be systems a.processes from gea ws in wineries en

7/30/2019 BE Systems a.processes From GEA WS in Wineries En

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engineering for a better world GEA Mechanical Equipment

Systems and Processes in Wineries


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2

3 InnovativeProcessesandSystems

forEconomicWinemaking

4 SolidsinMustandWine

7 ClarifiersforWineandSparklingWineProduction

8 MustClarification

10 MustClarificationwithFlotationinClarifierOutlet

12 ClarificationofWine,FirstRacking14 ClarificationofWinebeforePolishing,SecondRacking

(FiningStage)

16 WinePolishing

18 ClarificationofStillWineforSparklingWineProduction

20 ClarificationofSparklingWine

22 ChampagneProduction

24 TartrateStabilisationandCrystalSeparation

26 TartrateCrystalswithVaryingUsagePeriods

27 AdvantagesofTartrateStabilisationProcess

28 OperatingPrinciplesandConstructionalFeatures

ofClarifiers

2 ControlSystemsforFullyAutomaticOperations

High-PerformanceClarifiers

RotaryBrushStrainersandHydrocyclonesinWineries

5 DecantersintheWineIndustry

7 WestfaliaSeparatorvinex ContinuousGrapeJuicing

41 10GoodReasons

42 ClarificationofMustfromScrewPress/TankPress

45 ConcentrationofSedimentfromMustTanks

47 Pre-clarificationofYeastfromFermentationTanks

48 ConcentrationofTrubafterFining

49 ClarificationofThinSludgefromWasteWater

TreatmentPlant

50 OperatingPrinciplesandConstructionalFeatures

ofDecanters

Contents


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3

Innovative Processes and Systems

for Economic Winemaking

Theglobalwinemarketisundergoingradicalchange.

Moreandmorewine-growingestatesareintegrating

mechanicalseparationtechnologyintotheproduc-

tionoftheirwinestomaketheprocessmoreefficient

andmorecompetitive.Astechnologyleader,theGEA

WestfaliaSeparatorGroupoffersinnovativeprocesses

andsystems.Theycanbeusedacrossawiderange

ofproductionstagesandensurehighestqualityand

economyfromtablewinetowinesfromspecially

selectedgrapessuchasBeerenauslese.

Besidescentrifugationwithdecantersandseparators,

thecompanyisalsoaspecialistinmembranefiltrationwithceramicelements. TheGEAWestfaliaSeparator

Groupthereforerepresentsthecompletespectrum

ofmechanicalseparationtechnologyfromdiverse

preliminaryprocessstagesthroughcoarseandfine

clarificationrightuptopolishing.

An impressive result of this push to innovate is

thevinexprocessdevelopedbytheGEAWestfalia

Separator Group for continuous and gentle

grape juicing. Decanters ensure maximum yield

and premium quali ty. This makes Westfa lia

Separatorvinexthepreferredjuicingmethodfor

alargenumberofvintners.Thiseliminatesnumer-

ous disadvantages of conventional processes

such as inhomogeneousmust quality, costly pre-

storageofthemashandinadequatehygiene.Inaddi-

tiontojuicing,theuseofdecantersmakessensewher-

everliquidswitha highsolid content haveto be

clarified.Suchapplicationsincludemustclarification,

thickeningofleesfrommusttanks,pre-clarification

ofyeasttankbottomsfromthefermentationtanksas

wellasthethickeningoffiningtrub.

Separatorsareusedinallprocessstagesinwhich

smallersolidparticleshavetoberemoved.Wineries

usethem,amongotherthings,forthewineclarification

inthefirstracking,finingrackingandfortartrate

stabilisation.Timelyclarificationisoftenadecisive

factorindevelopingacleantasteandisconsequently

crucialtotheoverallqualityandmarketvalueofa

wine.

Whereasself-clarificationthroughsedimentationis

time-consuming and imperfect, high-performance

clarifiersfromtheGEAWestfaliaSeparatorGroup

realizeallfineclarificationprocessesinconsiderably

lesstime.

SeparatedmustsrequirelessSO2inthedownstream

process because part of the oxygen-transferring

oxydasesareremovedinthemuststagetogetherwith

thelees.Asarule,halfofthenormallyrequiredSO 2

dosageisadequateforthedevelopmentofsuchwines.

Thisisofdecisiveimportancefortheentiresulphur

budget.Winesfromseparatedmustscanbestabi-lized,filteredandbacteriallyclarifiedmoreefficiently

andeconomically.Theadditionoffiningagentscan

alsobereduced.Moreover,thefermentationprocess

withseparatedmustismoreuniformandfavourable

whichhasapositiveimpactonthedevelopmentofthe

wine. Savingsinfilteraidcanalsobesubstantial.

Mechanical separation technology from the GEA

WestfaliaSeparatorGroupisindispensibletodayfor

economicproductionandsimultaneouslytogivethe

wineitstypicalproperties:clean,elegant,bright,flow-

ery,noble,aromatic.

The advantages at a glance:

Favourableinfluenceonquality

Productionofclean,characteristicwines

Noimpairmentoftaste

Higheryield

Moreuniformfermentationprocess

Betterwineclarification

Fewerleesafterfermentation

Substantialextensionoffilterlifeand

hencesignificantsavingsoffilteraid

(layersandkieselguhr)

Savingsinlabourtime

SignificantlyreducedSO2requirements

Timelyseparationofthefiningtrub

(shorteningofthefiningtime)

Lowerspacerequirement(storagecapacity)

Fastproductionofready-to-sellwines


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4

Solids in Must and Wine

Solidsinthejuicemainlyresultfromthegrapes.Juice

extractionrequiresthedestructionofthecellstruc-

ture,particularlytheprotectiveskin.

Dependingonthegivenprocessingtechnology,more

orlesslargecellparticlesreachthemust.Gentlemustandgrapeprocessing,thus,facilitatesjuicepre-clarifi-

cation.Forgrapeprocessingtheentryofmicroorgan-

isms(yeasts,bacteria,moulds)clingingtothegrapes

should not be underestimated.The same is true

fordustandsandwhichpollutegrapesandleaves

andthusalsojointhejuice.Mechanicalharvesting

particularlyenhancestheirconcentration.

Theskin(exocarp)makesupabout%ofthewhole

grape,is very solid and has protective function.

Withredgrapes,thispartofthetissuecontainsthe

pigments.

Theflesh(mesocarp)containsthejuice,inwhichsugar,acidsandmineralsaredissolved.Itscellular

tissueisparticularlydelicate.

Grapeandmustprocessingshouldbeorganizedso

astocreateminimumsolidscontent.Inpractice,this

meansthatgrapesormustshouldnotbesubmittedto

largegravitationalinfluencesinfeedingorpumping.

High-peromance clarifer

Clarifer

Decanter

Particle size m 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000

Application range of centrifuges according to particle size

1Mustlees

2Yeast

Tartrate

4Finingagent

5Protein/tannin/

metalprecipitations

6Totalleesduringwine

vinicationin%

(byvol.)

1 2 3 4 5 6

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

4.0

Lees development during the vinification process (centrifugally dry)

2.0 0.10.2 Traces 6.3


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5

Grape structure:

Pericarp

1Exocarp(skin)

2Loculi

Septum4Mesocarp(Flesh)

5Cuticula

6Dorsalevascularbundle

Seeds

7Endosperm

8Testa

9Germbud

Moreover,gentlepressingsystemsshouldpreferably

beusedwithjuicing.

TheWestfaliaSeparatorvinex processdeveloped

by theGEAWestfalia Separator Groupdispenses

with pressing. Continuous grape juicing with thehelp ofdecantersis anewway ofgentle,quality-

orientedwineproduction.

Leesconsistmainlyofwineyeast(necessaryforfer-

mentation),bacteria,aswellasaccompanyingsolids.

Additionally,colloidsdifficulttoseparateplayan

essentialpart.

These colloids may e.g. develop through

Toointensivemustprocessing

Mouldsongrapes

Yeastsorbacteriametabolizedduring

alcoholicfermentation

Heattreatmentofmust

1 2

65

3

4

47

8

911

1210

14

13

Vascular bundle

10Ovular

11Ventral

12Dorsal1Stembase

14Core


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6

Possible applications of clarifiers and decanters in wine production

Coarsely dispersed yeasts or bacteria are easily

separatedoutwithcentrifugalforce,astheyhave

relatively large diameters and sufficient density

differencecomparedtotheliquid.

Colloidalconnections(pectinmatters,proteinsetc.),

ontheotherhand,createdifficultiesinseparationbecauseofsignificantlysmallerparticlediameters

andlackingdensitydifferenceduetostoredmono-

hydrates. Particularlypectinmatters asprotective

colloidsmaykeepothersolidssuspended.

Correspondingfiningmeasures are advantageous

foreconomicclarification.

Grape receiving

Crushing / stemming

Pre-clarification

Fining / stabilization

Polishing

Composition

Wine stabilization

Sterilizing filtration

Bottling

FermentationSweet reserve / grape juice

Juice lees

Yeast deposites,clarifier solids from

fermentation, fining

and stabilization

Lees

Mash accumulation

Westfalia Separatorvinex

decanter must

Trub concentration

Concentration

of solids

Pre-clarification Polishing Filtration

"Free-run must Press / pressed must

Solids


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7

Clarifiers for Wine and

Sparkling Wine Production

Characteristic data

Striving for more efficiency and automation are

ongoing processes in wineries with technologists

continuouslyworkingonnewprocessingtechniques.

Clarifiersplayanessentialroleherein.Withtheirhigh

developmentstagetheyensureperfectclarificationof

must,wineandsparklingwine.

Withvaryingsolidscontentinthefeed,automaticcontrolsystemsareusedwhichinitiatebowlejections

atoptimumtimes.

The"self-thinker"impulseactuatesaprecisepartial

ejectioncycle,sothatthesamequantityofsolidsis

alwaysejected.Totalejectionscanbeincluded.After

clarificationiscompleted,thecentrifugecanbeeasily

chemicallycleaned(CIP=cleaning-in-place).Cleaning

solutionsarerecycledthroughtheunitinaclosed

systemwithsedimentbeingdissolvedanddischarged.

Capacity data

Capacitiesindicatedinthisbrochureforthedifferent

models are effective throughput capacities. They

differfromthegivennominalcapacitieswhichare

bowl-designrelated.

Nominal capacity

Thisisthemaximumhydrauliccapacityofabowl.

Effective capacity

Thisisproduct-andprocess-relatedandlessthan

thenominalcapacity.Withagivenproduct,capacity

alwaysdependsonthedesireddegreeofclarification.

"%byvol."figures,giveninthisbrochure,arebased

ontheresultsofaspintestinatesttubecentrifuge.

Separatedsolidsamountsare,therefore,ofacentri-

fugallydryconsistency.

Effective capacity depends on the: Sizeofsolidparticlestobeseparatedout

Differenceinspecificgravitybetweensolids

andliquidandtheviscosityoftheliquid

(degreesOechsleforjuice;alcoholcontentfor

wine)

Solidscontentoftheliquidtobeclarified

Toachievethehighestpossibleeffectivecapacity,the

bowlmusthaveahighcapacityfactor.Thecapacity

factorcontainsonlyrelevantdesignvaluesofthebowl

forseparatingefficiencyandservesasacomparison

figureforsimilarcentrifuges.


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8

Must Clarification

Centrifugeswithself-cleaning bowlsare usedfor

clarifyingthemust.Themachinesareequippedwith

a"self-thinkercontrolsystemorturbiditymeterto

ensurehighlyconcentratedsolidsdischargeandlow

mustlosses.

To prevent aeration of themust, hydrohermetic

(liquidseal)orhermeticdesignclarifiersareused.

Withhydrohermeticdesignthemustisdischarged

under pressure bymeans of a centripetalpump,

whereby,inaddition,astationarydiscsubmergedin

therotatingliquidcreatesaliquidseal.

Topreventcoarsesolidsfromenteringtheclarifier,

ortoobtainacertainpre-clarificationeffectwithextremelyhighsolidscontentinthefeedliquid,a

rotarybrushstrainerisinstalledaheadoftheclarifier.

Theuseofahydrocycloneintheclarifierfeedlinehas

provedmosteffectivewithrelativelyhighamounts

ofsandyparticlesinthemust.Thisreduceserosion

atthewearpartsofthebowl.

Advantages

Enhancementofqualitybyfastremovalof

solidsimmediatelyafterpressing(short

contacttime).Undesirablesolids,suchas

insecticides,de-acidizingsedimentandother

donotreachthefermentationstage

Productionofclearqualitywines

Efficientpre-clarificationpermitscontrolled

fermentationwithpureyeast

Comparedwithnaturaltanksedimentation

savingsintankspace,labourandtime.Inwarm

climatessavingsincoolingcapacityduetothe

immediateremovalofsolids.

Continuousprocessing

Verylowproductlosses LessSO2requirement

Oxygentransferringenzymesareremoved

with solids

Lessfiningagentsrequiredinthewine

Uniformfermentation.Thisenhancesthe

developmentofthewine(inwarmclimates

savingincoolingcapacity).

Reducedandhealthieryeastdeposits

Processingfreeofair

EasycleaningbyCIP(CIP=cleaning-in-place)

1Mashcontainer

2Pre-juicer

Screwpress

4Musttank

5Pump

6Rotarybrushstrainer

7Clarier

8Musttank

MMash

TLees

VTofermentation

1

2

3 6

4

75 8

T

V

Must clarification after screw press

M


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9

Storage of sweet reserve or

production of grape juice

The production of juice for sweet reserve is only

possiblewithefficientjuicepre-clarification.Clarifiers

forjuice/mustandwineclarificationcanalsobeused

forthispurpose.Thisalsoappliestotheproduction

ofgrape juicewhichrequires a higherdegreeof

clarification.

Capacity

Inordertoobtaintheoptimumdegreeofclarification

withtheclarifiersmentionedbelowforsweetreserve

orgrapejuiceproduction,throughputcapacitiesgiven

inthetableforclarificationofjuice/musthavetobe

reducedby/3.

Afterappropriate centrifugalpre-clarification the

mostdifficultfilteringproblemscanbeovercome

andconsiderablesavingsinfilteraidsachievedwith

superclarifiers(seepages14,15).

Herethesolidscontentinthemustcanbehigheror

lowerthanthatstatedabove,dependingonthetype

ofpressing.Inaddition,thevintagecanvaryfrom

year toyearwhichmayalter the specific gravity of

themustamongotherthings.

Itmustalsobeconsideredthattheclarifiersthrough-

putcapacitycanbeincreasedbypre-treatmentofthe

mustwithfiningagents.

Ifthesolidscontent(max.%byvol.)andthespecific

gravityofthemustareveryhigh,throughputcapacity

iscorrespondinglylower.Foreachwinerythecorrect

residualsolidscontentinclarifiedmustcanbeindi-

viduallyadjustedbyregulatingthroughputcapacity.

1Drainertank

2Tankpress

Musttank

4Pump

5Rotarybrush

strainer

6Clarier

7Musttank

MMash

TLees

VTofermentation

Must clarification after pneumatic press

* Capacities may vary according to juice

** Machine with cast steel solids collector

Westalia Separator ecoplus Westalia Separator hyvol clarifers Westalia Separator hydry clarifers

Max. capacity * Max. capacity * Max. capacity*

GSC 15 ** 1000 l / h GSE 30 4000 l / h GSC 45 6000 l / h

GSC 25 ** 2000 l / h GSE 50 5000 l / h GSC 75 8000 l / h

GSE 75 8000 l / h GSC 95 12,000 l / h

GSE 100 9000 l / h GSC 150 18,000 l / h

GSE 125 14,000 l / h GSC 250 21,000 l / h

GSE 180 15,000 l / h

GSE 200 20,000 l / h

GSE 300 21,000 l / h

1 2 3 64 75

T

V

M


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10

Must Clarification with Flotationin Clarifier Outlet

In this process, the clarifier is combined with a

flotationsystemtoclarifythemust.Aflotationsys-

temisinstalledintheoutletoftheclarifierforthis

purpose.Sterileairandgelatineareaddeddirectly

precedingtheconstantpressurevalve.Highdischarge

pressureofbarattheoutletoftheclarifieris

employed,whichisnecessarytodissolveoxygenin

adequate quantities and as small bubbles in the

product.3 g/hlofgelatinehasprovedtobethe

optimumquantitytoachieveanadequateflocculation.

Aroundl/mhasbeenfoundtobeasufficient

airvolumeforflotation.

Intheprocess,thefineturbidphase,remaininginsus-

pensiondirectlyaftertheclarifier,islargelyextracted

byflotation.Equally,solidscapableofcentrifuging

whichhave not beenextractedby the clarifierdue

tothehighercapacityarealsofloated.Thefoamrising

inthetankafterdepressurizationiscompletelystabi-

lizedbythefloatedsolidsandformsadefinitesepa-

ratinglayertotheclearphase.Theseparationofthe

turbidphasefromthepolishedmustafterdrainage

canbeconductedveryaccurately.

Thetankisdrainedfromthebottomtowardsfermen-

tation.Stablefoamremaininginthetankissprayed

out.Astheturbidphaseisdryandtheclearphase

canbedrainedasfarasthedefiniteseparatinglayer,

furtherprocessingoftheturbidphaseisunnecessary.


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11

Advantages

Aboutfivetimeslowerconsumptionofgelatine

andair.Thegreaterpartofsolidshasalready

beenextractedbytheclarifier

Foamvolumeisbyhalfsmallerthanwith

flotationonly

Versatileuseoftheclarifieralsoforclarifying

youngwine,forfining,processingturbidphases

andextractingtartratecrystals

Evencoldmusthavingbeguntoferment(10C),

whichisdifficulttoclarifybyflotation,canbe

easilyclarifiedinaclarifierwithflotationatthe

outlet

Theclarifiercanbeoperatedathigher

throughputratesatthecostofalowerdegree

ofclarification.Theremainingturbidphase

isfurtherreducedbyflotation.Thissaves

considerabletimeinautumn

Thehighpressureatthedischargeofthe

clarifierisemployedforflotation.Expensive

pressurepumpsorpressurizedvesselsare

unnecessary

Improvedclarificationstandardizationformust

fromdifferentpresssystemswhich,therefore,

havedifferenttrubcontents

1Drainertank

2Pre-juicer

Screwpress

4Musttank

5Pump

6Rotarybrushstrainer

7Clarier

8Gelatine/airfeed

9Staticmixer

10Musttank

MMashcontainer

TLees

VTofermentation

1

4 5 86 97

V

10

2

3

T

Influence of must pre-clarification

on fermentation process and

acetaldehyde formation with white

wine (from Troost 1988)

Acetaldehyde mg / lDegrees Oechsle

xx= bottling dateFermentation days

100

80

200

60

150

40

100

2050

0 0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 xx

Diagram showing the influence of must pre-clarification on fermentation process.

Clar ified (Oechsle)

Turbid phase (Oechsle)

Clari fied (acetaldehyde)

Turbid phase (acetaldehyde)

M

Must clarification with flotation in clarifier discharge


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12

Clarification of Wine, First Racking

Thesamecentrifugesareusedforclarifyingwine

andmust.Tasteandstabilityofthewinedepend

substantiallyonthemoment,degreeandmethodof

clarification.Particularlyturbidyoungwines,which

are difficult to clarifyby other methods, can be

easilyclarifiedinthecentrifuge.Inordertoprevent

aeration of thewine,hydrohermeticor hermetic

designclarifiersareused.Theseclarifierspromote

theunproblematicdevelopmentoffreshandelegant

wines. Clarifiers easily remove fining trub during

thesecondstage.

Advantages

Enhancedqualityasclarificationtakesplaceat

therightmoment

Productionofhighqualitywines

Noflavourimpairingbythewinebeinglefttoo

longontheyeast(possibleformationofH 2S)

Dependingonwhetherareductionofbiological

acidisdesired,residualcontentcanbe

individuallyadjustedbyregulatingthroughput

capacity

Processingfreeofair

NoCO2orbouquetlosses

EasycleaningbyCIP

Clarification of wine, first racking

1Fermentationtank

2Pump

High-peformance

clarier/clarifier

4Winetank

(ningtank)

MFrom

fermentationtank

TLees

VForultrane

clarication

1 4

T

VM

2 3


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13

Westalia Separator Westalia Separator Westalia Separatorecoplus hyvol clarifers hydry clarifers

High-perormance clarifers

Max. capacity * Max. capacity* Max. capacity * Max. capacity*

GSC 15 ** 2000 l / h GSE 30 8000 l / h GSC 45 11,000 l / h GRA 160 12,000 l / h

GSC 25 ** 5000 l / h GSE 50 12,000 l / h GSC 75 13,000 l / h GSA 500 28,000 l / h

GSE 75 13,000 l / h GSC 95 16,000 l / h

GSE 100 18,000 l / h GSC 150 28,000 l / h

GSE 125 20,000 l / h GSC 250 38,000 l / h

GSE 180 25,000 l / h

GSE 200 32,000 l / h

GSE 300 40,000 l / h

* Capacities may vary according to young wine


High quality wines characterize

clarification quality.


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14

Clarification of Wine before Polishing,

Second Racking (Fining Stage)

Thesameclarifiersusedforclarifyingmustandwine

duringfirstrackingcanalsobeusedforthisprocess.

Ifawineisfined,itisnotnecessaryaftertheappropri-

atereactiontimetowaitforcompletesedimentation

ofthesolidsbeforecentrifugalclarificationiscarried

out.Solidparticlesandfiningflocsstillinsuspension

canbeseparatedoutimmediately.

Advantages

Considerablyincreasedfilterlifeand

savingsinfilteraids

Immediateremovaloffiningagentafter

reactiontime

Fastfinishofready-for-salewines

Greatercompactionoffiningagent

Processingfreeofair

NoCO2orbouquetlosses

EasycleaningbyCIP

Clarification of wine before polishing, second racking (fining stage)

1 4

T

VM

2 3

1Finingtank

2Pump

High-performance

clarier/clarier

4Storagetank

MFromfermentation/

rstracking

TLees

VTobottling


15/52

15

Westalia Separator Westalia Separator Westalia Separatorecoplus hyvol clarifers hydry clarifers

Super clarifers

Max. capacity * Max. capacity * Max. capacity* Max. capacity*

GSC 15 ** 1000 l / h GSE 30 3000 l / h GSC 45 4000 l / h GRA 160 10,000 l / h

GSC 25** 2000 l / h GSE 50 5000 l / h GSC 75 6000 l / h GSA 500 24,000 l / h

GSE 75 6000 l / h GSC 95 8000 l / h

GSE 100 8000 l / h GSC 150 16,000 l / h

GSE 125 10,000 l / h GSC 250 25,000 l / h

GSE 180 13,000 l / h

GSE 200 20,000 l / h

GSE 300 28,000 l / h

* Capacities may vary according to fining agent



16/52

16

Wine Polishing

Sincewinemakingisnotacontinuousprocess,the

classicalclarifiercanbeusedforbothpre-clarifying

themustandforclarifyingthefreshlyfermented

wine. This is also the casewith thesuper clarifier

whichcanbeused forpolishingthewinebothafter

fining and after stabilization, thereby rendering

coventionalfiltrationstagessuperfluous.

Forwineswithresidual sugar content a sterilizing

filter should be installed behind the clarifier as

precautionary measure. This clarifier has been

developedforseparationofthefinestsolidparticles

whichpreviouslycouldberemovedonlybyfiltration.

Theclarifiershighbowlspeedofrpmproduces

acentrifugalfieldequivalenttoabout,times

theaccelerationduetogravity(g-factor=maximum

centrifugationfactor)

Production of wine and sparkling wine

Indegreeofachievableclarification,thesuperclari-

fieriscomparabletothediatomaceous-earthfilter.

With easily clarified wines clarification efficiency

extendsevenintothemicrobiologicalareaofsterilizing

filtration.Theuseofasterilizingfilterdownstreamis

recommended,however,asaprecautionarymeasure.

Largesavingsinfilteraidsareachievedbycentrifugal

polishersespeciallywithdifficultwines.

Thesuperclarifierhasalsoprovedverysuccessfulfor

polishingsweetreservewhichmustbefilterablein

theshortestpossibletime.

TypeEective capacity in winepolishing

GSA 500 24,000 28,000 l / h

GRA 160 12,000 l / h

GSE 65 7000 l / h

GSE 160 12,000 l / h

GSE 230 18,000 l / h

GSE 400 24,000 l / h

* Depending on the type of wine and pre-treatment.

Discharged liquid is so highly polished that it can

immediately be passed through a filter (e. g. sterilizing

filter).


17/52

17

1Musttank

2Pump

Rotarybrushstrainer

4Clarier/

ultraneclarier*

5Fermentationtank

6Pump

7Intermediatetank

8Pump

9Stabilizingtank

10Pump

11Storagetank

12Pump

1Filtration

PSolids

Multi-functionality of clarifier* Clarifier for multifunctional use

5

8

6

9

71 4*

P

2 3 4*

4* 4* 11 1213

P P

10

P P

Advantages

Continuousoperation

Greateryield

Nopigmentlossesduetoabsorption

Nolossofbouquet

Nointakeofoxygen

NoSO2orCO2losses

Noimpairmentofflavour

Useoffilteraidsreducedtominimum

Clear wine

Product low on

bacteria (but

not microbiologically

ensured)

Removal of insoluble

pigments, no pigments

lost by absorption

Colloidal substances

largely removed only

with fining

Absolute physio-

chemical stability of the

wine after stabilization

Fining StabilizingTurbid wine

Yeast / bacteria Pigments Colloids Other sedimentsSubstancesremoved

Results

immediately

Later

High-performance clarifier

Results obtained when clarifying turbid wine in the centrifugal fieldof a High-performance clarifier.


18/52

18

Clarification of Still Wine

for Sparkling Wine Production

Removal of residual yeast

Finished still wines (champagne stock) are used

toproducesparklingwines.Someofthesewines

stillcontainresidualyeastwhichisremovedbyself-

cleaningclarifiers.

Removal of ning trub

Afterthat,finingofthewineisnecessarytobringabout

precipitationofproteinandironcompounds.Both

clarifyingstages,removalofyeastandfiningagents,

arecarried outin accordancewiththe following

diagram.

Advantages Savingsinfilteraidsandincreasedfilterlife

Separatedfiningagentisreadyfordisposal

EasycleaningbyCIP

Clarification of sparkling wine

1Wineorningtank

2Pump

Clarier

4Winetank

MFromfermentation

tank(stillwine)

TLeesprocessing

VTotankfermentation

(sparklingwine)

1

T

M

2 3 4

V


19/52

19

* Capacities may vary according to still wine / turbid phase





Westalia Separator ecoplus

Max. capacity* Max. capacity* Removal o residual yeast Removal o fning agents

GSC 15 ** 1000 l / h 1000 l / h

GSC 25** 2000 l / h 1500 l / h

Westalia Separator hyvol clarifer


GSE 30 4000 l / h 2000 l / h

GSE 50 7000 l / h 3000 l / h

GSE 75 8000 l / h 4000 l / h

GSE 100 10,000 l / h 5000 l / h

GSE 125 12,000 l / h 6000 l / h

GSE 180 16,000 l / h 9000 l / h

GSE 200 20,000 l / h 12,000 l / h

GSE 300 30,000 l / h 15,000 l / h

Westalia Separator hydry clarifer


GSC 45 6000 l / h 3000 l / h

GSC 75 8000 l / h 4000 l / h

GSC 95 10,000 l / h 5000 l / h

GSC 150 16,000 l / h 8000 l / h

GSC 250 23,000 l / h 11,000 l / h

Super clarifer

Max. capacity*Removal o residual yeast

GRA 160 10,000 l / h

GSA 500 28,000 l / h


20/52

20

Clarification of Sparkling Wine

Withbulktankprocessingclarificationiscarried

outtoproduceaclear,yeast-freesparklingwine.The

momentfortheyeasttobeseparatedfromtheraw

sparklingwineisdeterminedbyprocessconditions,

resultsof fermentation inspection, chemical and

microbiologicaltestsandthequalityrequiredofthe

sparklingwine.

Generally,clarificationiscarriedoutshortlybefore

bottling.

Today,bothbulkandbottle("transvasement"process)

fermentedsparklingwinescanbepre-clarifiedand

polishedinself-cleaninghydrohermeticdesigndisc-

bowlcentrifuges.

Subsequentfiltrationwithplatefilters,withconsid-

erable savingsin filter aids, producesclear,stable

sparklingwines.

Advantages

Nolossofcarbondioxide,alcoholorbouquet

substance

Pre-filtrationiseliminated,onlyfinalpolishing

bymeansofaplatefilternecessary

Processingfreeofair

EasycleaningbyCIP


21/52

21

1Pressurizedfermentation

tank

2Clarier,

hydrohermeticdesign

Pressuretank

MStabilizedandpolished

stillwinebefore

thesecondalcoholic

fermentation

RPureyeastculture

WLees

FToltration

ZSugar

Transvasement process with bottle fermentation

1

W

M

2 3

F

RZ


22/52

22

Champagne Production

Thename"Champagneisreservedexclusivelyfor

the Frenchwine-growingChampagne region(the

mountainssurroundingReims,MarneValley,Cte

desBlancs,L'Aube,L'Aisne).Champagneconsistsof

redandwhitegrapes.

1Press

2Pump

Musttanks

4 Pump

5Clarier

6Fermentationtank

7Pump

8Clarier

(toclarifystillwine)

9Cooling

10Reactiontank

(precipitation)

11Pump

12Clarier(clarication)

1Pressuretank

14Additionofsugar

andyeast

15Bottlefermentation

16Icingofbottlenecks

beforeyeastremoval

17Champagne

MGrapereceivingpointPSolids

Clarification of still wine for champagne and sparkling wine

1

M

2 3

P

4 5 6 7

13

12 11 10 9 8

P

14 15 16 17

The three types of approved grapes are:

PinotNoir,redgrapes(pressedwhite)

PinotMeunier,redgrapes(pressedwhite)

ChardonnayBlanc,whitegrapes

P


23/52

23

Intheprocessshownonpagethesamecentrifuge

canbeusedforpre-clarifyingmustandstillwine.

Advantages of clarifying still wine

with a clarier

Continuousoperation

Higheryield

Nointakeofoxygen

Noimpairmentofflavourbyfilteringadditives

Productionoftypicalstillwinespureincolour

Nodamagetotheenvironmentbyused

filteringadditives

Advantages of primary must clarication

with a clarier

Fastextractionofsolidsimmediatelyafter

pressing

Enhancementofquality

Savingsoftankspace,labourandtime

comparedtonaturaltanksedimentation

Uniformfermentationofclarifiedmustboosting

thedevelopmentofthewine


24/52

24

Tartrate Stabilization

and Crystal Separation

Onepossibilityofpreventingtartrateprecipitation

(potassiumhydrogentartrate)inbottledwinesiscool-

ingoveraperiodof3todays.

With cooling, tartrate is precipitated andcan be

extractedbyfiltration.Onlythenisthewinebottled.

Thisprocessistimeandenergyconsumingaswell

ascostintensive.

The tartrate stabilization and extraction process

offersareliableandeconomicsolution.Thispro-

cesscombinesreliabilityofaknownandwell-tried

"contactprocesswiththeadvantagesofcentrifugal

crystalseparation.Itcanbeusedforstabilizingwine,

sparklingwineandgrapejuice.Reactiontimehereis

reducedtoabouthours.

Atfirst,thewineiscooleddowntostabilizationtem-

perature.Nextfollowstheadditionoftartratevaccina-tartratevaccina-vaccina-

tioncrystals.Intermediatestorageofcooledandvac-

cinatedwinefollowsinisolatedtanksequippedwith

stirrers.Theturbulence,generatedaccordingtothe

adjustedstirringintensity,keepsthecontacttartrate

floatingduringthewholereactiontimeandsepara-

tionphase.Afteradequateretentiontime(stabiliza-

tionphase),separationoftartratebyhydrocyclone

andclarifier(separationphase)takesplace.

Pageshowsthecorrespondingprocess.

With this process tartrate is separated

in two fractions:

Inhydrocyclonesfractionalextractionoftartrate

crystalstakesplaceaswellaswashing.The

addedcontacttartrateiscleanedfromresidues

anddepositsandcompletelyseparated.Thus

optimumconditionsaregivenforfrequent

reusageofcontacttartrateoverseveralyears (recycling).

Inclarifierscompactgrainedtartrateis

extracted(aswellassubstancessusceptible

tofreezingmainlyprotein)andmustbe

separated.Ithasnoabrasivepropertiessothat

damagetothebowlisexcluded.


25/52

25

1

2 3

8

7

5

10

4

6

9

11

1Tank

2Pump

Cooler

4Reactiontank

5Pump

6Hydrocyclone

7Pump

8Clarier

9Tartratetank

10Pump

11Storagetank

Tartrate stabilization and separation process by the GEA Westfalia Separator Group

Unwanted crystal sedimentation in bottled wine


26/52

26

Tartrate Crystals withVarying Usage Periods

Thefiguresshowmicrographsoftartratecrystals

afterdifferentusagetimes.

Aftertheirfourthre-usage(centremicrograph)their

crystalsurfacedevelopsakindof"slatelandscape.

Thecrystalsactivecentresareclearlyvisible;they

appearmorefrequentlyandarecompletelyclean.

Themicrograph on the right shows vaccination

crystalsafterseveralmonthsofusageinredwine

stabilization.Surprisingly,thecrystalshereareround-

shapedandhaveacleansurface.Moreover,contact

tartraterecycledbyhydrocyclonesalsolosesitssharp

edgesandtransformsintoaglobularshapeinthe

courseoftimeduringcontinuoususage.Atthesame

timeitundergoesacontinuousregenerationdueto

collectionofsurplustartrateduringthestabilization

phase,

Throughthewashingeffectinhydrocyclones

beforetheseparationprocess

Throughmechanicalinfluenceslikepumps,

stirrersetc.

In comparisonto new contact tartrate, character-

izedbylargecrystallizationactivity,thisprocessof

reusing vaccination crystals for several months

leadsto avisiblegrowthofactivecentrescoupled

withcleansurfaces.

Higheconomicefficiencyofthenewtartratestabi-

lizationandseparationprocessisamongothersdue

tomultipleapplicationpossibilitiesoftheclarifier.

Itmayalsobeusedforclassicalclarificationtasksin

juice,wineandsparklingwineproduction.

Capacityrangeaccording toplantsizeis to

,l/h.

Electron-microscopical micrograph of new

contact tartrate (vaccination crystals)

customary in trade. Particle size is between

20 and 50 m. 300-times magnified.

Electron-microscopical micrograph of

contact tartrate after having used

vaccination crystals for several months

in red wine stabilization; separation

by hydrocyclone. 300-times magnified.

Electron-microscopical micrograph of

contact tartrate after fourth re-usage in

white wine stabilization; separation by

hydrocyclone. 300-times magnified.


27/52

27

Advantages of Tartrate Stabilization Process

Continuousoperationbecauseofasemi-

continuousprocess

Variablethroughputcapacities

Reducedspacerequirements

Centrifugecanbeapplieduniversallyevenfor

must,wineandsparklingwineclarification

Highreusagecapacityofrecycledtartrate

Nofurthertreatmentbyprocesstechnology

required

Easyoperationbecauseofhighautomation Flexibleprocess(clarificationofred,rosand

whitewines,aswellassparklingwinesand

grapejuices)

Savingofenergy

Finalproductcompletelymeetsthe

marketshighstabilityrequirements

Thecontactprocessskipsthetime-consuming

contaminationphase,asthewineorsparkling

wineisvaccinatedwithcertainvaccination

crystals.Thus,thewholecontactperiod

becomesaveryefficientstabilizationtime.

Cyclone station and separator in a German large-scale winery, used for tartrate separation, capacity up to 25,000 l / h.


28/52

28

Operating Principles and

Constructional Features of Clarifiers

Theaccumulatedknow-howofseveraldecadeshas

enabledtehGEAWestfaliaSeparatorGrouptoadaptits

centrifugespreciselytotheexactneedsofthewine

industry.Intheearlydayschamberbowlclarifiers

were used in wineries. These were later replaced

with self -cleaning clarifiers to satisfy the need for

continuousoperationalprocesses.

Self-cleaning clariers

Clarifierswithself-cleaningbowlsareusedbothby

smallandlargewineries.Theyoperatecontinuously

without interruption . The optimum moment for

solidsdischargeisinitiatedbytheclarifiersphoto-

electriccontrolsystem.

Theseclarifiersareequippedwithadisc-typebowl

andinternallyorexternallyoperatingslidingpiston.

Theliquidisfastandgentlyclarifiedinthediscstack,

wherebythesolidsflowoutwardsandcollectin the

sedimentholdingspace.Assoonastheoptimum

momentforejectionisreached,themobilepistonis

hydraulicallyopened.Thesolidsareinstantlyejected

atfullbowlspeedandthepistonreturnstotheclosed

position.Clarifiedliquidisextractedbycentripetal

pumpsfoamfreeandunderpressure.Iftheliquid

shouldnotcomeintocontactwithatmosphericairto

preventlossesofSO2,CO2,andbouquetaroma,these

clarifierscanbesuppliedinhydrohermetic(liquid

seal)design.

Hydrohermetic design

Intheseclarifierscontactoftheproductwithatmos-

phericairispreventedwithouttheaidofmechanical

sealsbymeansofacentripetalpump,whereby,inaddi-

tion,astationarydiscsubmergedintherotatingliquid

createsaliquidseal.Thisnotonlypreventsatmos-

phericcontactofcentrifugedproductbut,further-

more,lossofCO2,SO2,aswellasaromaticsubstances.


29/52

29

Clariers with integrated

sound insulation

Besidesefficientandeconomicaloperation,design

measures for the improvement of environmental

conditionsarealsoimportanttoday.Greaterattention

hasbeendevotedtothewishesofwineproducersfor

areductionofnoiselevelsinthedesignofthelatest

typesofclarifiers.Byintegratingsoundinsulationin

theclarifierandclosedproductdischargeaswellas

usingnewlow-noisedrivemotors,noiselevelshave

beenconsiderablyreduced.

Theoperatingnoise(soundpressurelevel)ofthese

clarifiersislessthandB(A).Externalsoundinsulation

measuresarenotnecessary.

Westfalia Separator hydrostop system

for controlled bowl cleaning

Thenewbowlhydraulicsystem(WestfaliaSeparator

hydrostop)bytheGEAWestfaliaSeparatorGroup

ensuresfastandaccurateextractionofsolids.Extrac-

tedquantitiescanbepreselectedduringoperation.

Productfeedisnotinterrupted.Solidsarehighlycon-

centratedwhichpreventslosses.


30/52

30

Westfalia Separator hyvol and hydry

machine generations cover the complete

capacity demand

WithWestfalia Separator hyvol andWestfalia

Separator hydrytwonewclarifierfamiliesare

presented. Both series perfectly and completely

cover,eachwithoptimummachinesizes,thetotal

capacity demand in beverage and food industry.

WestfaliaSeparatorhyvolandhydryclarifiershave

been optimized according to customer benefit

andtheirfastintegrationintoindividualoperational

processes.ThebasisofWestfaliaSeparatorhyvolis

theprovisionofmaximumeffectivecapacitywith

giveninvestmentvolume.

WithWestfaliaSeparatorhyvol,theGEAWestfalia

SeparatorGrouppresentsacleaningsystemforplung-ervalves.Usingthehydohermeticfeederminimizes

negativeeffectsoftransverseactionsandguaran-

teesoptimumclarificationefficiency.Clarification

performanceandproductqualityaresubsequently

at an optimum. Hydrohermetic sealing prevents

product contaminationwith atmosphericair.This

sealingcombinesoptimumCIPcapacitywithmain-

tenancefreedom.

OnelastfeaturecommontoallWestfaliaSeparator

hyvolclarifiersistheextremelyfastcleaningvalves.

Theykeepproductlossduringclarifiercleaningas

smallaspossible.

WithWestfaliaSeparatorhydryclarifiers,devel-

opment has concentrated on reaching thehighest

possible dry substance contents of centrifuged

solids.Drysubstancecontentsofto%v/vare

with these machines within standard tolerances

duetotheWestfaliaSeparatorhydrostopcleaning

principle.Theoptimumdrysubstanceconcentration

finds expression inveryshortamortizationtimes,

particularlywhenprocessinglargevolumesofliq-

uidasinwineproduction.Productlossisextremely

low.AllWestfaliaSeparator hydrylikeWestfalia

Separator

hyvol

clarifiersareequippedwithbeltdrive.They,moreover,excelwithmultifunctionality.

Westfalia Separator hyvol and

hydryclarifiers have been

optimized with regard to customer

benefit and fast integration into

individual operational processes.


31/52

31

Capacity factor results from:

Bowlspeed

Discangle

Discnumber

Discdiameter

Clarifiers are gearedto highest possible effective

capacity.Optimizationofcapacityfactorislimited.

Bowlspeeddependson theapprovedstresslimits

fortools.

Discangle,diameter,andnumberhavetobegeared

todifferingproducts.

With high solid substance input in the feed,for

examplemustclarification,theeffectivecapacityalsodependsonthesizeofthesolidsspaceandthepos-

siblecleaningfrequency.

Westfalia Separator ecoplus clariers

for economic wine production with low

capacity range

TheGEAWestfaliaSeparatorGrouphasdevelopeda

newclarifiergenerationforlowcapacities.

Themachineseries,soldunderthenameWestfalia

Separatorecopluseconomyandmorepresent

low-costalternativestoexistingsolid-liquidsepara-

tionsystemsinwineproduction.

TheclarifiertypesGSC15andGSC25havebeen

optimizedparticularlyformustandwineclarifica-

tion.Thesemachines,developedaccordingtothenew

standardization concept, can be used for must

clarificationwithintherangeofl/hto3l/h

andforwineclarificationfrom3l/htol/h.

Theirbasicequipmentcontainsalotofthefeatures

havingmadethe GEAWestfalia Separator Group

c larif iers indispensable in wine production.

Part of the new development concept is the

traditionalWestfaliaSeparatorhydrostop system.

With thissystem the centrifuged turbidphase is

dischargedfrom themachine ina particularly dry

state.Theadvantageforwineproductionismaximum

wineyield.Nootherclarifier systemcanbeemployed

insuchavalueaddingway.A furtherhighlightis

hydrohermetic sealing which prevents productcontact with atmospheric air and thus oxygen

intake.

Clarifier generation for low capacity range:

GSC 25 particularly for must

and wine clarification.


32/52

32

Control Systems for

Fully Automatic Operations

Differentclarifier controlsystemsareavailableto

achieveuniformlowresidualmoisturecontentwith

fluctuatingsolidsconcentrationsandvaryingproduct

throughput.Thesecontrolsystemsensurethatsolids

areejectedattheoptimummoment.Clarifyingefficiency

fallsif thesedimentholdingspaceofthecentrifuge

overfills.Ifitisnotoptimallyfilled,ejectionlosses

increaseandeffectivethroughputfallsbecauseof

unnecessarilyincreasedejectionfrequency.

Scanning of sediment holding space

Withthissystemtheoptimumlevelofsolidsinthe

sedimentholdingspaceismonitoredbymeansof

sensingliquid.Interruptionofsensingliquidflow

whentheoptimumlevelofsolidsis reachedcauses

animpulsetobesenttothecontrolunittoinitiate

ejection.Highconcentrationofsolidsisattainable

withthissystemwhichisalsosuitableforprocessing

opaqueliquidsorfluctuatingsolidscontent.

Photo-electric control

Thissystemmonitorstheclarifiedliquidphase.A

controldevice(e.g.lightbarrier)inthedischargeline

registersturbidityandinitiatestheautomaticbowl

ejectionprogrammesequencewhenapresetturbidity

thresholdvalueisreachedorexceeded.Thiscontrol

systemisemployedforfeedstockswhicharetranslu-

centandhaveafluctuatingsolidscontentorvarying

productflow.Itensuresthatthedegreeofclarification

ofthedischargingliquidremainsconstant.

Thecontrol unitsused in conjunctionwith these

controlsystemscanbeset,dependingonthesolids

content,for

Partialortotalejection

Combinationofpartialandtotalejection

Flushejectionaftereachtotalejection

Automatic operation of self-cleaning clarifiers and

optimumusageofthroughputcapacityareachieved

bymeansofthesecontrolsystemswhichhavebeen

designedcloselybasedontheknow-howofthewine

industry.

Automatic control by monitoring the

sediment holding space of the bowl

with sensing liquid

Automatic control by photo-electric

cell in discharge line

1Proximityswitch

2Flowmeter

Sensingliquidpump

4Controlunit

5Discs

6Inletofsensingliquid

overseparatingdisc

7Operatingwatervalve

8Clarifyingdiscfor

sensingliquid

9Centripetalpump

10Dischargeofclaried

liquid

11Feed

1Controlunit

2Dischargepump

Feed

4Photo-electriccell

5Dischargeof

clariedliquid

6Discs

7Operatingwater

valve

1

2

34

56

8

9

1011

7

4

6

7

52

1

3


33/52

33

High-Performance Clarifiers

Theseclarifierscanbesuppliedinhermeticorhydro-

hermeticdesign.Duetotheuseofnewhigh-tensile

materials,centrifugalforcescanbeachievedupto

,timestheaccelerationduetogravity.Thus

solidparticlesdowntosizesintheorderof.m

canbecentrifugallyremoved.

Operating principles

Thefeedstockflowsintothebowlthroughthefeed

inletandisclarifiedinthediscstack.Clarifiedliquid

istransportedbycentripetalpumpfoamfreeand

underpressuretotheoutlet.

Separated solids collect in the sediment holding

space () and are ejected at periodic intervals

throughports().Solidsejectionisinitiatedbythe

controlunit.Theoperatingwater,whichdoesnot

comeintocontactwiththeproduct,isonlyrequired

duringejection.

Pre-separation of coarse and

erosive solids

Theincreasingmechanisationofwineharvestingand

processingalsoimplicatesproblems.Themusttobe

processedcontainsatalargerscaleerosiveandcoarse

solids.Theseimpuritiesmustberemovedbeforeclari-

ficationtoassurecontinuousprocessingandavoid

erosionandotherfaultsontheclarifier.

Depending on the character

of the must either

Rotarybrushstrainersor

Hydrocyclones

canbeused.

Rotary brush strainers should, in any event, be

installedupstreamforremovalofcomponentssuch

asstems,seedsandskins.Thisreducestheloadonthe

clarifier.Rotarybrushstrainersarealsoparticularly

suitableforscreeninghigh-temperature-short-time

(HTST)treatedmashafterpressing.Thistreatment

preventsblockagesanddepositsintheplateheat

exchanger.

Hydrocyclonescanbegainfullyinstalledwhen,for

example,themustcontainsexcessiveamountsofsandduetomechanicalharvestingofthegrapes.

Thecorrectarrangementoftheinstallationisimpor-

tantwhenbothdevicesareused.Rotarybrushstrain-

ersmustalwaysbeinstalledupstreaminorderto

eliminateblockagesinthehydrocyclone.

The optimum position for both unitsis between

pressandmusttank.Thustheeffectsofclarifier

ejections and solids fluctuations are eliminated.

Iflocalconditionsoruseofmobileplantsprevent

choiceofthislocation,thenrotarybrushstrainersand

hydrocyclonesshouldbeinstalleddirectlybeforethe

clarifier.

Rotary brush strainers

Rotarybrushstrainersoperatecontinuously.Because

oftheircloseddesign,airisexcluded.Rawmustisfed

intothestrainerthroughtheinlet.Solidscollectedon

theinsideofthecylindrical,perforatedstrainerinsert

arepusheddownintotheconicalsedimentholding

spacebyrotatingscrapers.Theycanbedischarged

periodicallythroughthesolidsoutlet.Atangentially

arrangedflushingconnectionservesforcleaningthe

strainer.Suitablerotarybrushstrainersareavailable

invarioussizesforallself-cleaningclarifiers.

Rotary Brush Strainers

and Hydrocyclones in Wineries


34/52

34

Advantages

Reducedloadonclarifier

Closedstrainerdesignexcludesair

Installationintopressurizedsystempossible

Hydrocyclones

Hydrocyclonesarecentrifugalseparatorswhichfind

application,amongotherthings,forseparationand

classificationofsolidssuspendedinliquids.

Inthewineindustrytheyareusedfordesandingthe

mustinordertoprotectthevaluableclarifierbowl

fromwearaswellasfortartrateseparation.

Becauseoftheircloseddesign(sealingoflowerpart

byso-calledgritpot),O2intakeandmustlossesare

avoided.Sand-containingmustentersthehydrocy-

cloneattherequiredpressurepthroughtheinlet.

Sandparticlespassthroughtheapexnozzleintothe

gritpot.Thede-sandedmustleavesthehydrocyclone

through the outlet.Sand particles are discharged

discontinuously through the valve. The opening

processcanbecarriedoutmanuallyorautomatically

withtheaidofatimer.

Feed

Outlet

Solids

Feed

Outlet

Solids

Hydrocyclone

Rotary brush strainer


35/52

35

CharacteristicsDecantersaresolidsorientedcentrifugeswithasolid-

wallbowl. Aconveyorscrew(scroll)conveyssolidsto

theoutletports,throughwhichtheyarecontinuously

discharged.Decantersaremainlyusedforclarification

ofliquidswithhighsolidscontent.Slightlyvarying

solidscontentintheproductfeedhaslittleeffecton

thedegreeofclarificationorseparation.

Decanters nd application in large

wineries for:

Clarificationofmust

Concentrationofsedimentfrommusttanks

Pre-clarificationofleesfromfermentation

tanks

Concentrationoffiningagents

Using decanters for these applications ensures

optmumyieldofmustandwine,as,forexample,the

continuouslydischargedsolidsarereadyfordisposal.

Afurtherimportantfactorissavingsinfilteraids.

Decanters in the Wine Industry

Decanters in various designs: Decanterswithdischargeofclarifiedliquid

underpressure.Withthisdesignclarified

liquidisdischargedfoamfreeandunder

pressurebyaparingdisc(centripetalpump)

Decanterswithgravitydischargeofclarified

liquid.Clarifiedliquidisdischargedintoa

balancetankorotherprocessingunits

Decantersingas-tightdesign.Thesedecanters

areusedwhenoxidationoftheincoming

productmustbeavoided.Connectionsforinert

gasblanketingareprovidedwiththesetypes


36/52

36

Advantages of decanters

Highyield

Continuousoperation.Processingtimes

arepracticallyunlimited(round-the-clock

operation).

Automaticoperationand,thereby,

reducedcostoflabour

Dischargedsolidsreadyfordisposal

Savingsinfilteraids

Versatileprocessingpossibilities

Capacities data

Capacitiesindicatedinthisbrochureforthedifferentmodels are effective throughput capacities. They

differfromcomparisoncapacitieswhicharedesign

related.

Comparison capacity

Comparisoncapacityreferstothedifferentdecan-

tersproducedbytheGEAWestfaliaSeparatorGroup

andislowerthanthemax.throughputcapacity.

Effective capacity

Effectivecapacityisproductandprocessrelated.It

dependsonclarifiabilityoffeedmixture,concen-

trationofsolidsinthefeed,permissibleresidualmoisture

contentofdischargedsolids,andonthesolidscontent

ofclarifiedliquid.Decanterscanbelargelyadapted

totheseconditionsandrequirements.


37/52

37

Continuous juicing of heated-mash red grapes

1Stemmer

2Pump

3Intermediate

tank

4Pump

5Tubularheat

exchanger

6Heaterwith

holdingsection

7Plateheat

exchanger

8Tank

9Decanter

MGrapes

PSolids

Inmanufacturingheated-mashredwines,redgrape

mashisslowlyagitated,e.g.byahorizontalstirrer,to

ensurehomogenousfeed.

The mash is continuously short-time heated to

Cforminutesandthenfeddirectlyand

immediatelytothedecanter.

Afurtherprocessisthepressingoffermented-mash

redgrapes,whicharealsokeptinahomogenous

stateinthefermentationtankbyslowlyrotating,

large,horizontalstirrers.Whenthedesireddegreeof

fermentation has been reached, this mash is

Westfalia Separatorvinex

Continuous Grape Juicing

continuously juiced in the decanter. Almost the

entireyeastisalsoextractedinthedecanterandthe

downstreamclarifyingstagecan,therefore,beavoided

oratleastheavilyreduced.

Anotherprocessisthejuicingofwhitegrapemash

whichisalsokeptinahomogenousstateinthemash

tankbyslowlyrotating,large,horizontalstirrers.The

mashispressedcontinuously,directly,andwithout

longdwelltimesinthedecanter.

An additional pre-treatment process extending

beyondstemmingto openingthe grapes, e.g. by

additionalcrushing,isunnecessarywhenjuicingis

conductedinadecanter.Thegrapesaresufficiently

openedbythede-pippingprocessforgentle,rapid

andcontinuousjuicinginthedecanter.

The colour andtasteof the juicewhichhasbeen

extractedwithcentrifugalforceareoptimum.The

lowlevelofresidualturbiditymeansthatthepost-

treatmentbymeansofclarificationwhichhaspre-

viouslybeennecessary isnow superfluous,and the

bittergrapeseedsarenotdamaged.

Continuous juicing of red grapes after a Thermo-Flash

installation

2

M

P

4

1

3

5

7

8

6

9


38/52

38

1Stemmer2Pump

Mashtank

4Pump

5Decanter

6Conveyorbelt

7Plateheatexchanger

8Musttank

MGrapes

PSolids

1Stemmer

2Pump

Mashtank

4Pump

5Decanter

6Extractionofsolids

7Plateheatexchanger

8Tank

MGrapes

PSolids

1Stemmer

2Pump

Mashtank

4Pump

5Decanter

6Retentiontank

7Fermentationtank

8Air/

nitrogenaddition

9Gelatineaddition

10Conveyorbelt

MGrapes

PSolids

Continuous juicing of white grapes

Continuous juicing of fermented-mash grapes

Continuous juicing of white grapes with flotation

1 2

3

P

8

M

4

10

6

7

9

5

1 2

7

8

3

4

P

5

6

M

1 2

7

8

3

4

P

5

6

M


39/52

39

Red WhiteType mash-heated / depending on the

mash-ermented condition o the grapes

GCE 205-01 2 3 t / h 1 t / h

GCE 305-01 4 t / h 2 3 t / h

GCE 345-01 6 t / h 3 4 t / h

GCA 501-01 10 t / h 5 6 t / h

GCE 535-01 18 t / h 9 10 t / h

GCE 755-01 30 t / h 17 18 t / h

Rapid and gentle

Theexpertsallagree.Intermsoftasteandquality,

decanterredwinesareexactlythesameaswines

producedwithpresses.Theanalyticalresultspre-

ferdecanterwines,andtastetestslikewise.Andtheprocessalsoresultsintimesavings.Thisisbecause

theWestfaliaSeparatorvinexprocessmeansthat

itisnolongernecessaryforthemashtobeallowed

tostandforseveralhours.

Eventhemostmodernpresssystemsarenotable

to avoid problems such as inhomogeneous juice

quality, complicatedlogisticsdue to theneed for

pre-andpost-stackingofthemash,lessthanperfect

hygiene andsignificant quantities of lees in the

juice. Itis not surprisingthatthe newWestfalia

Separatorvinexprocesshasbeenreceivedextremely

enthusiastically.Pneuma

ticpress

85.9

Red wine

Yield comparison (%)

Press and Westfalia Separator vinex decanter

82.5

Screwpress

Decanter

84.4


40/52

40

Stemmer

Agitator tanks

Heating

Mash tanks

Press

Clarification

Fermentation

Juice extraction

conventional

Stemmer

Agitator tanks

Decanter

Option: Clarification

Fermentation

Juice extraction

with decanterBenefits

Continuous

process

No buffer tanks,

mash tanks

Multifunctional

Heating


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41

1. Gentle process

Theuseofcentrifugalforcemeansthattheprocess

ofjuicingintheWestfaliaSeparatorvinex method

isextremelygentle.

2. Continuous method of operation

TheWestfaliaSeparatorvinexprocesspermitsa

continuousmethodofoperationinanenclosedsys-

tem.Unwantedoxidationcanbeavoidedinthisway.

3. Top quality wines

Tanninagentandpotassiumcontentareindicationsofthemechanicalstrainimposedonthemash.With

decanterwines,theseparametersareidenticaland,

inpart,lowercomparedwithwinesproducedwith

thepress.Theextractiontimeinadecanterismuch

shorter.Thisaspectminimizesenzymeactionand

changesinmashconstituentsandqualityisimproved.

Themicrobeloadisalsoreducedduetotherapid

separationofmashintojuiceandpomace.

4. High yield

Theyieldcanbeboostedcomparedwiththetradi-

tionalmethod.

5. Uniform must quality

Thejuicingprocessinvolvingdecantersguaranteesa

uniformjuicequality.Evenverysmallbatchescanbe

processedinadecanterwithoutanyproblems.

6. Minimal residual yeast

Inmash-fermentedredwineprocessing,almostthe

entireyeastisremovedwiththedecantermethod.

Under optimum conditions therefore, secondary

clarificationisnotnecessaryorcanatleastbecarried

outwithlowerlevelsofload.

7. Extremly simple cleaning

Thecompactenclosedsystemmeansthatdecanters

areeasytoclean.Thissavestimeandreducesthe

strainimposedontheenvironment.

8. Flexible and reliable

Decanters can be used in a flexible manner for

processingvariousproducts.Theoptimumquantity

oftrubinthejuicecanbeadjustedasrequired.

9. Simple and space-saving

Thedecantersfeatureacompactandspace-savingdesign.Installationissimple,andthespacerequire-

mentislow.

10. Mobile applications

Thecompactdesignmeansthatmobileapplicationof

thedecanterispossible.Itcanforinstancebehired

outtoexternaloperations.

10 Good Reasons


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3

13

1 5

7

10

14

8

11

6

12P

9

2

4

42

Red wine production

1Stemmer

2Pump

Heatexchanger

4Heaterwith

holdingsection

5Drainertank

6Pre-juicer

7Screwpress

8Pump

9Pump

10Pump11Mustcollecting

tank

12Pump

1Decanter

14Fermentationtank

PSolids

Clarification of Must

from Screw Press / Tank Press


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43

ThismethodofoperationconformstoCalifornian

conditions(USA).Pre-clarificationofmustleavingthe

drainertankisnotnecessaryasthesolidscontentis

onlyabout%byvol.This"free-runmustisfed

withoutpre-clarification into thefermentationtank.

Dependingontheholdingtimeinthedrainertank,

the totalvolumeof mustrecoveredby thisstatic

methodamountsto%.Themustrecovered

fromthecontinuouspre-juicerandscrewpressnor-

mallyhasasolidscontentof%byvol.This

highlyturbidmustisreducedtoapprox.3%byvol.

bymeansofadecanterandfedtothedrainermust

inthefermentationtank.

Advantages

Fullycontinuousprocessing

Solidscollectreadyfordisposal

Nofiltersrequiredforsedimentremoval

Type Max. eective capacity

GCE 205-01 3500 l / h

GCE 305-01 7500 l / h

GCE 345-01 9500 l / h

GCA 501-01 15,000 l / h

GCE 535-01 27,000 l / h

GCA 755-01 45,000 l / h


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44

1Stemmer 2Pump

3Drainertank

4Pre-juicer

5Screwpress

6Pump

7Pump

8Pump

9Mustcollectingtank

10 Pump

11Decanter

12Fermentationtank

PSolids

1Stemmer

2Pump

3Drainertank

4Pre-juicer

5Screwpress

6Pump

7Pump

8Pump

9Mustcollectingtank

10 Pump

11Pump

12Clarier

13Decanter

14Fermentationtank

PSolids

Alternative process for white wine

Inthisprocessthethreemustfractionsobtainedwhen

recoveringthemust,the"free-run"must,mustfrom

thepre-juicerandpressedmustfromthescrewpress

arefedintoacommonbuffertank.Afteracertaintime

allowedforsedimentation,thesupernatantfairlyclear

mustisfedwiththeaidofafloatsuctiondeviceto

theclarifierforclarification.Theconcentratedmust

andsedimentinthelowerpartofthetankisfedto

thedecanter.Thetwoclearphasesfromclarifierand

decanterarethenfedintothefermentationtankand

fermented.

Effective capacities

Clariers:

See"MustClarification,

page

Decanters:

See"ConcentrationofLeesfromMustTanks,

page

White wine production

1

6

7

2

3

4

129

1011

P

5

8

1

6

7

2

3

4

14

9

11

10

P

5

8

13

12

P


45/52

45

Themethod of operation conforms to European

conditions.

This operational step deals with:

Sedimentfrommusttanks

Solidsdischargedfromclarifiers

Floatingcapfromclarifiedmusttank

Mustcontainingtanninfromsecond

postpressingstagefromscrewpress

Optimumdecanter useis possible when thelast

twohightannincontainingjuicesaremixedwith

the first three protein containing must in the

sedimentcollectingtank.Flocculationtakesplaceand

thecoarseflakedsolidscanbeeasilyseparatedout

inthedecanter.Withexclusiveuseofscrewpresses

thesediment,withoutpriormixingforflocculation,

canbe processed in thedecanter with the same

separatingefficiency.

Concentration of Sediment from Must Tanks

Advantages Considerableincreaseindownstreamfilter

capacity(e.g.vacuumfilter)

Immediateprocessingofresultingsediment.

Retentiontimeofsedimentincollectingtank

isobsolete.Mustqualityremains

Savingsinfilteraids

Solidscollectreadyfordisposal

Thesecapacitiesareobtainedwhenfreshsedimentis

processed.Thesolidscontentof%byvol.inthe

feedisreducedto3%byvol.inthedischarge.It

isimportantforthesedimentobtainedtobefresh

andnot partly fermented. Partly fermentedmust

sediment willgreatly reduceclarifyingefficiency

ofthedecanterduetoformationofcarbonicacid

(flotationeffectofsediment).Comparedtountreated

must, sediment from enzymatically treatedmust

canbeclarifiedwithuptodoubletheefficiency.


46/52

46

Westalia Separator Westalia Separator ecoplus hydryclarifers

Max. capacity * Max. capacity *

GSC 15 400 l / h GSC 45 1500 l / h

GSC 25 ** 800 l / h GSC 75 2000 l / h

GSC 95 3000 l / h

GSC 150 2000 l / h

GSC 250 5000 l / h

* Capacities may vary according to sediment


* Capacities may vary according to must

Decanter

Max. capacity*

GCE 205 1500 l / h

GCE 305 2000 l / h

GCE 345 2500 l / h

GCA 501 4500 l / h

GCE 535 7000 l / h

GCE 755 11,000 l / h

Concentration of sediment from must tanks

1Stemmer

Pre-juicing

Continuousbandpress

4Discontinuoustank

press

5Pre-juicer

6Screwpress

7Musttanks

8Pump

9Clarier

10Musttank

11Leescollectingtank

12Pump

1Decanter,alternatively

clarier,typeGSC

14Intermediatetank

MGrapes

GTofermentation

PSolids

1

3

14

14

13

1312

11

10

9

77

4

22

5

6

G

G

G

P

P

8

M

P


47/52

47

1Fermentationtanks

2Pump

Clarier

4Winetank

5Pump

6Sedimentcollecting

tank

7Pump

8Decanter/

alternativelyclarier

9Solidsforseparation

10Filtration

MMust

WTofurtherprocessing

1

W

3

2M

W

10

8

6

7

5

9

4

8

Pre-clarification of yeast deposites from fermentation tanks

Althoughsometimesonlyabout%ofthesolidscan

beseparatedoutatthisclarifyingstage,thisstepis

importantforefficientoperationofthedownstream

filter(e.g.rotaryvacuumfilter).Atthisstageitismost

importantthattheyeasttobeprocessedisstillina

Pre-clarification of Yeast

from Fermentation Tanks

veryfreshcondition.Iftheyeastisalreadyintheearly

stagesofautolysis,clarifyingefficiencyofthedecan-

terwillfalldrastically(theyeastwillbecomeslimy).

Westalia Separator Westalia Separatorecoplus hydry clarifers

max. capacity * max. capacity *

GSC 15 200 l / h GSC 20 500 l / h

GSC 25 ** 400 l / h GSC 45 1000 l / h

GSC 75 2000 l / h

GSC 95 2500 l / h

GSC 150 4000 l / h

GSC 250 4500 l / h

* Machine with cast steel solids collector** Capacities may vary according to tank bottoms

Decanter

max. capacity *

GCE 205 300 l / h

GCE 305 500 l / h

GCE 345 900 l / h

GCA 501 1500 l / h

GCE 535 2500 l / h

GCE 755 4000 l / h

* Capacities may vary according to must


48/52

48

Thisprocessshowstheuseofthedecanterinthepro-

ductionofvermouth.Activatedcarbonismainlyused

asfiningagenttobrightenthewine.Thedecanter

processesafeedcapacityofl/hwithasolids

contentof%byvol.Thesolidscontentinthedis-

chargeisreducedto%byvol..

Concentration of Trub

after Fining

1

W

6

5M

2

3

4

L

1Finingtank

2Pump

3Leescollectingtank

4Pump

5Decanter

6Conveyorbelt(solids

readyfordisposal)

MFromwinetank

LTostoragetank

WProductforfurther processing


49/52

49

4

K

6

5

D

7

8

3

9

1

2

F

W

Duetomorestringentenvironmentalregulations,

industrialwastewatermaynolongerbeloadedatwill

withorganicmatter.Forthisreasonsedimentcontent

shouldbekeptaslowaspossible.Moreover,fining

agentandfiltrationresidueshouldberecoveredina

conditionsuitablefordisposal.

Clarification of Thin Sludge

from Waste Water Treatment Plant

Decanterscanbeusedfor dewateringthinsludge.

Inmanycases addition of polymer flocculantsis

necessaryintoclarificationsectionofthemachine.

Underunfavourable conditionsfurther treatment

(e.g.additionofcalciumhydroxide)maybenecessary

toobtainsolidssuitablefordisposal.

Decanter

Max. effective capacity *

UCD 305 5 9 m3 / h

UCE 345 8 14 m3 / h

UCA 501 15 30 m3 / h

UCE 535 23 46 m3 / h

UCE 755 80 120 m3 / h

1Collectingtank

2Pump

Decanter

4Mixer

5Meteringscrew

6Limetank

7Container

8Pump

9Meteringtank

FFlocculant

WWater

KBacktoclaricationplant

DThinsludgefromwaste

watertreatmentplant


50/52

50

Whenclarifieroperationis nolongerfeasibledue

tohighproportionsofsolidsinthesuspensiontobe

processed,decantersareused.Thedecanterdesign

is based on decades of experience in centrifuge

separationtechniquesaswellasintensiveresearch

anddevelopmentbytheGEAWestfaliaSeparator

Group.Decantershavebeendevelopedforhighclari-

fyingperformanceandhighestpossibledegreeof

solidsdrying.

Essentialconditionsforthisinclude,amongothers,

highbowlspeedandanenormouslyhighscrewtorque

inconjunctionwithacontrolsystemtosynchronise

thedifferentialspeedtothesolidsload.

Theprocessedmaterialentersthedecanterthrough

thefeedtubeandisconveyedbythedistributorinto

theseparatingchamber.Itisacceleratedheretothe

operatingspeed.Solidparticlesquicklysedimenton

thebowlwallduetocentrifugalforce.

The bowl has a cylindrical-conical shape. In the

cylindrical section, this shape allows effective

clarificationoftheliquid,andthesolidsareeffectively

driedintheconicalsection.

Operating Principles andConstructional Features of Decanters

Thescrollturnsslightlyfasterthanthebowlshelland

conveysseparatedsolidscontinuouslytothenarrow

endofthebowl.Duetotheconicalshapeofthispart

ofthebowl,thesolidsareliftedoutoftheliquid.

Whenpassingthe"dryingzone,whichtheliquiddoes

notenter,theadheringliquidisremovedunderto

centrifugalforce.

Thesolidsarethenejectedthroughopeningsatthe

bowlsendintothecollectingvesselofthehousing.

Theliquidflowsbetweenthescrollflightstothe

oppositeendofthebowl.Lighterparticlesremaining

intheliquidareseparatedbycentrifugalforcewhen

passingthroughtheclarifyingzoneandareconveyed

bythescrolltogetherwiththesolidsseizedintheinlet

zonetotheoutlet.Clarifiedliquidleavesthesepara-

tionchamberoveradjustableregulatingplatesoris

extractedunderpressurebyscrapers.

Dependingondecantertype,thedriveisprovided

eitherby-phasemotorsforstartingunderloador

standardmotorswithhydrostaticclutches.-phase

motorswithfrequencyconverterscanbeemployed

optionally. This allows for reduction of starting

current and current peaks during starting. An

adjustable, hydrostatic clutch reduces thestarting

current.Poweristransmittedbybelts.

Outlet

Feed

Solids


51/52

51

2-gear drive

Differential gear drive

Drive systems

DecantersfromGEAWestfaliaSeparatorGroupare

equippedwithcustomizeddrivesystems.

2-gear drive

Withthisdrivesystem,themaindrivemotordrivesthe

bowlandthehousingoftheprimarygear.Throughan

additionalsecondarygear,partofthepowerrequired

forthescrolldriveisfedfromthesecondarymotor.

Thecurrent ofthismotor servesas ameasuring

variable for the torque-dependent torque control.

The drive ismonitored electronically permitting

restart.Downtimesasaresultofoverloadareex-

cluded and trouble-free operation is assured.

Decantersequippedwiththisdrivepatentedinseveral

countriesareusedwhenhightorquesarerequired

atlowdifferentialspeedsformaximumyields.

Differential gear drive

Thedifferentialgeardriveisrecommendedwhen-

everitisnecessarytoautomaticallyregulatethescroll

speedinadditiontoregulatingthebowlspeed.This

isachievedbymeansof twogears.Thesecondary

motordrivesthecentralinputshaftandgeneratesthe

differentialspeedproportionallytoitsownspeed.A

secondinputshaftwithoutanyspeedisconnectedto

thehousing.Thismeansthatthedifferentialspeedis

notdependentonthebowlspeed.Differentialgear

drivesareusedprimarilyinthelowerdifferential

speedrange.

Decanters synonymous with quality,

performance and economy

Highestpossibledewateringatmaximum

separatingefficiency

Highoperatingsafety,reliabilityandlowwear

Rapidadjustmentofmachineparametersto

changingproductsandprocesses

Smallspacerequirement

Lowcostoflabourandoperatingexpenses

Automaticandcontinuousoperation

Simpleoperationandeasymaintenance

High-precisionmanufacturingensureseasy

onsitereplacementofallparts

Easyaccess

Simpleassembly/disassembly

Fastdeliveryofsparepartsand

24-hourrepairservice


52/52

GEA Group is a global engineering company with multi-billion euro sales and operations in more than

50 countries. Founded in 1881, the company is one of the largest providers of innovative equipment and

process technology. GEA Group is listed in the STOXX Europe 600 Index.

We live our values.

Excellence Passion Integrity Responsibility GEA-versity

churemerelyservesasanon-bindingdescription

ofourproductsandiswithoutguarantee.

Bindinginformatio

n,

inparticularrelatingtocapacitydataandsuitabilityforspecificapplications,canonlybeprovidedwithintheframeworkofconcrete

chedpaperPrintedinGermanySubjecttomodificationWestfalia,

WestfaliaSeparator,

hydry

a

ndhyv

ol

areregisteredtrademarksofGEAMechanicalEquipmentGmbH.

B_

BE-12-1

0-0010EN

be systems a.processes from gea ws in wineries en

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