Biology AHSGE
Standard IX- Five and Six Kingdom Classifications (2
questions)
Five and Six Kingdom Classification
CONTENT STANDARD 9. Differentiate between the previous five-kingdom and current six-kingdom classification systems.
ELIGIBLE CONTENTA. Identify and define similarities and
differences between the five-kingdom and six-kingdom classification systems.
5 Kingdom Classification
Domain Bacteria• Kingdom Monera- Unicellular and prokaryoticDomain Eukarya2. Kingdom Protista- Unicellular/multicellular and
eukaryotic3. Kingdom Fungi- Unicellular/Multicellular, eukaryotic
and decomposers4. Kingdom Plantae- Multicellular, eukaryotic and
autotrophic5. Kingdom Animalia- Multicellular, eukaryotic and
heterotrophic
6 Kingdom Classification
Domain Bacteria
1. Kingdom Eubacteria- Unicellular and prokaryotic with peptidoglycan
Domain Archaea
2. Kingdom Archaea- Unicellular and prokaryotic without peptidoglycan
Domain Eukarya
3. Kingdom Protista- Unicellular/multicellular and eukaryotic
4. Kingdom Fungi- Unicellular/Multicellular, eukaryotic and decomposers
5. Kingdom Plantae- Multicellular, eukaryotic and autotrophic
6. Kingdom Animalia- Multicellular, eukaryotic and heterotrophic
KINGDOM MONERA (EUBACTERIA AND
ARCHAEA)
• Members: Bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)• Unicellular• Prokaryotic (No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles)• Autotrophic or heterotrophic• Anaerobic or aerobic
– Anaerobic- Do not require oxygen• Obligate- Oxygen is poisonous
• Facultative- Can withstand small amounts of oxygen
– Aerobic- Require oxygen
Bacteria• Exist in three shapes:
– Bacilli- Rod shaped
– Cocci- Round shaped
– Spirilla- Spiral shaped
Domain Bacteria- Kingdom Eubacteria
• Prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan (polymer of two kinds of sugars)
• Mostly heterotrophic• Some aerobes, some anaerobes• Examples: Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)
and Staphylococcus• Many bacteria in your body
Domain and Kingdom Archaea
• Archaebacteria- Prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan
• More ancient than true bacteria• Mostly heterotrophic• Extremophiles- Live in extreme environments
– Thermophiles- Live in extreme temperatures– Halophiles- Live in extremely saline environments– Methanogens- Obligate anaerobe; use CO2 in
respiration and produce methane
Kingdom Protista
• Eukaryotic
• Unicellular or multicellular
• Many colonial- Live together in groups
• Can not form organs
• Do not fit in other kingdoms; left-over or catch-all kingdom
Kingdom Protista
1. Algae- Plant-like protists – Perform photosynthesis
– Example: kelp and plankton
2. Protozoans- Animal-like protists– Examples: Amoeba or
paramecium
Kingdom Protista
3. Fungus-like protists– Examples: Slime molds
and mildew
4. Euglenoids- Plant and animal-like– Have chloroplasts and can
perform photosynthesis
– Example: Euglena
Kingdom Fungi
• Unicellular or multicellular; eukaryotic• Heterotrophic• Lack motility (movement)• Cell walls composed of chitin (rigid
polymer that provides structural support)• Hyphae- Thread-like filaments fungi are
made of– Growth, feeding and reproduction
• Mushrooms, yeast, mold, lichens
Kingdom Fungi• Parasites- Grow and
feed on other organisms
• Decomposer- Breaks down dead materials to absorb nutrients– Saprobe- Gets
nourishment from dead/decaying material
Kingdom Fungi
• Lichen- Fungi that live in a mutualistic relationship with algae– Fungus feeds off algae
– Algae lives on hyphae
Kingdom Plantae
• Most autotrophic- contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• Multicellular; eukaryotic
• Cell walls composed of cellulose
• Cells form tissues and some organs: roots, stems, and leaves
• Basis of all terrestrial (land) habitats
• Lack motility
Kingdom Animalia
• Heterotrophic
• Mutlicellular; eukaryotic
• No cell walls
• Cells organize into tissues and then into organs
• Organs often organize into organ systems
• Live in water, on land and in air
• Most motile (able to move); some lack motility as adults