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Brains, Learning, Education & School Placement
Fall 2010 TrainingNovember 9, 2010
Bennett School Placement Worldwide
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Neuropsychological Framework
Language-based Learning Disorder of the Dyslexic Type
GeneticsPlanum temporalePOADCritical Window of Language Development
Most common Learning Disability
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Neuropsychological Framework
Disorders of the Left-HemisphereDyslexia – Reading Decoding & Spelling
Affects 20% of populationSpeech & language delaysDouble deficit hypothesisPhonological problemsOrthographic processing problemsRapid Naming Speed (RAN)
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Neuropsychological Framework
Disorders of the Right-HemisphereNLD & Asperger’s – Comprehension, motor skills, math & writing
Increased prevalenceAffects 1 out 50 children born todayEarly speech with delayed motor skillsReads & spells well/poor social skillsCan’t interpret non-verbal cuesHits the wall at middle school
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Neuropsychological Framework
High-Functioning Autistic Spectrum Disorders (HFA)
High Non-verbal/Low verbalStrong math & engineering skillsPoor comprehension of language and social cues
Stereotypic motor movementsRobotic speech
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Neuropsychological Framework
Disorders of the Frontal Lobes▪ADHD – attention & executive functions
First diagnosis for everythingHyperactive when youngHypoactive at puberty6 variations by SPECT scanDeregulated arousal systemSlow processing speeds
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Neuropsychological Framework
Disorders of the Motor StripSits behind the frontal lobesDysgraphiaSlow processing speedsPoor secretarial function96% grades in USA come from written work
Co-occurs with ADHD
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Neuropsychological Framework
Disorders of Cerebellar RegionOrthographic detailsVisual-spatialMotor coordinationTumors & lesions Impaired perception of symbol directionality
Is it sensory or is it brain based?
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Neuropsychological Framework
Generalized and diffuse disorders
TBISubstance AbuseConcussionsFallsSeizuresAccidents & injuriesYour brain is butter
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Pinky& the Brain
Parts of the Brain.mp4
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Educational Interventions
Disorders of the Left-HemisphereDyslexia –
Identify early - kindergartenProvide explicit phonics instruction
Teach structure of sound-symbol connections
120 minutes/school day language arts
Speech therapy
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Educational Interventions
Disorders of the Right-HemisphereNLD & Asperger’s –
Comes to school reading/ comprehension is poor-pre-treat
Referred for giftedHyperlexiaLittle professor syndromePoor social skillsCircumscribed areas of interest
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Educational Interventions
Disorders of the Right-HemisphereNLD & Asperger’s –
Can’t interpret non-verbal social cues, such as gestures, slang expressions or figurative speech
Needs explicit instructionFirst 3 years the best; then downhillProblems with higher-level synthesis
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Educational Interventions
High-Functioning Autistic Spectrum Disorders (HFA)
Catch early; intensive ABASocial skills trainingLanguage therapyGood with hands-on learning & math
Robotic speechWhite matter disease
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Educational Interventions
Disorders of the Frontal LobesADHD – Educational Needs
External structureEveryone becomes “The Nag”Repetition, re-directionWriting problemsProblems with reading comprehension
Seat front & center
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Educational Interventions
Disorders of the Motor StripTeach typing earlyManual vs. ComputerProblem with group classesHigh-tech solutionsCo-Writer, Draft BuilderDragon Naturally SpeakingKurzweil 3000
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Educational Interventions
Disorders of Cerebellar RegionCheck visionDevelopmental OptometristsNeuro-OphthalmologistReversalsCursive vs. PrintingSepto-optic dysplagiaNeurologist
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Educational Interventions
Generalized and diffuse disordersLoss of STMSlowed processing speedsEarthquake on the superhighwaysExtended timeMulti-modal presentationFatigue & attention deficitsYour brain is butter!!! Protect it!
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Educational PlacmentSchools for dyslexic studentsDay vs. Boarding
Schools for NLD/AS/HFA
Is it motivation or is it brain based LD?
Boot camp vs. remedial
Therapeutic
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Einstein
Einstein's brain has an unusual pattern of grooves in an area thought to be involved in mathematical skills.
It was also 15 percent wider than other brains of same age males, suggesting that the combined effect of differences may be better connections between nerve cells involved in mathematical abilities.
Famous Brains
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Damage to areas like the frontal lobe, the hypothalamus and the limbic system can contribute to extreme aggression, loss of control, loss of judgment and violence.
Henry Lee Lucas, who was convicted of 11 murders, was shown to have extreme brain damage in these areas, probably the result of childhood abuse, malnutrition and alcoholism
Arthur Shawcross, another 11-time serial killer, was found to have had several brain injuries, including two skull fractures. While in prison, he suffered from headaches and often blacked out.
Serial Killers
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Dyslexia results from a neurological difference; that is, a brain difference.
People with dyslexia have a larger right-hemisphere in their brains than those of normal readers.
That may be one reason people with dyslexia often have significant strengths in areas controlled by the right-side of the brain, such as:
Artistic, athletic, and mechanical gifts; 3-D visualization ability; musical talent; creative problem solving skills; and intuitive people skills.
Dyslexia Brain
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Guess Who?