Download - Blood vasculature
Dr.Zeeshan akbar
Muhammad arslan 11-arid-948
Muhammad farid 11-arid-949
Muhammad ali kokab 11-arid-945
Muhammad ali 11-arid-944
Muhammad Adnan khan 11-arid-943
Muhammadammar dilawar 11-arid-947
The systemic arteries may describe in the following way, easier to understand.
1) Arteries cranial to heart
2) Branches of thoracic aorta
3) Branches of abdominal aorta
4) Arteries of thoracic limb
5 ) Major arteries of the pelvic limb
ARTERIES CRANIAL TO HEART
NAME OF ARTERY
ORIGIN AREA OF DISTRIBUTION
1)CORONARY ARTERY ASCENDING AORTA HEART MUSCLE
2)BRACHIO-CEPHALIC ARTERY
AORTA ARTERY HEART MUSCLE
3)LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
AORTIC ARCH HEART MUSCLE
4)RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
BRACHIO-CEPHALIC TRUNK
HEART MUSCLE
5)DORSAL CERVICAL ARTEY
SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY I INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE,MUSCLES OF BASE OF NECK,DORSAL THORACIC VERTEBRAE
6)DEEP CERVICAL ARTERY SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY BASE OF NECK AND ADJACENT SCAPULAR REGION
7)VERTEBRAL ARTERY SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY SURVICAL MUSCLES AND SPINDAL CORD
8)EXTERNL THORACIC ARTERY
SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY PECTORAL MUSCLES
9)AXILLARY ARTERY SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY MUSCLAE OF THORACIC LIMB
10)INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERY
SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY MUSCLES OF STERNUM
BRANCHES OF THORACIC AORTA
NAME OF ARTERY
ORIGIN AREA OF DISTRIBUTION
1BRONCHIAL ARTERY THORACIC AORTA PULMONARY TISSUE
2)ESOPHAGEAL ARTERY THORACIC AORTA ESOPHAGUS
3)INTERCOSTAL ARTEY THORACIC AORTA ESOPHAGUS,INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
4)PHRENIC ARTERY MAY ARISE FROM AORTA,CEOLIC ARTERY
DIAPHRAGM
BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA
NAME OF ARTERY
ORIGIN AREA OF DISTRIBUTION
1)CEOLIC ARTERY ABDOMINAL AORTA
1)HEPATIC ARTERY CEOLIC ARTERY LIVER2)RIGHT RUMINAL CEOLIC ARTERY BOTH SURFACES OF
RUMEN
3)LEFT RUMINAL CEOLIC ARTERY LEFT FACE OF RUMEN
4)OMASO-ABOMASAL CEOLIC ARTERY OMASUM AND ABOMASUM
5)SPLENIC ARTERY CEOLIC ARTERY SPLEEN2)ANTERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
ABDOMINAL AORTA ANTERIOR PART OF SMALL INTESTINE
3) RENAL ARTERY ABDOMINAL AORTA RIGHT AND LEFT KIDNEY
4)SPERMATIC ARTERY(IN ABDOMINAL AORTA OVARIES,HORNS AND
MALE) UTERO-VARIAN(IN FEMALE)
BODY OF UTERUS
5)LUMBER ARTERY ABDOMINAL AORTA INTERSPINOUS AND INTERTRANVERSE SPACES OF LUMBER VERTEBRAE
6)POST MESENTERIC ARTERY
ABDOMINAL AORTA TERMINAL PART OF RECTUM AND COLON
7)EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY ABDOMINAL AORTA
8)INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY ABDOMINAL AORTA PERIANAL REGION
9)MIDDLE SACCRAL ARTERY
ABDOMINAL AORTA TAIL REGION AND COCCEGEOS MUSCLES
ARTERIES OF THE THORACIC LIMB
NAME OF ARTERY
ORIGIN AREA OF DISTRIBUTION
1)SUPRASCAPULAR ARTERY
ANTERIOR BORDER OF SUBSCAPULARIS
SHOULDER JOINT AND PROXIMAL END OF HUMERUS
2)SUBSCAPULAR ARTERY
SUBSCAPULARIS MUSCLE
SCAPULA,INFRASPINATUD,SUBSCAPULARIS
a)THORACO-DORSAL ARTERY
TRICEPS,ABDOMINAL CUTANEOUS,AXILLARY LYMPH GLANDS
b)POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY oF HUMERUS
SKIN OF LATERAL SIDE OF SHOULDAR CIRCUMFLEX AARTERY
c) CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY OF SCAPULA
SCAPULA,SUPRASPINATUS,INFRASPINATUS
3)ANTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY OF HUMERUS
TERES MAJOR HUMERUS,BICEPS,BRACHIOCEPHALICUS
4)DEEP BRACHIAL ARTERY
MIDDLR OF HUMERUS
TRICEPS,TENSOR FASIAE
5)MUSCULAR BRANCH
TERES MAJOR ,CORACO-BRCHIALIS
6)ULNAR ARTERY DISTAL END OF COROCO-BRACHIALIS
SUPERFICIAL PECTORAL,CUBITAL LYMPH GLANDS,CUTANEOUS AND SKIN
7)NUTRIENT ARTERY OF
NUTRIENTFORAMEN OF HUMERUS
HUMERUS8)THE ANTERIOR RADIAL ARTERY
BICEPS,BRACHIALIS,EXTENSOR OF CARPUS AND DIGIT
The main artery is brachial artery whose chief branches are
Suprascapular artery:
Arise near anterior boarder of subscapularis and run dorsally and supply to shoulder joint and proximal end of humerus
Subscapular artery:
Arise at posterior boarder of subscapularis muscle.it ascend in interstice between that muscle and teres major. Itgive following branches
Thoraco dorsal:
Give branches to triceep and axillary lymph glands.
Circumflex artery of scapula:
Arise from above shoulder joint pass forward to posterior boarder of scapula.
Posterior circumflex artery of humerus:
Give branch to joint capsule,muscle of skin.
Anterior circumflex artery of humerus:
Arise at anterior boarder of tere major.It give branch to deep pectoraland end in upper part of biceeps
Deep brachial artery:
Arise from middle of humerus.It supply triceeps,antibrachii,brachialis.
Muscular branches:
Distributed to teres major,deep pectoral
Ulnar artery:
Arise at distal end of coraco-brachialis and pass downward and back along ventral edge of medial head.It give branches to these muscles posterior super-ficial pectoral,lymph gland and skin.
Nutrient artery of humerus:
Arise from ulnar and enter nutrient foramen of humerus.
Anterior radial artery:
Pass downward and little outward on anterior face of humerus under cover of biceeps in front of elbow joint.It supply biceeps,extensor of carpus.
THE MEDIAN ARTERYIt is direct continuation of brachial.It is accompanied by median nerve lies in
front of artery at its origin.
Articular branch:
Supply to elbow joint.
Muscular branch:
Go to flexor of carpus and digit,the largest of these arise at proximal 3rd of forearm.
Common interosseous artery:
Arise at level of interosseous space through which it pass outward.It supply to nutrient artery of radius and ulna.
Artery of rete carpi volare:
Arise at distal 3rd of forearm and desend on radius to posterior surface of carpus.
Lateral volar metacarpal artery:
Arise just above carpus
Medial volar metacarpal artery:
Is given off median at acute angle,pass down medial side of carpus behind tendom of flexor.It supply nutrient artery to large metacarpal bone.
THE DIGITAL ARTRIESArtery of 1stphalanx:
It rises at right angle about middle of 1st phalanx
1) Dorsal branch
2) Volar branch
Artery of digital cushion:
Arise at proximal boarder of cartilage of 3rd phalanx and pass down to ramify in digital cushion.
Dorsal artery of 2nd phalanx:
Arise little above distal sesamoid bone and pass forward under cover of cartilage of third phalanx and give branch to skin,coffin,joint and coronary corium of hoof.
Volar artery of 2nd phalanx:
It pass above proximal boarder of distal sesamoid bone and unite with opposite artery.
Dorsal artery of 3rd phalanx:
Arise at deep face of angle of 3rd phalanx passing through notch and run forward in groove on dorsal surface give off branches which ramify in corium of wall
of hoof.
IN ADDITION TO THE CORONARY ARTERIES AND COMMON BRACHIO-CEPHALIC TRUNK, THE THORACIC PART OF AORTA GIVES OFF BRANCHES TO THE THORACIC WALLS AND VISCERA AND TO SPINAL CORD AND ITS MEMBRANE.
(1).VISERAL BRANCHES…………….BRONCHIAL AND OESOPHAGEAL
(2).PARIETAL BRANCHES…………..INTERCOSTAL AND PHRENIC
(1) VISCERAL BANCHES
BRONCHIAL-OESOPHAGEAL ARTERY:
ORIGIN:
ARISES AT THE SIXTH THORACIC VERTEBRA FROM AORTA-IT DESCENDS OVER THE RIGHT FACE OF THE AORTA TOWARDS BIFURCATION OF TRACHEA AND DIVIDED INTO BRONCHIAL ANA OESOPHAGIAL BRANCHES.
BRONCHIAL ARTERY :
IT CROSSES THE LEFT FACE OF OESOPHAGOUS TO THE BIFURCATION OF TRACHEA WHERE IT DIVIDES INTO RIGHT AND LEFT BRANCHES.EACH ENTER INTO HILUS OF CORRESPONDING LUNG.
OESOPHAGEAL ARTERY :
IT IS SMALL VESSEL WHICH PASSES BACKWARD DORSAL TO THE OESOPHAGOUS IN THE POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM AND ANASTOMOSIS WITH THE OESOPHAGEAL BRANCH OF THE GASTRIC ARTERY AND GIVES OFF BRANCHES WHICH PASSES BETWEEN THE LAYERS OF LIGAMENT OF THE LUNGS.
PARIETAL BRANCHES:
INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES:
*FIRST ARISE FROM DEEP CERVICLE ARTERY
*NEXT THREE ARISE FROM SUBCOSTAL BRANCH OF DORSAL ARTERY
*REMAINDER ARISE FROM AORTA
1.AORTIC INTERCOSTALS ARTERIES :
ARISE FROM AORTA IN PAIRES CLOSE TOGETHER. THE FIFTH AND SIXTH SPRINGS FROM A COMMON STEM. EACH PASSES THE BODY OF VERTEBRA TO INTERCOSTALS SPACE. IT DIVIDES INTO
A) DORSAL BRANCHES
B) VENTERAL BRANCHES
A) DORSAL BRANCHES:
IT GIVES OFF SPINAL BRANCHES WHICH PASSES THROUGH INTERVERTEBERAL FORAMEN.A MUSCULAR BRANCH PASSES TO MUSCLE AND SKIN OF BACK.
B) VENTERAL BRANCHES:IT IS MUCH LARGE.ORIGIN: IT DESCEND IN MIDDLE OF INTERCOSTALS SPACE BETWEEN INTRCOSTAL MUSCLES.SUPPLIES:IT SUPPLIES INTERCOSTALS MUSCLE,THE RIBS,AND PLEURA
PHARENIC ARTERIES:
ORIGIN: TWO OR THREE SMALL BRANCHES WHICH ARISE AT HIATUS AORTICUS FROM VENTERAL ASPECT OF AORTA.
SUPPLIES: THEY SUPPLIES CRURA OF DIAPGRAM.
BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA:
THESE BRANCHES SUPPLIES
(1) WALLS OF ABDOMINAL CAVITY(2) SOME BRANCHES SUPPLIES SPINAL CORD(3) SOME EXTEND INTO PELVIS AND SACROTUM
VISCERAL BRANCHES
(1).COELIAC ARTERY
IT IS UN PAIRED VESSEL
ORIGIN: ARISE FROM VENTERAL ASPECT OF AORTA
IT IS FURTHER DIVIDED INTO THREE BRANCHES
(A) GASTRIC ARTERY
IT GIVES OFF OESOPHAGOUS AND PANCREATIC BRANCHES
IT DIVIDED BEHIND THE CARDIA INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR BRANCHES
ANTERIOR BRANCHES:
THEY SUPPLIES THE PARIETAL SURFACE OF STOMACH
POSTERIOR BRANCHES:
THEY SUPPLIES THE VISCERAL SURFACE OF STOMACH
OESOPHGEAL BRANCHES:
IT PPASSES THROUGH HIATUS OESOPHAGOUS INTO THORACIC CAVITY ABOVE THE OESOPHAGOUS AND ANASTOMOSES WITH THE OESOPHAGEAL BRANCH OF BRONCHO-OESOPHAGEAL CAVITY.
(B) HEPATIC ARTERY:LARGER THAN GASTRICIT PASSES FORWARD AND TO THE RIGHT AND VENTERALLY ON DORSAL SURFACE OF PANCREASIT DIVIDED INTO 3-4 BRANCHES WHICH ENTER THE PORTAL FISSURE OF LIVERIT ALSO GIVES OFF CO-LATERAL BRANCHES
PANCREATIC BRANCHES:GIVES OFF AN ARTERY CROSSES THE PANCREAS
PYLORIC ARTERY:ORIGIN: ARISE FROM DUOENUM AND GIVES OFF ITS BRANCHES TO PYLORUS.
GASTRO-DUODENAL ARTERY:ORIGIN: IT ALSO ARISE FROM DUODENUMIT ALSO GIVES TWO BRANCHES.
RIGHT GASTRO EPIPLOIC ARTERY:IT SUPPLIES STOMACH AND DUODENUMPANCREATIC-DUEDENAL ARTERY:IT SUPPLIES PANCREAS AND DUEDENUM
SPLENIC ARTERY:LARGEST BRNCH OF CORLIAC ARTERY.
IT PASSES THE LEFT EXTRIMITY OF PANCRAS AND CROSS THE STOMACH.IT GIVES OFF
PANCREATIC BRANCHES:SUPPLIES: THEY SUPPLIES THE LEFT EXTRIMITY OF PANCREAS
SPLENIC BRANCHES:SUPPLIES: THEY SUPPLIES THE SPLEENSHORT GASTRIC BRANCHES:SUPPLIES:IT SUPPLIES YHE GREATER CURVATURE OF STOMACH
LEFT GATRO EPIPLOIC ARTERY:IT IS CONTINUATION OF SPLENIC ARTERYSUPPLIES:IT SUPPLIES THE GREATER CURVATURE OF STOMACH
(2) ANTERIOR MESENTRIC
ORIGIN:
ARISE FROM VENTERAL FACE OF AORTA AT FIRST LUMBER VERTEBRA.
IT IS LARGE UNPAIRED TRUNK IT PASSES VENTERALLY BETWEEN VANA CAVA AND ADRENAL
IT GIVES OFF BRANCHES
LEFT BRANCH:
IT GIVES OFF 15-20 BRANCHES OF SMALL INTESTINE
RIGHT BRANCHES:
IT GIVES OFF SMALL BRANCHES
ILEAL: IT PASSES THE TERMINAL PART OF ILEUM
LATERAL COCCYGEAL ARTERY: IT PASSES BETWEEN COECUM AND ORIGIN OF COLON
MEDIAL COCCYGEAL ARTERY: IT PASSES ALONG THE APEX OF COECUM
VENTERAL COLIC ARTERY: IT PASSES THE VENTERAL SURFACE OF COLON WHERE IT UNITES WITH DORSAL COLIC ARTERY
ANTERIOR BRANCHES :IT GIVES OFF
DORSAL COLIC ARTERY: IT PASSESS THE GREATER COLON AND JOINS THE VENTERAL COLIC ARTERY
MEDIAL COLIC ARTERY:IT PASSES THE SMALL COLON AND ENTER THE COLIC MESENTRY
(3) RENAL
RIGHT & LEFT ARE RELATIVELY LARGE NESSELS WHICH ARISES FROM AORTA NEAR THE ANTERIOR MESENTRIC.
RIGHT ARTERY: IT IS LONGER OF THE TWO;
※ IT CROSS THE DORSAL SURFACE OF VENA CAVA※ AT RENAL HILUS IT DIVIDES INTO SEVERAL BRANCHES
LEFT ARTERY: IT IS SHORTER;
※ IT PASSES DIRECTLY OUTWARD TO THE KIDNEY※ SOME CO-LATERAL BRANCHES SUPPLIED & UTERUS , PERITONIAL FAT,
RENAL LYMPH GLAND & ADRENAL.
(4)POSTERIOR MESENTRIC
※ IT IS AN UNPAIRED VESSEL WHICH ARISES FROM VENTRAL SURFACE OF AORTA AT THE 4TH LUMBER VERTEBRA.
※ IT SUPPLIES THE SMALL COLON & RECTUMo ANTERIOR BRANCHo POSTERIOR BRANCH
(5)INTERNAL SPERMATIC/UTERO-OVARIAN
IT ARISES FROM AORTA NEAR THE POSTERIOR MESENTRIC & SUPPLY THE TESTICLE AND EPIDIDYMUS.
EACH PASSES BACKWARD IN A NARROW FOLD OF PERITONIUM TO THE INTRNAL INGUANUL RING & DESENDS THOUGH INGUINAL CANAL TO THE SACROTUM.
THE UTERO-OVERIAN ARTRIES:
IN THE FEMALE IT DIVIDES INTO
※ OVERIAN---supplies overies※ UTERINE BRANCHES---supplies uterus
LUMBER ARTRIES: SIX ARTRIES OF LUMBER ARTERIES ;
※ FIVE PAIR ARISES FROM AORTA※ 6TH PAIR ARISES FROM INTERNAL ILIAC
EACH PASSES ACROSS THE BODY OF LUMBER VERTEBRA TO THE INTERTRANSVERSE SPACE GIVES THE BRANCHES TO THE SUB_LUMBER MUSCLES DIVIDES INTO
DORSAL BRANCHES VENTRAL BRANCHES
THE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY:
INTERNAL ILIAC OR HYPOGASTRIC ARTTRIES RESULTS FROM THE BIFURCARTION OF THE AORTA UNDER THE 5TH OR 6TH LUMBER VERTEBRA
CHIEF BRANCHES
LUMBER ARTERIES INTERNAL PUDIC ARTERY
LUMBER ARTERIES: IT PASSES THROUGH THE FORAMIN AT THE JUNCTION OF THE LAST LUMBER VERTEBRA & SACRUM.
INTERNAL PUDIC ARTERIES: IT ARISES FROM THE INTERNAL ILIAC .
ITS CHIEF BRANCHES
UMBELICAL ARTERIES:
ORIGIN: IT PASSES THROUGH THE UMBLICAL OPENNING & BECOMES COOMPONENT OF THE UMBLICAL CORD.
SUPPLIES: IT GIVES OFF SMALL VESSICAL BRANCHES TO THE BLADDER & PROSTATE & DUCTUS DEFRENS.
MIDDAL HEAMORRHOIDAL ARTERY:
ORIGIN: MALE__IT ARRISES FROM NEAR THE PROSTATE
SUPPLIES: MALE__IT SUPPLIES RECTUM,BLADDER,URETHRA & ACCESORRY GENITAL
GLAND
FEMALE__IT GIVES SUPPLIES TO THE UTERUS
PERINEAL ARTERY:
ORIGIN: IT DESSENDS FROM ANUS
SUPPLIES: IT SUPPLIES THE BULBO CAVERNOSUS MUSCLES & SKIN OF PERINEUM
FEMALE__IT SUPPLIES THE VESTIBLAR BULB
ARTERY OF BULB:
ORIGIN: IT IS CONTINUATON OF INTERNAL PUDIC ARTERY IN MALE
SUPPLIES: IT SUPPLIES THE URETHRA
ARTERY OF CLITORIS:
ORIGIN: VENTRAL SURFACE OF VALVA
SUPPLIES: IT SUPPLIES TO THE CLITORIS
PARIETAL BRANCHES
THESE ARE LUMBER ARTERIES
3.LATERAL SACRAL ARTERY
ARISE FROM LUMBO SACRAL ARTERICULATION.
ITS BRANCHES ARE
SPINAL BRANCHES:
IT ENTERS THE SACRAL FORAMEN
IT GIVES BRANCHES TO SPINAL CORD
MIDDLE COCCYGEAL ARTERY:
ORIGIN: ARISE FROM RIGHT AND LEFT LATERAL SACRAL OR FROM LATERAL COCCYGEAL ARTERY
SUPPLIES: IT SUPPLIES THE SKIN AND MUSCLES OF TAIL
POSTERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY
ORIGIN:IT ARISE FROM UPPER PART OF SACRO-SCIATIC LIGAMENT
SUPPLIES: IT SUPPLIES THE MUSCLES OF HIND LIMB
1.SEMITENDINOUS
2.SEMII-MEMBRANOUS
3.SUPERFICIAL GLUTEOUS
(d) LATERAL COCCYGEAL ARTERY:
IT SUPPLIES THE SKIN AND MUSCLES OF TAIL.
4. ILIO-LUMBER ARTERY
ORIGIN:ARISE FROM INTERNAL ILIAC
SUPPLIES:ITGIVES BRANCHES TO ILEOPSOAS MUSCLE AND LONGISSIMUS
5.ANTERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY:
ORIGIN: ARISE FROMGREATER SCAITIC FORAMEN
SUPPLIES: IT SUPPLIES THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES
6.ILIACO-FEMORAL ARTERY:
ORIGIN:IT PASSES BETWEEN SHAFT OF ILEUM AND THE GLTEUS MEDIUS DORSALLY
SUPPLIES: IT SUPPLIES THE NUTTENT ARTERY OF ILEUM
7. OBTURATER ARTERY:
ORIGIN: IT ARISE FROM THE OBTURATER FORAMEN BEHIND THE OBTURATER EXTERNUS
SUPPLIES: IT SUPPLIES THE
ADDUCTER
SEMI-MEMBRANOUS
BICEPS
SEMI-TENDINOUS
PULMONARY VEINS:
They return blood from lungs to left atrium of the heart
CARDIAC VEINS:
The coronary sinus is a very short ,bulbous trunk which receives most of the
blood from the wall of the heart.it is situated just below the posterior vena cava. It
opens into the right atrium just below the union of two tributaries.the great cardiac
or left coronary vein ascends in the left longitudinal groove & turns backward in the
coronary groove in which it winds around the posterior border of the heart to the
right side&joins the coronary sinus.the middle cardiac or right coronary vein
ascends in the right longitudinal groove & joins the sinus or opens separately into
the atrium just in front of the orifice of the great cardiac vein so that a common
trunk doesn’t then exist.quite commonly two veins accompany the artery in the
right groove&unite at coronary groove.the small cardiac veins 3 to 5 in no. are small
vessels which return some blood frm the right ventricle & atrium;they open into the
latter near the coronary groove in spaces between the musculi pectinati..
THE ANTERIOR VENA CAVA :
The anterior vena cava returns to da heart blood frm da head, neck thoracic
limbs & greater part of da thoracic inlet by the confluence of the two jugular& 2
brachial veins.it deviates to the right of da brachiocephalic trunk & opens into da
right atrium opposite to 4th rib .the thoracic duct opens through the dorsal wall of
the origin of the vena cava .it receives in addition to small pericardial & mediastinal
veins ,the following tributaries
1: The internal thoracic vein;
it is a satellite of artery of that name .it opens into the anterior vena cava at da 1st rib.the ventral intercostals veins open into the internal thoracic and musculophrenic veins
2: The vertebral vein;
It corresponds to the homonymous artery .on the right side it terminates either in front of the deep cervical vein or by a short common trunk with it .on the left side it usually unites with the deep cervical veins to form a common trunk
3: The deep cervical vein;
On the right side passes downward & backward across the right face of the trachea& opens into the vena cava.it receives the 1st intercostals vein
4: Dorsal vein;
Corresponds to the artery .it crosses the right face of the trachea & opens into the vena cava.on the left side it usually joins the deep cervical &vertebral to form a short common tunk which crosses the left face of the intrathoracic part of the brachial artery
VEIN OF THE HEAD & NECK
1: JUGULAR VEINS:
Right & left jugular veins arise behind the ramus of the mandible, about 2& half inches below the temporo- mandibular articulation by the union of the superficial temporal & internal maxillary veins its tributaries r as follows
i)Internal maxilarry vein
It may be considered to begin as the continuation backward of the buccinators vein where that vessel crosses the alveolar border of the mandible .its principal radicals r the following;
The dorsal lingual vein
It is not a sattelyte of any artery but is in company with the lingual nerve it receives the tributains from the tongue & soft palate.
The mendibular or inferior alveolar vein
It is a satellite of the corresponding artery it often unites with the preceeding
The middal meningeal vein
It emerges through the foramen lassirum antevious…
Pterygoid vein
It rami pterygoidie
The posterior deep temporal vein
It is a large vessel which receieves tributanis from the temporalis mussle & ammisanis from temporal canal..
2) THE SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL VEIN:
It is formed by the confluence of the anterior emmicular & transverse facial vein
3) THE MESSETANIC VEIN:
It joins a jugular vein at the upper border of the sterno saphalicis tendon
4) THE GREATER AVICULAR VEIN:
It is a satellite of the posterior emmicular artery but joins the jugular a variable distance below & behind the origin of the artery
5) THE OCCIPITAL VEIN:
The anterior radical is the ventral caudal vein & the posterior radical is formed by the confluence of muscular spinal branch
6) THE EXTERNAL MAXILLARY VEIN:
The chief difference ion the tributains of the vein as compared with the branches of the corresponding artery or as follows
The label veins: superior & inferior are near the free edges of the lips…..a little lower is the large this passes back under the upper part of the massiter it receives a following tributains
The greater palltine vein passes in the groove b/w tuber maxillar & palate bone
The satellite of the artery it forms a rich plexus of the valve
The infra orbital vein is also a satellite of the artery.
The ophthalmic veinis a short trunk which is connected on front with the cavernous sinnus through the foramen orbitale.
The buccinators vein : it extends backward from the external maxillary
The lingual vein: it is formed at the side of the lingual process of the hyoid bone by the confluence of severel veins.
The sublingual vein: it is smaller than the preceeding it receives the vein from the muscles of the mendibular space & sublingual & gums
7) THE THYROID VEIN:
It is a large vessel which joins the jugular near the external maxillary vein.it receives anterior thyroid…….
8) MUSCULAR,TRACHEAL,OSOPHAGEAL & PAROTID VEINS:
9) THE CEPHALIC VEIN:
It enters the jugular near its termination…
10) THE INFERIOR CERVICAL VEIN:
THE VEINS OF THE CRANIUM
Accompanies the ascending branch of the artery
Cerebral veins:::they lie on the surface of the brain and the sub-arachnoid space
The ascending cerebral vein:::drain moist of the convex & medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres
The descending cerebral veins:::they come from the ventral part of the convex surface of the cerebrum..
The basal cerebral veins:::they converge to a large common trunk the vana rhinalis posterior.this begins at the anterior end of the periform lobe.
The deep cerebral veins:::they issue from the central ganglionic parts of the brain at the transverse fissure. They unites o or the internal; cerebral veins which backward in the roof of the 3rd ventrical & unite to form the great cerebral vein..
The dorsal cerebeller vein:::they are on the upper surface of the cerebelum.
The ventral cerebellum veins ::: they are larger & go chiefly to the basiler plexus.
The meningeal veins:::it arrises from the capillary & deep faces of the dura matter…
The diploic vein:::they are present at the spongy substance of the cranial bone..
Vertebral & spinal veins ::: two venous trunks the longitudinal sinuses extends along te floor of the vertebral canal on either side of the dorsal longitudinal ligament.. these are continuous in front with the basal plexus..they lie in the grooves of the body of the vertebrae & are connected by the series of vertebrae & the longitudinal ligament in the bone.
Brachial vein:
Is the satellite of the extra thoracic of the brachial artery .
It arises from the medial side of the distal end of the shaft of the humerus and ascends
In the arm behind the artery under cover of layer of fascial and the posterior superficial pectoral muscle.
Dorsal vein:
Often join the external thoracic or brachial pain.
External thoracic vein:
Is the large vessel which arise in the vental wall of abdomen passes forwad along the lateral border of the posterior deep pectoral muscel.
Cephalic muscel:
Arise from the middle side of the carpus as the continuation of the medial metacarpal vein. large medial cobital vein which passes upward and backward over the medial intersection of the biceps & the medial artery & vein or nurve and join the brachial vein.
Accessory cephalic vein:
Which arises from the network of carpel runs upward on the deep fascia along it.
Common interosseous vein:
Join the posterior satellite.
Interior radial vein:
It is the satellite of the artery.
Ulnar vein:
It is usually double at its proximal end and communicates with the deep brachial vein.
Three chief metacarpal vein
Medial metacarpal vein:
Also called comman digital vein.arises from the volar venous arch above the fetlock.
Lateral metacarpal:
Arises from the venous arch above the fetlock and passes upward behind the lateral border of the suspensory ligament in front of the lateral volar nerve and accompanied by a small artery.
Deep Metacarpal vein:
Arises from the venous arch passes farward between the two branches of the suspensory ligament and ascends on tne posterior surface of the large metacarpal bone.
Digital vein:
Arises at the proximaledge of the cartilage of the third phalanx and ascend in front of the corresponding arteries.
POSTERIOR VENA CAVA
PHRENIC VEIN:
Two or three return the blood from the diaphragm.
Lumber vein:
Corresponds to the arteries .five pairs usually empty into the posterior venacava.
Internal spermartic vein:
Accompany the arteries of like name .In the spermatic cord they form a very rich network the paminiform plexus.
Utero ovarian vein:
Much larger and are satellite of the arteries in the blood ligament.
RENAL VEIN:
SATELLITE OF ARTERIES AND OF LARGE CALIBAR AND THIN WALLED.
ADRENAL VEIN:
Open directly into the venacava.
HEPATIC VEIN:
Return the blood from the liver and open into the venacava as it lies in the groove in the liver.
PHRENIC AND LUNBER VEIN ALSO NAME AS PARIETAL RADICLES AND VISCERAL RADICLES.
PORTAL VEIN
ANTERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN:
It is the largest of the portal radicles. It is situatied to the right of the artery.
POSTERIOR MESENTRIC VEIN:
IT IS THE SMALLEST OF THE PORTAL RADICLES. IT ACCOMPANIES THE ARTERY IN THE COLIC MESENTRY AND ITS RECTRAL BRANCHES .ANASTMOSE WITH THOSE OF THE INTERNAL PUDIC VEIN.
SPLENIC VEIN:
It is the very large satellite of the splenic artery.it is formed by the union of the two radicles at the base of the spleen.
POSTERIOR GASTRIC VEIN:
It join with spleenic .
COLLECTION TRIBUTARIES OF THE PORTAL VEIN
PANCEREATIC VEIN: (rami pancreatic)
GASTRO DUODENAL VEIN:
WHEN PRESENT CORRESPONDS MANILY TO THE extrahepatic branches of the hepatic artery but in most cases it does not exist and the right gastroepipolic vein and duodenal vein open directly into the portal vein.
ANTERIOR GASTRIC VEIN:
JOINS THE PORTAL VEIN AT THE PORTAL FISSURE.
COMMON ILIAC VEIN
LUMBER VEIN
CIRCUMFLEX ILIAC VEINS:are the two satellite of the corresponding artery .open into the posterior vena cava or into the external iliac vein.
ILIO LUMBER VEIN:
MAY OPEN into the common iliac the external iliac or the internal iliac vein.