramicelements. TheGEAWestfaliaSeparator
Groupthereforerepresentsthecompletespectrum
ofmechanicalseparationtechnologyfromdiverse
preliminaryprocessstagesthroughcoarseandfine
clarificationrightuptopolishing.
An impressive result of this push to innovate is
thevinexprocessdevelopedbytheGEAWestfalia
Separator Group for continuous and gentle
grape juicing. Decanters ensure maximum yield
and premium quali ty. This makes Westfa lia
Separatorvinexthepreferredjuicingmethodfor
alargenumberofvintners.Thiseliminatesnumer-
ous disadvantages of conventional processes
such as inhomogeneousmust quality, costly pre-
storageofthemashandinadequatehygiene.Inaddi-
tiontojuicing,theuseofdecantersmakessensewher-
everliquidswitha highsolid content haveto be
clarified.Suchapplicationsincludemustclarification,
thickeningofleesfrommusttanks,pre-clarification
ofyeasttankbottomsfromthefermentationtanksas
wellasthethickeningoffiningtrub.
Separatorsareusedinallprocessstagesinwhich
smallersolidparticleshavetoberemoved.Wineries
usethem,amongotherthings,forthewineclarification
inthefirstracking,finingrackingandfortartrate
stabilisation.Timelyclarificationisoftenadecisive
factorindevelopingacleantasteandisconsequently
crucialtotheoverallqualityandmarketvalueofa
wine.
Whereasself-clarificationthroughsedimentationis
time-consuming and imperfect, high-performance
clarifiersfromtheGEAWestfaliaSeparatorGroup
realizeallfineclarificationprocessesinconsiderably
lesstime.
SeparatedmustsrequirelessSO2inthedownstream
process because part of the oxygen-transferring
oxydasesareremovedinthemuststagetogetherwith
thelees.Asarule,halfofthenormallyrequiredSO 2
dosageisadequateforthedevelopmentofsuchwines.
Thisisofdecisiveimportancefortheentiresulphur
budget.Winesfromseparatedmustscanbestabi-lized,filteredandbacteriallyclarifiedmoreefficiently
andeconomically.Theadditionoffiningagentscan
alsobereduced.Moreover,thefermentationprocess
withseparatedmustismoreuniformandfavourable
whichhasapositiveimpactonthedevelopmentofthe
wine. Savingsinfilteraidcanalsobesubstantial.
Mechanical separation technology from the GEA
WestfaliaSeparatorGroupisindispensibletodayfor
economicproductionandsimultaneouslytogivethe
wineitstypicalproperties:clean,elegant,bright,flow-
ery,noble,aromatic.
The advantages at a glance:
Favourableinfluenceonquality
Productionofclean,characteristicwines
Noimpairmentoftaste
Higheryield
Moreuniformfermentationprocess
Betterwineclarification
Fewerleesafterfermentation
Substantialextensionoffilterlifeand
hencesignificantsavingsoffilteraid
(layersandkieselguhr)
Savingsinlabourtime
SignificantlyreducedSO2requirements
Timelyseparationofthefiningtrub
(shorteningofthefiningtime)
Lowerspacerequirement(storagecapacity)
Fastproductionofready-to-sellwines
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Solids in Must and Wine
Solidsinthejuicemainlyresultfromthegrapes.Juice
extractionrequiresthedestructionofthecellstruc-
ture,particularlytheprotectiveskin.
Dependingonthegivenprocessingtechnology,more
orlesslargecellparticlesreachthemust.Gentlemustandgrapeprocessing,thus,facilitatesjuicepre-clarifi-
cation.Forgrapeprocessingtheentryofmicroorgan-
isms(yeasts,bacteria,moulds)clingingtothegrapes
should not be underestimated.The same is true
fordustandsandwhichpollutegrapesandleaves
andthusalsojointhejuice.Mechanicalharvesting
particularlyenhancestheirconcentration.
Theskin(exocarp)makesupabout%ofthewhole
grape,is very solid and has protective function.
Withredgrapes,thispartofthetissuecontainsthe
pigments.
Theflesh(mesocarp)containsthejuice,inwhichsugar,acidsandmineralsaredissolved.Itscellular
tissueisparticularlydelicate.
Grapeandmustprocessingshouldbeorganizedso
astocreateminimumsolidscontent.Inpractice,this
meansthatgrapesormustshouldnotbesubmittedto
largegravitationalinfluencesinfeedingorpumping.
High-peromance clarifer
Clarifer
Decanter
Particle size m 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000
Application range of centrifuges according to particle size
1Mustlees
2Yeast
Tartrate
4Finingagent
5Protein/tannin/
metalprecipitations
6Totalleesduringwine
vinicationin%
(byvol.)
1 2 3 4 5 6
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
4.0
Lees development during the vinification process (centrifugally dry)
2.0 0.10.2 Traces 6.3
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Grape structure:
Pericarp
1Exocarp(skin)
2Loculi
Septum4Mesocarp(Flesh)
5Cuticula
6Dorsalevascularbundle
Seeds
7Endosperm
8Testa
9Germbud
Moreover,gentlepressingsystemsshouldpreferably
beusedwithjuicing.
TheWestfaliaSeparatorvinex processdeveloped
by theGEAWestfalia Separator Groupdispenses
with pressing. Continuous grape juicing with thehelp ofdecantersis anewway ofgentle,quality-
orientedwineproduction.
Leesconsistmainlyofwineyeast(necessaryforfer-
mentation),bacteria,aswellasaccompanyingsolids.
Additionally,colloidsdifficulttoseparateplayan
essentialpart.
These colloids may e.g. develop through
Toointensivemustprocessing
Mouldsongrapes
Yeastsorbacteriametabolizedduring
alcoholicfermentation
Heattreatmentofmust
1 2
65
3
4
47
8
911
1210
14
13
Vascular bundle
10Ovular
11Ventral
12Dorsal1Stembase
14Core
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Possible applications of clarifiers and decanters in wine production
Coarsely dispersed yeasts or bacteria are easily
separatedoutwithcentrifugalforce,astheyhave
relatively large diameters and sufficient density
differencecomparedtotheliquid.
Colloidalconnections(pectinmatters,proteinsetc.),
ontheotherhand,createdifficultiesinseparationbecauseofsignificantlysmallerparticlediameters
andlackingdensitydifferenceduetostoredmono-
hydrates. Particularlypectinmatters asprotective
colloidsmaykeepothersolidssuspended.
Correspondingfiningmeasures are advantageous
foreconomicclarification.
Grape receiving
Crushing / stemming
Pre-clarification
Fining / stabilization
Polishing
Composition
Wine stabilization
Sterilizing filtration
Bottling
FermentationSweet reserve / grape juice
Juice lees
Yeast deposites,clarifier solids from
fermentation, fining
and stabilization
Lees
Mash accumulation
Westfalia Separatorvinex
decanter must
Trub concentration
Concentration
of solids
Pre-clarification Polishing Filtration
"Free-run must Press / pressed must
Solids
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Clarifiers for Wine and
Sparkling Wine Production
Characteristic data
Striving for more efficiency and automation are
ongoing processes in wineries with technologists
continuouslyworkingonnewprocessingtechniques.
Clarifiersplayanessentialroleherein.Withtheirhigh
developmentstagetheyensureperfectclarificationof
must,wineandsparklingwine.
Withvaryingsolidscontentinthefeed,automaticcontrolsystemsareusedwhichinitiatebowlejections
atoptimumtimes.
The"self-thinker"impulseactuatesaprecisepartial
ejectioncycle,sothatthesamequantityofsolidsis
alwaysejected.Totalejectionscanbeincluded.After
clarificationiscompleted,thecentrifugecanbeeasily
chemicallycleaned(CIP=cleaning-in-place).Cleaning
solutionsarerecycledthroughtheunitinaclosed
systemwithsedimentbeingdissolvedanddischarged.
Capacity data
Capacitiesindicatedinthisbrochureforthedifferent
models are effective throughput capacities. They
differfromthegivennominalcapacitieswhichare
bowl-designrelated.
Nominal capacity
Thisisthemaximumhydrauliccapacityofabowl.
Effective capacity
Thisisproduct-andprocess-relatedandlessthan
thenominalcapacity.Withagivenproduct,capacity
alwaysdependsonthedesireddegreeofclarification.
"%byvol."figures,giveninthisbrochure,arebased
ontheresultsofaspintestinatesttubecentrifuge.
Separatedsolidsamountsare,therefore,ofacentri-
fugallydryconsistency.
Effective capacity depends on the: Sizeofsolidparticlestobeseparatedout
Differenceinspecificgravitybetweensolids
andliquidandtheviscosityoftheliquid
(degreesOechsleforjuice;alcoholcontentfor
wine)
Solidscontentoftheliquidtobeclarified
Toachievethehighestpossibleeffectivecapacity,the
bowlmusthaveahighcapacityfactor.Thecapacity
factorcontainsonlyrelevantdesignvaluesofthebowl
forseparatingefficiencyandservesasacomparison
figureforsimilarcentrifuges.
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Must Clarification
Centrifugeswithself-cleaning bowlsare usedfor
clarifyingthemust.Themachinesareequippedwith
a"self-thinkercontrolsystemorturbiditymeterto
ensurehighlyconcentratedsolidsdischargeandlow
mustlosses.
To prevent aeration of themust, hydrohermetic
(liquidseal)orhermeticdesignclarifiersareused.
Withhydrohermeticdesignthemustisdischarged
under pressure bymeans of a centripetalpump,
whereby,inaddition,astationarydiscsubmergedin
therotatingliquidcreatesaliquidseal.
Topreventcoarsesolidsfromenteringtheclarifier,
ortoobtainacertainpre-clarificationeffectwithextremelyhighsolidscontentinthefeedliquid,a
rotarybrushstrainerisinstalledaheadoftheclarifier.
Theuseofahydrocycloneintheclarifierfeedlinehas
provedmosteffectivewithrelativelyhighamounts
ofsandyparticlesinthemust.Thisreduceserosion
atthewearpartsofthebowl.
Advantages
Enhancementofqualitybyfastremovalof
solidsimmediatelyafterpressing(short
contacttime).Undesirablesolids,suchas
insecticides,de-acidizingsedimentandother
donotreachthefermentationstage
Productionofclearqualitywines
Efficientpre-clarificationpermitscontrolled
fermentationwithpureyeast
Comparedwithnaturaltanksedimentation
savingsintankspace,labourandtime.Inwarm
climatessavingsincoolingcapacityduetothe
immediateremovalofsolids.
Continuousprocessing
Verylowproductlosses LessSO2requirement
Oxygentransferringenzymesareremoved
with solids
Lessfiningagentsrequiredinthewine
Uniformfermentation.Thisenhancesthe
developmentofthewine(inwarmclimates
savingincoolingcapacity).
Reducedandhealthieryeastdeposits
Processingfreeofair
EasycleaningbyCIP(CIP=cleaning-in-place)
1Mashcontainer
2Pre-juicer
Screwpress
4Musttank
5Pump
6Rotarybrushstrainer
7Clarier
8Musttank
MMash
TLees
VTofermentation
1
2
3 6
4
75 8
T
V
Must clarification after screw press
M
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Storage of sweet reserve or
production of grape juice
The production of juice for sweet reserve is only
possiblewithefficientjuicepre-clarification.Clarifiers
forjuice/mustandwineclarificationcanalsobeused
forthispurpose.Thisalsoappliestotheproduction
ofgrape juicewhichrequires a higherdegreeof
clarification.
Capacity
Inordertoobtaintheoptimumdegreeofclarification
withtheclarifiersmentionedbelowforsweetreserve
orgrapejuiceproduction,throughputcapacitiesgiven
inthetableforclarificationofjuice/musthavetobe
reducedby/3.
Afterappropriate centrifugalpre-clarification the
mostdifficultfilteringproblemscanbeovercome
andconsiderablesavingsinfilteraidsachievedwith
superclarifiers(seepages14,15).
Herethesolidscontentinthemustcanbehigheror
lowerthanthatstatedabove,dependingonthetype
ofpressing.Inaddition,thevintagecanvaryfrom
year toyearwhichmayalter the specific gravity of
themustamongotherthings.
Itmustalsobeconsideredthattheclarifiersthrough-
putcapacitycanbeincreasedbypre-treatmentofthe
mustwithfiningagents.
Ifthesolidscontent(max.%byvol.)andthespecific
gravityofthemustareveryhigh,throughputcapacity
iscorrespondinglylower.Foreachwinerythecorrect
residualsolidscontentinclarifiedmustcanbeindi-
viduallyadjustedbyregulatingthroughputcapacity.
1Drainertank
2Tankpress
Musttank
4Pump
5Rotarybrush
strainer
6Clarier
7Musttank
MMash
TLees
VTofermentation
Must clarification after pneumatic press
* Capacities may vary according to juice
** Machine with cast steel solids collector
Westalia Separator ecoplus Westalia Separator hyvol clarifers Westalia Separator hydry clarifers
Max. capacity * Max. capacity * Max. capacity*
GSC 15 ** 1000 l / h GSE 30 4000 l / h GSC 45 6000 l / h
GSC 25 ** 2000 l / h GSE 50 5000 l / h GSC 75 8000 l / h
GSE 75 8000 l / h GSC 95 12,000 l / h
GSE 100 9000 l / h GSC 150 18,000 l / h
GSE 125 14,000 l / h GSC 250 21,000 l / h
GSE 180 15,000 l / h
GSE 200 20,000 l / h
GSE 300 21,000 l / h
1 2 3 64 75
T
V
M
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Must Clarification with Flotationin Clarifier Outlet
In this process, the clarifier is combined with a
flotationsystemtoclarifythemust.Aflotationsys-
temisinstalledintheoutletoftheclarifierforthis
purpose.Sterileairandgelatineareaddeddirectly
precedingtheconstantpressurevalve.Highdischarge
pressureofbarattheoutletoftheclarifieris
employed,whichisnecessarytodissolveoxygenin
adequate quantities and as small bubbles in the
product.3 g/hlofgelatinehasprovedtobethe
optimumquantitytoachieveanadequateflocculation.
Aroundl/mhasbeenfoundtobeasufficient
airvolumeforflotation.
Intheprocess,thefineturbidphase,remaininginsus-
pensiondirectlyaftertheclarifier,islargelyextracted
byflotation.Equally,solidscapableofcentrifuging
whichhave not beenextractedby the clarifierdue
tothehighercapacityarealsofloated.Thefoamrising
inthetankafterdepressurizationiscompletelystabi-
lizedbythefloatedsolidsandformsadefinitesepa-
ratinglayertotheclearphase.Theseparationofthe
turbidphasefromthepolishedmustafterdrainage
canbeconductedveryaccurately.
Thetankisdrainedfromthebottomtowardsfermen-
tation.Stablefoamremaininginthetankissprayed
out.Astheturbidphaseisdryandtheclearphase
canbedrainedasfarasthedefiniteseparatinglayer,
furtherprocessingoftheturbidphaseisunnecessary.
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Advantages
Aboutfivetimeslowerconsumptionofgelatine
andair.Thegreaterpartofsolidshasalready
beenextractedbytheclarifier
Foamvolumeisbyhalfsmallerthanwith
flotationonly
Versatileuseoftheclarifieralsoforclarifying
youngwine,forfining,processingturbidphases
andextractingtartratecrystals
Evencoldmusthavingbeguntoferment(10C),
whichisdifficulttoclarifybyflotation,canbe
easilyclarifiedinaclarifierwithflotationatthe
outlet
Theclarifiercanbeoperatedathigher
throughputratesatthecostofalowerdegree
ofclarification.Theremainingturbidphase
isfurtherreducedbyflotation.Thissaves
considerabletimeinautumn
Thehighpressureatthedischargeofthe
clarifierisemployedforflotation.Expensive
pressurepumpsorpressurizedvesselsare
unnecessary
Improvedclarificationstandardizationformust
fromdifferentpresssystemswhich,therefore,
havedifferenttrubcontents
1Drainertank
2Pre-juicer
Screwpress
4Musttank
5Pump
6Rotarybrushstrainer
7Clarier
8Gelatine/airfeed
9Staticmixer
10Musttank
MMashcontainer
TLees
VTofermentation
1
4 5 86 97
V
10
2
3
T
Influence of must pre-clarification
on fermentation process and
acetaldehyde formation with white
wine (from Troost 1988)
Acetaldehyde mg / lDegrees Oechsle
xx= bottling dateFermentation days
100
80
200
60
150
40
100
2050
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 xx
Diagram showing the influence of must pre-clarification on fermentation process.
Clar ified (Oechsle)
Turbid phase (Oechsle)
Clari fied (acetaldehyde)
Turbid phase (acetaldehyde)
M
Must clarification with flotation in clarifier discharge
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Clarification of Wine, First Racking
Thesamecentrifugesareusedforclarifyingwine
andmust.Tasteandstabilityofthewinedepend
substantiallyonthemoment,degreeandmethodof
clarification.Particularlyturbidyoungwines,which
are difficult to clarifyby other methods, can be
easilyclarifiedinthecentrifuge.Inordertoprevent
aeration of thewine,hydrohermeticor hermetic
designclarifiersareused.Theseclarifierspromote
theunproblematicdevelopmentoffreshandelegant
wines. Clarifiers easily remove fining trub during
thesecondstage.
Advantages
Enhancedqualityasclarificationtakesplaceat
therightmoment
Productionofhighqualitywines
Noflavourimpairingbythewinebeinglefttoo
longontheyeast(possibleformationofH 2S)
Dependingonwhetherareductionofbiological
acidisdesired,residualcontentcanbe
individuallyadjustedbyregulatingthroughput
capacity
Processingfreeofair
NoCO2orbouquetlosses
EasycleaningbyCIP
Clarification of wine, first racking
1Fermentationtank
2Pump
High-peformance
clarier/clarifier
4Winetank
(ningtank)
MFrom
fermentationtank
TLees
VForultrane
clarication
1 4
T
VM
2 3
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Westalia Separator Westalia Separator Westalia Separatorecoplus hyvol clarifers hydry clarifers
High-perormance clarifers
Max. capacity * Max. capacity* Max. capacity * Max. capacity*
GSC 15 ** 2000 l / h GSE 30 8000 l / h GSC 45 11,000 l / h GRA 160 12,000 l / h
GSC 25 ** 5000 l / h GSE 50 12,000 l / h GSC 75 13,000 l / h GSA 500 28,000 l / h
GSE 75 13,000 l / h GSC 95 16,000 l / h
GSE 100 18,000 l / h GSC 150 28,000 l / h
GSE 125 20,000 l / h GSC 250 38,000 l / h
GSE 180 25,000 l / h
GSE 200 32,000 l / h
GSE 300 40,000 l / h
* Capacities may vary according to young wine
** Machine with cast steel solids collector
High quality wines characterize
clarification quality.
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Clarification of Wine before Polishing,
Second Racking (Fining Stage)
Thesameclarifiersusedforclarifyingmustandwine
duringfirstrackingcanalsobeusedforthisprocess.
Ifawineisfined,itisnotnecessaryaftertheappropri-
atereactiontimetowaitforcompletesedimentation
ofthesolidsbeforecentrifugalclarificationiscarried
out.Solidparticlesandfiningflocsstillinsuspension
canbeseparatedoutimmediately.
Advantages
Considerablyincreasedfilterlifeand
savingsinfilteraids
Immediateremovaloffiningagentafter
reactiontime
Fastfinishofready-for-salewines
Greatercompactionoffiningagent
Processingfreeofair
NoCO2orbouquetlosses
EasycleaningbyCIP
Clarification of wine before polishing, second racking (fining stage)
1 4
T
VM
2 3
1Finingtank
2Pump
High-performance
clarier/clarier
4Storagetank
MFromfermentation/
rstracking
TLees
VTobottling
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Westalia Separator Westalia Separator Westalia Separatorecoplus hyvol clarifers hydry clarifers
Super clarifers
Max. capacity * Max. capacity * Max. capacity* Max. capacity*
GSC 15 ** 1000 l / h GSE 30 3000 l / h GSC 45 4000 l / h GRA 160 10,000 l / h
GSC 25** 2000 l / h GSE 50 5000 l / h GSC 75 6000 l / h GSA 500 24,000 l / h
GSE 75 6000 l / h GSC 95 8000 l / h
GSE 100 8000 l / h GSC 150 16,000 l / h
GSE 125 10,000 l / h GSC 250 25,000 l / h
GSE 180 13,000 l / h
GSE 200 20,000 l / h
GSE 300 28,000 l / h
* Capacities may vary according to fining agent
** Machine with cast steel solids collector
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Wine Polishing
Sincewinemakingisnotacontinuousprocess,the
classicalclarifiercanbeusedforbothpre-clarifying
themustandforclarifyingthefreshlyfermented
wine. This is also the casewith thesuper clarifier
whichcanbeused forpolishingthewinebothafter
fining and after stabilization, thereby rendering
coventionalfiltrationstagessuperfluous.
Forwineswithresidual sugar content a sterilizing
filter should be installed behind the clarifier as
precautionary measure. This clarifier has been
developedforseparationofthefinestsolidparticles
whichpreviouslycouldberemovedonlybyfiltration.
Theclarifiershighbowlspeedofrpmproduces
acentrifugalfieldequivalenttoabout,times
theaccelerationduetogravity(g-factor=maximum
centrifugationfactor)
Production of wine and sparkling wine
Indegreeofachievableclarification,thesuperclari-
fieriscomparabletothediatomaceous-earthfilter.
With easily clarified wines clarification efficiency
extendsevenintothemicrobiologicalareaofsterilizing
filtration.Theuseofasterilizingfilterdownstreamis
recommended,however,asaprecautionarymeasure.
Largesavingsinfilteraidsareachievedbycentrifugal
polishersespeciallywithdifficultwines.
Thesuperclarifierhasalsoprovedverysuccessfulfor
polishingsweetreservewhichmustbefilterablein
theshortestpossibletime.
TypeEective capacity in winepolishing
GSA 500 24,000 28,000 l / h
GRA 160 12,000 l / h
GSE 65 7000 l / h
GSE 160 12,000 l / h
GSE 230 18,000 l / h
GSE 400 24,000 l / h
* Depending on the type of wine and pre-treatment.
Discharged liquid is so highly polished that it can
immediately be passed through a filter (e. g. sterilizing
filter).
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1Musttank
2Pump
Rotarybrushstrainer
4Clarier/
ultraneclarier*
5Fermentationtank
6Pump
7Intermediatetank
8Pump
9Stabilizingtank
10Pump
11Storagetank
12Pump
1Filtration
PSolids
Multi-functionality of clarifier* Clarifier for multifunctional use
5
8
6
9
71 4*
P
2 3 4*
4* 4* 11 1213
P P
10
P P
Advantages
Continuousoperation
Greateryield
Nopigmentlossesduetoabsorption
Nolossofbouquet
Nointakeofoxygen
NoSO2orCO2losses
Noimpairmentofflavour
Useoffilteraidsreducedtominimum
Clear wine
Product low on
bacteria (but
not microbiologically
ensured)
Removal of insoluble
pigments, no pigments
lost by absorption
Colloidal substances
largely removed only
with fining
Absolute physio-
chemical stability of the
wine after stabilization
Fining StabilizingTurbid wine
Yeast / bacteria Pigments Colloids Other sedimentsSubstancesremoved
Results
immediately
Later
High-performance clarifier
Results obtained when clarifying turbid wine in the centrifugal fieldof a High-performance clarifier.
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Clarification of Still Wine
for Sparkling Wine Production
Removal of residual yeast
Finished still wines (champagne stock) are used
toproducesparklingwines.Someofthesewines
stillcontainresidualyeastwhichisremovedbyself-
cleaningclarifiers.
Removal of ning trub
Afterthat,finingofthewineisnecessarytobringabout
precipitationofproteinandironcompounds.Both
clarifyingstages,removalofyeastandfiningagents,
arecarried outin accordancewiththe following
diagram.
Advantages Savingsinfilteraidsandincreasedfilterlife
Separatedfiningagentisreadyfordisposal
EasycleaningbyCIP
Clarification of sparkling wine
1Wineorningtank
2Pump
Clarier
4Winetank
MFromfermentation
tank(stillwine)
TLeesprocessing
VTotankfermentation
(sparklingwine)
1
T
M
2 3 4
V
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* Capacities may vary according to still wine / turbid phase
** Machine with cast steel solids collector
* Capacities may vary according to still wine / turbid phase
* Capacities may vary according to still wine / turbid phase
* Capacities may vary according to still wine / turbid phase
Westalia Separator ecoplus
Max. capacity* Max. capacity* Removal o residual yeast Removal o fning agents
GSC 15 ** 1000 l / h 1000 l / h
GSC 25** 2000 l / h 1500 l / h
Westalia Separator hyvol clarifer
Max. capacity* Max. capacity* Removal o residual yeast Removal o fning agents
GSE 30 4000 l / h 2000 l / h
GSE 50 7000 l / h 3000 l / h
GSE 75 8000 l / h 4000 l / h
GSE 100 10,000 l / h 5000 l / h
GSE 125 12,000 l / h 6000 l / h
GSE 180 16,000 l / h 9000 l / h
GSE 200 20,000 l / h 12,000 l / h
GSE 300 30,000 l / h 15,000 l / h
Westalia Separator hydry clarifer
Max. capacity* Max. capacity* Removal o residual yeast Removal o fning agents
GSC 45 6000 l / h 3000 l / h
GSC 75 8000 l / h 4000 l / h
GSC 95 10,000 l / h 5000 l / h
GSC 150 16,000 l / h 8000 l / h
GSC 250 23,000 l / h 11,000 l / h
Super clarifer
Max. capacity*Removal o residual yeast
GRA 160 10,000 l / h
GSA 500 28,000 l / h
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Clarification of Sparkling Wine
Withbulktankprocessingclarificationiscarried
outtoproduceaclear,yeast-freesparklingwine.The
momentfortheyeasttobeseparatedfromtheraw
sparklingwineisdeterminedbyprocessconditions,
resultsof fermentation inspection, chemical and
microbiologicaltestsandthequalityrequiredofthe
sparklingwine.
Generally,clarificationiscarriedoutshortlybefore
bottling.
Today,bothbulkandbottle("transvasement"process)
fermentedsparklingwinescanbepre-clarifiedand
polishedinself-cleaninghydrohermeticdesigndisc-
bowlcentrifuges.
Subsequentfiltrationwithplatefilters,withconsid-
erable savingsin filter aids, producesclear,stable
sparklingwines.
Advantages
Nolossofcarbondioxide,alcoholorbouquet
substance
Pre-filtrationiseliminated,onlyfinalpolishing
bymeansofaplatefilternecessary
Processingfreeofair
EasycleaningbyCIP
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1Pressurizedfermentation
tank
2Clarier,
hydrohermeticdesign
Pressuretank
MStabilizedandpolished
stillwinebefore
thesecondalcoholic
fermentation
RPureyeastculture
WLees
FToltration
ZSugar
Transvasement process with bottle fermentation
1
W
M
2 3
F
RZ
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Champagne Production
Thename"Champagneisreservedexclusivelyfor
the Frenchwine-growingChampagne region(the
mountainssurroundingReims,MarneValley,Cte
desBlancs,L'Aube,L'Aisne).Champagneconsistsof
redandwhitegrapes.
1Press
2Pump
Musttanks
4 Pump
5Clarier
6Fermentationtank
7Pump
8Clarier
(toclarifystillwine)
9Cooling
10Reactiontank
(precipitation)
11Pump
12Clarier(clarication)
1Pressuretank
14Additionofsugar
andyeast
15Bottlefermentation
16Icingofbottlenecks
beforeyeastremoval
17Champagne
MGrapereceivingpointPSolids
Clarification of still wine for champagne and sparkling wine
1
M
2 3
P
4 5 6 7
13
12 11 10 9 8
P
14 15 16 17
The three types of approved grapes are:
PinotNoir,redgrapes(pressedwhite)
PinotMeunier,redgrapes(pressedwhite)
ChardonnayBlanc,whitegrapes
P
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Intheprocessshownonpagethesamecentrifuge
canbeusedforpre-clarifyingmustandstillwine.
Advantages of clarifying still wine
with a clarier
Continuousoperation
Higheryield
Nointakeofoxygen
Noimpairmentofflavourbyfilteringadditives
Productionoftypicalstillwinespureincolour
Nodamagetotheenvironmentbyused
filteringadditives
Advantages of primary must clarication
with a clarier
Fastextractionofsolidsimmediatelyafter
pressing
Enhancementofquality
Savingsoftankspace,labourandtime
comparedtonaturaltanksedimentation
Uniformfermentationofclarifiedmustboosting
thedevelopmentofthewine
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Tartrate Stabilization
and Crystal Separation
Onepossibilityofpreventingtartrateprecipitation
(potassiumhydrogentartrate)inbottledwinesiscool-
ingoveraperiodof3todays.
With cooling, tartrate is precipitated andcan be
extractedbyfiltration.Onlythenisthewinebottled.
Thisprocessistimeandenergyconsumingaswell
ascostintensive.
The tartrate stabilization and extraction process
offersareliableandeconomicsolution.Thispro-
cesscombinesreliabilityofaknownandwell-tried
"contactprocesswiththeadvantagesofcentrifugal
crystalseparation.Itcanbeusedforstabilizingwine,
sparklingwineandgrapejuice.Reactiontimehereis
reducedtoabouthours.
Atfirst,thewineiscooleddowntostabilizationtem-
perature.Nextfollowstheadditionoftartratevaccina-tartratevaccina-vaccina-
tioncrystals.Intermediatestorageofcooledandvac-
cinatedwinefollowsinisolatedtanksequippedwith
stirrers.Theturbulence,generatedaccordingtothe
adjustedstirringintensity,keepsthecontacttartrate
floatingduringthewholereactiontimeandsepara-
tionphase.Afteradequateretentiontime(stabiliza-
tionphase),separationoftartratebyhydrocyclone
andclarifier(separationphase)takesplace.
Pageshowsthecorrespondingprocess.
With this process tartrate is separated
in two fractions:
Inhydrocyclonesfractionalextractionoftartrate
crystalstakesplaceaswellaswashing.The
addedcontacttartrateiscleanedfromresidues
anddepositsandcompletelyseparated.Thus
optimumconditionsaregivenforfrequent
reusageofcontacttartrateoverseveralyears (recycling).
Inclarifierscompactgrainedtartrateis
extracted(aswellassubstancessusceptible
tofreezingmainlyprotein)andmustbe
separated.Ithasnoabrasivepropertiessothat
damagetothebowlisexcluded.
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1
2 3
8
7
5
10
4
6
9
11
1Tank
2Pump
Cooler
4Reactiontank
5Pump
6Hydrocyclone
7Pump
8Clarier
9Tartratetank
10Pump
11Storagetank
Tartrate stabilization and separation process by the GEA Westfalia Separator Group
Unwanted crystal sedimentation in bottled wine
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Tartrate Crystals withVarying Usage Periods
Thefiguresshowmicrographsoftartratecrystals
afterdifferentusagetimes.
Aftertheirfourthre-usage(centremicrograph)their
crystalsurfacedevelopsakindof"slatelandscape.
Thecrystalsactivecentresareclearlyvisible;they
appearmorefrequentlyandarecompletelyclean.
Themicrograph on the right shows vaccination
crystalsafterseveralmonthsofusageinredwine
stabilization.Surprisingly,thecrystalshereareround-
shapedandhaveacleansurface.Moreover,contact
tartraterecycledbyhydrocyclonesalsolosesitssharp
edgesandtransformsintoaglobularshapeinthe
courseoftimeduringcontinuoususage.Atthesame
timeitundergoesacontinuousregenerationdueto
collectionofsurplustartrateduringthestabilization
phase,
Throughthewashingeffectinhydrocyclones
beforetheseparationprocess
Throughmechanicalinfluenceslikepumps,
stirrersetc.
In comparisonto new contact tartrate, character-
izedbylargecrystallizationactivity,thisprocessof
reusing vaccination crystals for several months
leadsto avisiblegrowthofactivecentrescoupled
withcleansurfaces.
Higheconomicefficiencyofthenewtartratestabi-
lizationandseparationprocessisamongothersdue
tomultipleapplicationpossibilitiesoftheclarifier.
Itmayalsobeusedforclassicalclarificationtasksin
juice,wineandsparklingwineproduction.
Capacityrangeaccording toplantsizeis to
,l/h.
Electron-microscopical micrograph of new
contact tartrate (vaccination crystals)
customary in trade. Particle size is between
20 and 50 m. 300-times magnified.
Electron-microscopical micrograph of
contact tartrate after having used
vaccination crystals for several months
in red wine stabilization; separation
by hydrocyclone. 300-times magnified.
Electron-microscopical micrograph of
contact tartrate after fourth re-usage in
white wine stabilization; separation by
hydrocyclone. 300-times magnified.
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Advantages of Tartrate Stabilization Process
Continuousoperationbecauseofasemi-
continuousprocess
Variablethroughputcapacities
Reducedspacerequirements
Centrifugecanbeapplieduniversallyevenfor
must,wineandsparklingwineclarification
Highreusagecapacityofrecycledtartrate
Nofurthertreatmentbyprocesstechnology
required
Easyoperationbecauseofhighautomation Flexibleprocess(clarificationofred,rosand
whitewines,aswellassparklingwinesand
grapejuices)
Savingofenergy
Finalproductcompletelymeetsthe
marketshighstabilityrequirements
Thecontactprocessskipsthetime-consuming
contaminationphase,asthewineorsparkling
wineisvaccinatedwithcertainvaccination
crystals.Thus,thewholecontactperiod
becomesaveryefficientstabilizationtime.
Cyclone station and separator in a German large-scale winery, used for tartrate separation, capacity up to 25,000 l / h.
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Operating Principles and
Constructional Features of Clarifiers
Theaccumulatedknow-howofseveraldecadeshas
enabledtehGEAWestfaliaSeparatorGrouptoadaptits
centrifugespreciselytotheexactneedsofthewine
industry.Intheearlydayschamberbowlclarifiers
were used in wineries. These were later replaced
with self -cleaning clarifiers to satisfy the need for
continuousoperationalprocesses.
Self-cleaning clariers
Clarifierswithself-cleaningbowlsareusedbothby
smallandlargewineries.Theyoperatecontinuously
without interruption . The optimum moment for
solidsdischargeisinitiatedbytheclarifiersphoto-
electriccontrolsystem.
Theseclarifiersareequippedwithadisc-typebowl
andinternallyorexternallyoperatingslidingpiston.
Theliquidisfastandgentlyclarifiedinthediscstack,
wherebythesolidsflowoutwardsandcollectin the
sedimentholdingspace.Assoonastheoptimum
momentforejectionisreached,themobilepistonis
hydraulicallyopened.Thesolidsareinstantlyejected
atfullbowlspeedandthepistonreturnstotheclosed
position.Clarifiedliquidisextractedbycentripetal
pumpsfoamfreeandunderpressure.Iftheliquid
shouldnotcomeintocontactwithatmosphericairto
preventlossesofSO2,CO2,andbouquetaroma,these
clarifierscanbesuppliedinhydrohermetic(liquid
seal)design.
Hydrohermetic design
Intheseclarifierscontactoftheproductwithatmos-
phericairispreventedwithouttheaidofmechanical
sealsbymeansofacentripetalpump,whereby,inaddi-
tion,astationarydiscsubmergedintherotatingliquid
createsaliquidseal.Thisnotonlypreventsatmos-
phericcontactofcentrifugedproductbut,further-
more,lossofCO2,SO2,aswellasaromaticsubstances.
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Clariers with integrated
sound insulation
Besidesefficientandeconomicaloperation,design
measures for the improvement of environmental
conditionsarealsoimportanttoday.Greaterattention
hasbeendevotedtothewishesofwineproducersfor
areductionofnoiselevelsinthedesignofthelatest
typesofclarifiers.Byintegratingsoundinsulationin
theclarifierandclosedproductdischargeaswellas
usingnewlow-noisedrivemotors,noiselevelshave
beenconsiderablyreduced.
Theoperatingnoise(soundpressurelevel)ofthese
clarifiersislessthandB(A).Externalsoundinsulation
measuresarenotnecessary.
Westfalia Separator hydrostop system
for controlled bowl cleaning
Thenewbowlhydraulicsystem(WestfaliaSeparator
hydrostop)bytheGEAWestfaliaSeparatorGroup
ensuresfastandaccurateextractionofsolids.Extrac-
tedquantitiescanbepreselectedduringoperation.
Productfeedisnotinterrupted.Solidsarehighlycon-
centratedwhichpreventslosses.
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Westfalia Separator hyvol and hydry
machine generations cover the complete
capacity demand
WithWestfalia Separator hyvol andWestfalia
Separator hydrytwonewclarifierfamiliesare
presented. Both series perfectly and completely
cover,eachwithoptimummachinesizes,thetotal
capacity demand in beverage and food industry.
WestfaliaSeparatorhyvolandhydryclarifiershave
been optimized according to customer benefit
andtheirfastintegrationintoindividualoperational
processes.ThebasisofWestfaliaSeparatorhyvolis
theprovisionofmaximumeffectivecapacitywith
giveninvestmentvolume.
WithWestfaliaSeparatorhyvol,theGEAWestfalia
SeparatorGrouppresentsacleaningsystemforplung-ervalves.Usingthehydohermeticfeederminimizes
negativeeffectsoftransverseactionsandguaran-
teesoptimumclarificationefficiency.Clarification
performanceandproductqualityaresubsequently
at an optimum. Hydrohermetic sealing prevents
product contaminationwith atmosphericair.This
sealingcombinesoptimumCIPcapacitywithmain-
tenancefreedom.
OnelastfeaturecommontoallWestfaliaSeparator
hyvolclarifiersistheextremelyfastcleaningvalves.
Theykeepproductlossduringclarifiercleaningas
smallaspossible.
WithWestfaliaSeparatorhydryclarifiers,devel-
opment has concentrated on reaching thehighest
possible dry substance contents of centrifuged
solids.Drysubstancecontentsofto%v/vare
with these machines within standard tolerances
duetotheWestfaliaSeparatorhydrostopcleaning
principle.Theoptimumdrysubstanceconcentration
finds expression inveryshortamortizationtimes,
particularlywhenprocessinglargevolumesofliq-
uidasinwineproduction.Productlossisextremely
low.AllWestfaliaSeparator hydrylikeWestfalia
Separator
hyvol
clarifiersareequippedwithbeltdrive.They,moreover,excelwithmultifunctionality.
Westfalia Separator hyvol and
hydryclarifiers have been
optimized with regard to customer
benefit and fast integration into
individual operational processes.
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Capacity factor results from:
Bowlspeed
Discangle
Discnumber
Discdiameter
Clarifiers are gearedto highest possible effective
capacity.Optimizationofcapacityfactorislimited.
Bowlspeeddependson theapprovedstresslimits
fortools.
Discangle,diameter,andnumberhavetobegeared
todifferingproducts.
With high solid substance input in the feed,for
examplemustclarification,theeffectivecapacityalsodependsonthesizeofthesolidsspaceandthepos-
siblecleaningfrequency.
Westfalia Separator ecoplus clariers
for economic wine production with low
capacity range
TheGEAWestfaliaSeparatorGrouphasdevelopeda
newclarifiergenerationforlowcapacities.
Themachineseries,soldunderthenameWestfalia
Separatorecopluseconomyandmorepresent
low-costalternativestoexistingsolid-liquidsepara-
tionsystemsinwineproduction.
TheclarifiertypesGSC15andGSC25havebeen
optimizedparticularlyformustandwineclarifica-
tion.Thesemachines,developedaccordingtothenew
standardization concept, can be used for must
clarificationwithintherangeofl/hto3l/h
andforwineclarificationfrom3l/htol/h.
Theirbasicequipmentcontainsalotofthefeatures
havingmadethe GEAWestfalia Separator Group
c larif iers indispensable in wine production.
Part of the new development concept is the
traditionalWestfaliaSeparatorhydrostop system.
With thissystem the centrifuged turbidphase is
dischargedfrom themachine ina particularly dry
state.Theadvantageforwineproductionismaximum
wineyield.Nootherclarifier systemcanbeemployed
insuchavalueaddingway.A furtherhighlightis
hydrohermetic sealing which prevents productcontact with atmospheric air and thus oxygen
intake.
Clarifier generation for low capacity range:
GSC 25 particularly for must
and wine clarification.
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Control Systems for
Fully Automatic Operations
Differentclarifier controlsystemsareavailableto
achieveuniformlowresidualmoisturecontentwith
fluctuatingsolidsconcentrationsandvaryingproduct
throughput.Thesecontrolsystemsensurethatsolids
areejectedattheoptimummoment.Clarifyingefficiency
fallsif thesedimentholdingspaceofthecentrifuge
overfills.Ifitisnotoptimallyfilled,ejectionlosses
increaseandeffectivethroughputfallsbecauseof
unnecessarilyincreasedejectionfrequency.
Scanning of sediment holding space
Withthissystemtheoptimumlevelofsolidsinthe
sedimentholdingspaceismonitoredbymeansof
sensingliquid.Interruptionofsensingliquidflow
whentheoptimumlevelofsolidsis reachedcauses
animpulsetobesenttothecontrolunittoinitiate
ejection.Highconcentrationofsolidsisattainable
withthissystemwhichisalsosuitableforprocessing
opaqueliquidsorfluctuatingsolidscontent.
Photo-electric control
Thissystemmonitorstheclarifiedliquidphase.A
controldevice(e.g.lightbarrier)inthedischargeline
registersturbidityandinitiatestheautomaticbowl
ejectionprogrammesequencewhenapresetturbidity
thresholdvalueisreachedorexceeded.Thiscontrol
systemisemployedforfeedstockswhicharetranslu-
centandhaveafluctuatingsolidscontentorvarying
productflow.Itensuresthatthedegreeofclarification
ofthedischargingliquidremainsconstant.
Thecontrol unitsused in conjunctionwith these
controlsystemscanbeset,dependingonthesolids
content,for
Partialortotalejection
Combinationofpartialandtotalejection
Flushejectionaftereachtotalejection
Automatic operation of self-cleaning clarifiers and
optimumusageofthroughputcapacityareachieved
bymeansofthesecontrolsystemswhichhavebeen
designedcloselybasedontheknow-howofthewine
industry.
Automatic control by monitoring the
sediment holding space of the bowl
with sensing liquid
Automatic control by photo-electric
cell in discharge line
1Proximityswitch
2Flowmeter
Sensingliquidpump
4Controlunit
5Discs
6Inletofsensingliquid
overseparatingdisc
7Operatingwatervalve
8Clarifyingdiscfor
sensingliquid
9Centripetalpump
10Dischargeofclaried
liquid
11Feed
1Controlunit
2Dischargepump
Feed
4Photo-electriccell
5Dischargeof
clariedliquid
6Discs
7Operatingwater
valve
1
2
34
56
8
9
1011
7
4
6
7
52
1
3
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High-Performance Clarifiers
Theseclarifierscanbesuppliedinhermeticorhydro-
hermeticdesign.Duetotheuseofnewhigh-tensile
materials,centrifugalforcescanbeachievedupto
,timestheaccelerationduetogravity.Thus
solidparticlesdowntosizesintheorderof.m
canbecentrifugallyremoved.
Operating principles
Thefeedstockflowsintothebowlthroughthefeed
inletandisclarifiedinthediscstack.Clarifiedliquid
istransportedbycentripetalpumpfoamfreeand
underpressuretotheoutlet.
Separated solids collect in the sediment holding
space () and are ejected at periodic intervals
throughports().Solidsejectionisinitiatedbythe
controlunit.Theoperatingwater,whichdoesnot
comeintocontactwiththeproduct,isonlyrequired
duringejection.
Pre-separation of coarse and
erosive solids
Theincreasingmechanisationofwineharvestingand
processingalsoimplicatesproblems.Themusttobe
processedcontainsatalargerscaleerosiveandcoarse
solids.Theseimpuritiesmustberemovedbeforeclari-
ficationtoassurecontinuousprocessingandavoid
erosionandotherfaultsontheclarifier.
Depending on the character
of the must either
Rotarybrushstrainersor
Hydrocyclones
canbeused.
Rotary brush strainers should, in any event, be
installedupstreamforremovalofcomponentssuch
asstems,seedsandskins.Thisreducestheloadonthe
clarifier.Rotarybrushstrainersarealsoparticularly
suitableforscreeninghigh-temperature-short-time
(HTST)treatedmashafterpressing.Thistreatment
preventsblockagesanddepositsintheplateheat
exchanger.
Hydrocyclonescanbegainfullyinstalledwhen,for
example,themustcontainsexcessiveamountsofsandduetomechanicalharvestingofthegrapes.
Thecorrectarrangementoftheinstallationisimpor-
tantwhenbothdevicesareused.Rotarybrushstrain-
ersmustalwaysbeinstalledupstreaminorderto
eliminateblockagesinthehydrocyclone.
The optimum position for both unitsis between
pressandmusttank.Thustheeffectsofclarifier
ejections and solids fluctuations are eliminated.
Iflocalconditionsoruseofmobileplantsprevent
choiceofthislocation,thenrotarybrushstrainersand
hydrocyclonesshouldbeinstalleddirectlybeforethe
clarifier.
Rotary brush strainers
Rotarybrushstrainersoperatecontinuously.Because
oftheircloseddesign,airisexcluded.Rawmustisfed
intothestrainerthroughtheinlet.Solidscollectedon
theinsideofthecylindrical,perforatedstrainerinsert
arepusheddownintotheconicalsedimentholding
spacebyrotatingscrapers.Theycanbedischarged
periodicallythroughthesolidsoutlet.Atangentially
arrangedflushingconnectionservesforcleaningthe
strainer.Suitablerotarybrushstrainersareavailable
invarioussizesforallself-cleaningclarifiers.
Rotary Brush Strainers
and Hydrocyclones in Wineries
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Advantages
Reducedloadonclarifier
Closedstrainerdesignexcludesair
Installationintopressurizedsystempossible
Hydrocyclones
Hydrocyclonesarecentrifugalseparatorswhichfind
application,amongotherthings,forseparationand
classificationofsolidssuspendedinliquids.
Inthewineindustrytheyareusedfordesandingthe
mustinordertoprotectthevaluableclarifierbowl
fromwearaswellasfortartrateseparation.
Becauseoftheircloseddesign(sealingoflowerpart
byso-calledgritpot),O2intakeandmustlossesare
avoided.Sand-containingmustentersthehydrocy-
cloneattherequiredpressurepthroughtheinlet.
Sandparticlespassthroughtheapexnozzleintothe
gritpot.Thede-sandedmustleavesthehydrocyclone
through the outlet.Sand particles are discharged
discontinuously through the valve. The opening
processcanbecarriedoutmanuallyorautomatically
withtheaidofatimer.
Feed
Outlet
Solids
Feed
Outlet
Solids
Hydrocyclone
Rotary brush strainer
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CharacteristicsDecantersaresolidsorientedcentrifugeswithasolid-
wallbowl. Aconveyorscrew(scroll)conveyssolidsto
theoutletports,throughwhichtheyarecontinuously
discharged.Decantersaremainlyusedforclarification
ofliquidswithhighsolidscontent.Slightlyvarying
solidscontentintheproductfeedhaslittleeffecton
thedegreeofclarificationorseparation.
Decanters nd application in large
wineries for:
Clarificationofmust
Concentrationofsedimentfrommusttanks
Pre-clarificationofleesfromfermentation
tanks
Concentrationoffiningagents
Using decanters for these applications ensures
optmumyieldofmustandwine,as,forexample,the
continuouslydischargedsolidsarereadyfordisposal.
Afurtherimportantfactorissavingsinfilteraids.
Decanters in the Wine Industry
Decanters in various designs: Decanterswithdischargeofclarifiedliquid
underpressure.Withthisdesignclarified
liquidisdischargedfoamfreeandunder
pressurebyaparingdisc(centripetalpump)
Decanterswithgravitydischargeofclarified
liquid.Clarifiedliquidisdischargedintoa
balancetankorotherprocessingunits
Decantersingas-tightdesign.Thesedecanters
areusedwhenoxidationoftheincoming
productmustbeavoided.Connectionsforinert
gasblanketingareprovidedwiththesetypes
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Advantages of decanters
Highyield
Continuousoperation.Processingtimes
arepracticallyunlimited(round-the-clock
operation).
Automaticoperationand,thereby,
reducedcostoflabour
Dischargedsolidsreadyfordisposal
Savingsinfilteraids
Versatileprocessingpossibilities
Capacities data
Capacitiesindicatedinthisbrochureforthedifferentmodels are effective throughput capacities. They
differfromcomparisoncapacitieswhicharedesign
related.
Comparison capacity
Comparisoncapacityreferstothedifferentdecan-
tersproducedbytheGEAWestfaliaSeparatorGroup
andislowerthanthemax.throughputcapacity.
Effective capacity
Effectivecapacityisproductandprocessrelated.It
dependsonclarifiabilityoffeedmixture,concen-
trationofsolidsinthefeed,permissibleresidualmoisture
contentofdischargedsolids,andonthesolidscontent
ofclarifiedliquid.Decanterscanbelargelyadapted
totheseconditionsandrequirements.
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Continuous juicing of heated-mash red grapes
1Stemmer
2Pump
3Intermediate
tank
4Pump
5Tubularheat
exchanger
6Heaterwith
holdingsection
7Plateheat
exchanger
8Tank
9Decanter
MGrapes
PSolids
Inmanufacturingheated-mashredwines,redgrape
mashisslowlyagitated,e.g.byahorizontalstirrer,to
ensurehomogenousfeed.
The mash is continuously short-time heated to
Cforminutesandthenfeddirectlyand
immediatelytothedecanter.
Afurtherprocessisthepressingoffermented-mash
redgrapes,whicharealsokeptinahomogenous
stateinthefermentationtankbyslowlyrotating,
large,horizontalstirrers.Whenthedesireddegreeof
fermentation has been reached, this mash is
Westfalia Separatorvinex
Continuous Grape Juicing
continuously juiced in the decanter. Almost the
entireyeastisalsoextractedinthedecanterandthe
downstreamclarifyingstagecan,therefore,beavoided
oratleastheavilyreduced.
Anotherprocessisthejuicingofwhitegrapemash
whichisalsokeptinahomogenousstateinthemash
tankbyslowlyrotating,large,horizontalstirrers.The
mashispressedcontinuously,directly,andwithout
longdwelltimesinthedecanter.
An additional pre-treatment process extending
beyondstemmingto openingthe grapes, e.g. by
additionalcrushing,isunnecessarywhenjuicingis
conductedinadecanter.Thegrapesaresufficiently
openedbythede-pippingprocessforgentle,rapid
andcontinuousjuicinginthedecanter.
The colour andtasteof the juicewhichhasbeen
extractedwithcentrifugalforceareoptimum.The
lowlevelofresidualturbiditymeansthatthepost-
treatmentbymeansofclarificationwhichhaspre-
viouslybeennecessary isnow superfluous,and the
bittergrapeseedsarenotdamaged.
Continuous juicing of red grapes after a Thermo-Flash
installation
2
M
P
4
1
3
5
7
8
6
9
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1Stemmer2Pump
Mashtank
4Pump
5Decanter
6Conveyorbelt
7Plateheatexchanger
8Musttank
MGrapes
PSolids
1Stemmer
2Pump
Mashtank
4Pump
5Decanter
6Extractionofsolids
7Plateheatexchanger
8Tank
MGrapes
PSolids
1Stemmer
2Pump
Mashtank
4Pump
5Decanter
6Retentiontank
7Fermentationtank
8Air/
nitrogenaddition
9Gelatineaddition
10Conveyorbelt
MGrapes
PSolids
Continuous juicing of white grapes
Continuous juicing of fermented-mash grapes
Continuous juicing of white grapes with flotation
1 2
3
P
8
M
4
10
6
7
9
5
1 2
7
8
3
4
P
5
6
M
1 2
7
8
3
4
P
5
6
M
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Red WhiteType mash-heated / depending on the
mash-ermented condition o the grapes
GCE 205-01 2 3 t / h 1 t / h
GCE 305-01 4 t / h 2 3 t / h
GCE 345-01 6 t / h 3 4 t / h
GCA 501-01 10 t / h 5 6 t / h
GCE 535-01 18 t / h 9 10 t / h
GCE 755-01 30 t / h 17 18 t / h
Rapid and gentle
Theexpertsallagree.Intermsoftasteandquality,
decanterredwinesareexactlythesameaswines
producedwithpresses.Theanalyticalresultspre-
ferdecanterwines,andtastetestslikewise.Andtheprocessalsoresultsintimesavings.Thisisbecause
theWestfaliaSeparatorvinexprocessmeansthat
itisnolongernecessaryforthemashtobeallowed
tostandforseveralhours.
Eventhemostmodernpresssystemsarenotable
to avoid problems such as inhomogeneous juice
quality, complicatedlogisticsdue to theneed for
pre-andpost-stackingofthemash,lessthanperfect
hygiene andsignificant quantities of lees in the
juice. Itis not surprisingthatthe newWestfalia
Separatorvinexprocesshasbeenreceivedextremely
enthusiastically.Pneuma
ticpress
85.9
Red wine
Yield comparison (%)
Press and Westfalia Separator vinex decanter
82.5
Screwpress
Decanter
84.4
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Stemmer
Agitator tanks
Heating
Mash tanks
Press
Clarification
Fermentation
Juice extraction
conventional
Stemmer
Agitator tanks
Decanter
Option: Clarification
Fermentation
Juice extraction
with decanterBenefits
Continuous
process
No buffer tanks,
mash tanks
Multifunctional
Heating
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1. Gentle process
Theuseofcentrifugalforcemeansthattheprocess
ofjuicingintheWestfaliaSeparatorvinex method
isextremelygentle.
2. Continuous method of operation
TheWestfaliaSeparatorvinexprocesspermitsa
continuousmethodofoperationinanenclosedsys-
tem.Unwantedoxidationcanbeavoidedinthisway.
3. Top quality wines
Tanninagentandpotassiumcontentareindicationsofthemechanicalstrainimposedonthemash.With
decanterwines,theseparametersareidenticaland,
inpart,lowercomparedwithwinesproducedwith
thepress.Theextractiontimeinadecanterismuch
shorter.Thisaspectminimizesenzymeactionand
changesinmashconstituentsandqualityisimproved.
Themicrobeloadisalsoreducedduetotherapid
separationofmashintojuiceandpomace.
4. High yield
Theyieldcanbeboostedcomparedwiththetradi-
tionalmethod.
5. Uniform must quality
Thejuicingprocessinvolvingdecantersguaranteesa
uniformjuicequality.Evenverysmallbatchescanbe
processedinadecanterwithoutanyproblems.
6. Minimal residual yeast
Inmash-fermentedredwineprocessing,almostthe
entireyeastisremovedwiththedecantermethod.
Under optimum conditions therefore, secondary
clarificationisnotnecessaryorcanatleastbecarried
outwithlowerlevelsofload.
7. Extremly simple cleaning
Thecompactenclosedsystemmeansthatdecanters
areeasytoclean.Thissavestimeandreducesthe
strainimposedontheenvironment.
8. Flexible and reliable
Decanters can be used in a flexible manner for
processingvariousproducts.Theoptimumquantity
oftrubinthejuicecanbeadjustedasrequired.
9. Simple and space-saving
Thedecantersfeatureacompactandspace-savingdesign.Installationissimple,andthespacerequire-
mentislow.
10. Mobile applications
Thecompactdesignmeansthatmobileapplicationof
thedecanterispossible.Itcanforinstancebehired
outtoexternaloperations.
10 Good Reasons
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3
13
1 5
7
10
14
8
11
6
12P
9
2
4
42
Red wine production
1Stemmer
2Pump
Heatexchanger
4Heaterwith
holdingsection
5Drainertank
6Pre-juicer
7Screwpress
8Pump
9Pump
10Pump11Mustcollecting
tank
12Pump
1Decanter
14Fermentationtank
PSolids
Clarification of Must
from Screw Press / Tank Press
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43
ThismethodofoperationconformstoCalifornian
conditions(USA).Pre-clarificationofmustleavingthe
drainertankisnotnecessaryasthesolidscontentis
onlyabout%byvol.This"free-runmustisfed
withoutpre-clarification into thefermentationtank.
Dependingontheholdingtimeinthedrainertank,
the totalvolumeof mustrecoveredby thisstatic
methodamountsto%.Themustrecovered
fromthecontinuouspre-juicerandscrewpressnor-
mallyhasasolidscontentof%byvol.This
highlyturbidmustisreducedtoapprox.3%byvol.
bymeansofadecanterandfedtothedrainermust
inthefermentationtank.
Advantages
Fullycontinuousprocessing
Solidscollectreadyfordisposal
Nofiltersrequiredforsedimentremoval
Type Max. eective capacity
GCE 205-01 3500 l / h
GCE 305-01 7500 l / h
GCE 345-01 9500 l / h
GCA 501-01 15,000 l / h
GCE 535-01 27,000 l / h
GCA 755-01 45,000 l / h
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1Stemmer 2Pump
3Drainertank
4Pre-juicer
5Screwpress
6Pump
7Pump
8Pump
9Mustcollectingtank
10 Pump
11Decanter
12Fermentationtank
PSolids
1Stemmer
2Pump
3Drainertank
4Pre-juicer
5Screwpress
6Pump
7Pump
8Pump
9Mustcollectingtank
10 Pump
11Pump
12Clarier
13Decanter
14Fermentationtank
PSolids
Alternative process for white wine
Inthisprocessthethreemustfractionsobtainedwhen
recoveringthemust,the"free-run"must,mustfrom
thepre-juicerandpressedmustfromthescrewpress
arefedintoacommonbuffertank.Afteracertaintime
allowedforsedimentation,thesupernatantfairlyclear
mustisfedwiththeaidofafloatsuctiondeviceto
theclarifierforclarification.Theconcentratedmust
andsedimentinthelowerpartofthetankisfedto
thedecanter.Thetwoclearphasesfromclarifierand
decanterarethenfedintothefermentationtankand
fermented.
Effective capacities
Clariers:
See"MustClarification,
page
Decanters:
See"ConcentrationofLeesfromMustTanks,
page
White wine production
1
6
7
2
3
4
129
1011
P
5
8
1
6
7
2
3
4
14
9
11
10
P
5
8
13
12
P
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Themethod of operation conforms to European
conditions.
This operational step deals with:
Sedimentfrommusttanks
Solidsdischargedfromclarifiers
Floatingcapfromclarifiedmusttank
Mustcontainingtanninfromsecond
postpressingstagefromscrewpress
Optimumdecanter useis possible when thelast
twohightannincontainingjuicesaremixedwith
the first three protein containing must in the
sedimentcollectingtank.Flocculationtakesplaceand
thecoarseflakedsolidscanbeeasilyseparatedout
inthedecanter.Withexclusiveuseofscrewpresses
thesediment,withoutpriormixingforflocculation,
canbe processed in thedecanter with the same
separatingefficiency.
Concentration of Sediment from Must Tanks
Advantages Considerableincreaseindownstreamfilter
capacity(e.g.vacuumfilter)
Immediateprocessingofresultingsediment.
Retentiontimeofsedimentincollectingtank
isobsolete.Mustqualityremains
Savingsinfilteraids
Solidscollectreadyfordisposal
Thesecapacitiesareobtainedwhenfreshsedimentis
processed.Thesolidscontentof%byvol.inthe
feedisreducedto3%byvol.inthedischarge.It
isimportantforthesedimentobtainedtobefresh
andnot partly fermented. Partly fermentedmust
sediment willgreatly reduceclarifyingefficiency
ofthedecanterduetoformationofcarbonicacid
(flotationeffectofsediment).Comparedtountreated
must, sediment from enzymatically treatedmust
canbeclarifiedwithuptodoubletheefficiency.
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Westalia Separator Westalia Separator ecoplus hydryclarifers
Max. capacity * Max. capacity *
GSC 15 400 l / h GSC 45 1500 l / h
GSC 25 ** 800 l / h GSC 75 2000 l / h
GSC 95 3000 l / h
GSC 150 2000 l / h
GSC 250 5000 l / h
* Capacities may vary according to sediment
** Machine with cast steel solids collector
* Capacities may vary according to must
Decanter
Max. capacity*
GCE 205 1500 l / h
GCE 305 2000 l / h
GCE 345 2500 l / h
GCA 501 4500 l / h
GCE 535 7000 l / h
GCE 755 11,000 l / h
Concentration of sediment from must tanks
1Stemmer
Pre-juicing
Continuousbandpress
4Discontinuoustank
press
5Pre-juicer
6Screwpress
7Musttanks
8Pump
9Clarier
10Musttank
11Leescollectingtank
12Pump
1Decanter,alternatively
clarier,typeGSC
14Intermediatetank
MGrapes
GTofermentation
PSolids
1
3
14
14
13
1312
11
10
9
77
4
22
5
6
G
G
G
P
P
8
M
P
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1Fermentationtanks
2Pump
Clarier
4Winetank
5Pump
6Sedimentcollecting
tank
7Pump
8Decanter/
alternativelyclarier
9Solidsforseparation
10Filtration
MMust
WTofurtherprocessing
1
W
3
2M
W
10
8
6
7
5
9
4
8
Pre-clarification of yeast deposites from fermentation tanks
Althoughsometimesonlyabout%ofthesolidscan
beseparatedoutatthisclarifyingstage,thisstepis
importantforefficientoperationofthedownstream
filter(e.g.rotaryvacuumfilter).Atthisstageitismost
importantthattheyeasttobeprocessedisstillina
Pre-clarification of Yeast
from Fermentation Tanks
veryfreshcondition.Iftheyeastisalreadyintheearly
stagesofautolysis,clarifyingefficiencyofthedecan-
terwillfalldrastically(theyeastwillbecomeslimy).
Westalia Separator Westalia Separatorecoplus hydry clarifers
max. capacity * max. capacity *
GSC 15 200 l / h GSC 20 500 l / h
GSC 25 ** 400 l / h GSC 45 1000 l / h
GSC 75 2000 l / h
GSC 95 2500 l / h
GSC 150 4000 l / h
GSC 250 4500 l / h
* Machine with cast steel solids collector** Capacities may vary according to tank bottoms
Decanter
max. capacity *
GCE 205 300 l / h
GCE 305 500 l / h
GCE 345 900 l / h
GCA 501 1500 l / h
GCE 535 2500 l / h
GCE 755 4000 l / h
* Capacities may vary according to must
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48
Thisprocessshowstheuseofthedecanterinthepro-
ductionofvermouth.Activatedcarbonismainlyused
asfiningagenttobrightenthewine.Thedecanter
processesafeedcapacityofl/hwithasolids
contentof%byvol.Thesolidscontentinthedis-
chargeisreducedto%byvol..
Concentration of Trub
after Fining
1
W
6
5M
2
3
4
L
1Finingtank
2Pump
3Leescollectingtank
4Pump
5Decanter
6Conveyorbelt(solids
readyfordisposal)
MFromwinetank
LTostoragetank
WProductforfurther processing
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4
K
6
5
D
7
8
3
9
1
2
F
W
Duetomorestringentenvironmentalregulations,
industrialwastewatermaynolongerbeloadedatwill
withorganicmatter.Forthisreasonsedimentcontent
shouldbekeptaslowaspossible.Moreover,fining
agentandfiltrationresidueshouldberecoveredina
conditionsuitablefordisposal.
Clarification of Thin Sludge
from Waste Water Treatment Plant
Decanterscanbeusedfor dewateringthinsludge.
Inmanycases addition of polymer flocculantsis
necessaryintoclarificationsectionofthemachine.
Underunfavourable conditionsfurther treatment
(e.g.additionofcalciumhydroxide)maybenecessary
toobtainsolidssuitablefordisposal.
Decanter
Max. effective capacity *
UCD 305 5 9 m3 / h
UCE 345 8 14 m3 / h
UCA 501 15 30 m3 / h
UCE 535 23 46 m3 / h
UCE 755 80 120 m3 / h
1Collectingtank
2Pump
Decanter
4Mixer
5Meteringscrew
6Limetank
7Container
8Pump
9Meteringtank
FFlocculant
WWater
KBacktoclaricationplant
DThinsludgefromwaste
watertreatmentplant
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Whenclarifieroperationis nolongerfeasibledue
tohighproportionsofsolidsinthesuspensiontobe
processed,decantersareused.Thedecanterdesign
is based on decades of experience in centrifuge
separationtechniquesaswellasintensiveresearch
anddevelopmentbytheGEAWestfaliaSeparator
Group.Decantershavebeendevelopedforhighclari-
fyingperformanceandhighestpossibledegreeof
solidsdrying.
Essentialconditionsforthisinclude,amongothers,
highbowlspeedandanenormouslyhighscrewtorque
inconjunctionwithacontrolsystemtosynchronise
thedifferentialspeedtothesolidsload.
Theprocessedmaterialentersthedecanterthrough
thefeedtubeandisconveyedbythedistributorinto
theseparatingchamber.Itisacceleratedheretothe
operatingspeed.Solidparticlesquicklysedimenton
thebowlwallduetocentrifugalforce.
The bowl has a cylindrical-conical shape. In the
cylindrical section, this shape allows effective
clarificationoftheliquid,andthesolidsareeffectively
driedintheconicalsection.
Operating Principles andConstructional Features of Decanters
Thescrollturnsslightlyfasterthanthebowlshelland
conveysseparatedsolidscontinuouslytothenarrow
endofthebowl.Duetotheconicalshapeofthispart
ofthebowl,thesolidsareliftedoutoftheliquid.
Whenpassingthe"dryingzone,whichtheliquiddoes
notenter,theadheringliquidisremovedunderto
centrifugalforce.
Thesolidsarethenejectedthroughopeningsatthe
bowlsendintothecollectingvesselofthehousing.
Theliquidflowsbetweenthescrollflightstothe
oppositeendofthebowl.Lighterparticlesremaining
intheliquidareseparatedbycentrifugalforcewhen
passingthroughtheclarifyingzoneandareconveyed
bythescrolltogetherwiththesolidsseizedintheinlet
zonetotheoutlet.Clarifiedliquidleavesthesepara-
tionchamberoveradjustableregulatingplatesoris
extractedunderpressurebyscrapers.
Dependingondecantertype,thedriveisprovided
eitherby-phasemotorsforstartingunderloador
standardmotorswithhydrostaticclutches.-phase
motorswithfrequencyconverterscanbeemployed
optionally. This allows for reduction of starting
current and current peaks during starting. An
adjustable, hydrostatic clutch reduces thestarting
current.Poweristransmittedbybelts.
Outlet
Feed
Solids
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2-gear drive
Differential gear drive
Drive systems
DecantersfromGEAWestfaliaSeparatorGroupare
equippedwithcustomizeddrivesystems.
2-gear drive
Withthisdrivesystem,themaindrivemotordrivesthe
bowlandthehousingoftheprimarygear.Throughan
additionalsecondarygear,partofthepowerrequired
forthescrolldriveisfedfromthesecondarymotor.
Thecurrent ofthismotor servesas ameasuring
variable for the torque-dependent torque control.
The drive ismonitored electronically permitting
restart.Downtimesasaresultofoverloadareex-
cluded and trouble-free operation is assured.
Decantersequippedwiththisdrivepatentedinseveral
countriesareusedwhenhightorquesarerequired
atlowdifferentialspeedsformaximumyields.
Differential gear drive
Thedifferentialgeardriveisrecommendedwhen-
everitisnecessarytoautomaticallyregulatethescroll
speedinadditiontoregulatingthebowlspeed.This
isachievedbymeansof twogears.Thesecondary
motordrivesthecentralinputshaftandgeneratesthe
differentialspeedproportionallytoitsownspeed.A
secondinputshaftwithoutanyspeedisconnectedto
thehousing.Thismeansthatthedifferentialspeedis
notdependentonthebowlspeed.Differentialgear
drivesareusedprimarilyinthelowerdifferential
speedrange.
Decanters synonymous with quality,
performance and economy
Highestpossibledewateringatmaximum
separatingefficiency
Highoperatingsafety,reliabilityandlowwear
Rapidadjustmentofmachineparametersto
changingproductsandprocesses
Smallspacerequirement
Lowcostoflabourandoperatingexpenses
Automaticandcontinuousoperation
Simpleoperationandeasymaintenance
High-precisionmanufacturingensureseasy
onsitereplacementofallparts
Easyaccess
Simpleassembly/disassembly
Fastdeliveryofsparepartsand
24-hourrepairservice
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GEA Group is a global engineering company with multi-billion euro sales and operations in more than
50 countries. Founded in 1881, the company is one of the largest providers of innovative equipment and
process technology. GEA Group is listed in the STOXX Europe 600 Index.
We live our values.
Excellence Passion Integrity Responsibility GEA-versity
churemerelyservesasanon-bindingdescription
ofourproductsandiswithoutguarantee.
Bindinginformatio
n,
inparticularrelatingtocapacitydataandsuitabilityforspecificapplications,canonlybeprovidedwithintheframeworkofconcrete
chedpaperPrintedinGermanySubjecttomodificationWestfalia,
WestfaliaSeparator,
hydry
a
ndhyv
ol
areregisteredtrademarksofGEAMechanicalEquipmentGmbH.
B_
BE-12-1
0-0010EN