![Page 1: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Circulation
Where does the Cardiac Output go?
The Path of blood through the vascular system
• Heart• Arteries • Arterioles• Capillaries• Venules• Veins• Heart
![Page 2: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Arteries
• Transport blood under high pressure
Cardiac Output is pulsatile,this is reflected in the arterial
pressure• Systolic pressure = high point• Diastolic pressure = low point
![Page 3: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Vascular Compliance
Compliance = ∆volume/∆pressure
![Page 4: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Calculating Mean Arterial Pressure from direct
measurements
MAP = DP + 1/3 (SP-DP)
DP = diastolic pressureSP = systolic pressure
Arterioles
• Branches of artery system• Act as control valves to the capillaries• Determines the to total peripheral
resistance
![Page 5: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
What determines the Variable resistance in the individual
Arterioles?
Factors that influence the diameter of individual arterioles
• Local controls– Hyperemia– Flow Autoregulation
![Page 6: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Arteriolar resistance
• Local controls– Hyperemia– Flow Autoregulation
• Extrinsic controls– Sympathetic nerves– Hormones
![Page 7: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Capillaries
• Exchange fluids, nutrients, hormones, and all other important things, between blood and tissues
![Page 8: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
If all the blood circulates ~ once per minute how does it slow down to exchange gasses and nutrients?
![Page 9: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Movement of fluids in and out of the capillaries
Hydrostatic pressure
moves fluids out of the capillaries into the interstitial fluid
![Page 10: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Osmotic pressure
Moves fluids back into the capillaries
This system is not perfectly balanced
About 4L/day of fluid accumulates in the interstitial fluid
![Page 11: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Veins
• Conducts blood back to the heart• Serves as a major reservoir for blood
volume
![Page 12: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Regulation of total systemic arterial pressure
![Page 13: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
F = ∆P/RFlow = change in Pressure ÷ Resistance
oror
∆∆P = F P = F xRxR
Mean arterial pressure = Cardiac Output X Total Peripheral
Resistance
MAP = CO x TPR
![Page 14: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Short Term Regulation of blood pressure
Baroreceptor Reflexes
![Page 15: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
![Page 16: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Hemorrhage
![Page 17: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
![Page 18: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Relationship of Blood Volume to interstitial fluid volume
Long term Regulation of blood pressure
![Page 19: CCSF Home Page - Circulationeshanson/Physiology 12/Lec... · 2005-08-30 · Circulation Where does the Cardiac Output go? The Path of blood through the vascular system • Heart •Arteries](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043014/5fafc16ade603a115d244e93/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
A final note about circulation