Ch.1 - The Study of Life
Chapter 1A View of Life
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science
Science is…
explanations of the natural world obtained through……………………………………..
experimentation and observation
It is objectiveProvable, Factual, Unbiased, The
same from multiple sources
It is not subjective
Belief, Opinion, Judgment, Different from source to source
“I am 6’1” tall”
“I am tall”
Ask a Question
Form a hypothesis
Collect the Data
Analyze the data
Report Conclusions
Scientific Method – based on inductive reasoning
Drawing general conclusions based on specific observable
patterns
-The dogs I have seen have fur-I have never seen a lizard with fur
ThereforeDogs are not lizards
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science
Scientific Method – based on inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning Applying general theories to specific
examples
All living things are composed of cells Therefore
Whatever this sample came from must be a living thing
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science
Scientific Method – based on inductive reasoning
The sum of the angles of a triangle = 180o
ThereforeIf the sum of two of the angles of a given triangle = 130o
then the 3rd must be 50o
I can move on my own and my cat can move on his own.My cat and I are both alive
ThereforeAll living things have the ability to move on their own.
InductiveDeductive arguments are either right or wrong
arguments are either strong or weak
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science
Scientific Method
Collect the dataA controlled experiment contains two groups
Control Group Experimental Group -Not tested
-Used as a comparison
-Tested-Contains the…
Dependent Variable What is measured
Independent VariableWhat is changed
&
Every good experiment has 1 independent variable
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science
Scientific Method
Collect the data
Dep
end
ent
Var
iab
le
Independent Variable
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science
Metric measurement
oCg
mm2
m3
l
temperaturemasslengthareavolume (solid)volume (liquid)
oC = (5/9)*(oF -32) 1 kg = 2.2 lbs
1in = 2.54cm & 1mi = 1.6 km
1 cm3 = 1 ml1 l = 1.06 quarts
Kilo- Hecta- Deca- BASE Deci- Centi- Milli-
Micro (µ) – one millionth - x 10-6
x103 x102 x10 x10-1 x10-2 x10-3
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science
Metric measurement
Kilo- Hecta- Deca- BASE Deci- Centi- Milli-
Micro (µ) – one millionth - x 10-6
x103 x102 x10 x10-1 x10-2 x10-3
1. 10mL or .1L
2. 10 km or 6 mi
3. 6.2x10-5kg or 1.8x103g
4. 16OC or 55OF
5. 8 lbs or or 1000 g
6. (in area) 5 cm x 12 cm square Or .1m x .04 m square
.1L = 100ml
6mi = 9.6km
.062g 1800g
55OF = 12.7OC
8lbs = 3.6kg = 3600g
60cm2
40cm2
Which is Greater?
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science
Because the scientific process is based upon inductive reasoning, studies must be repeated many times in order to
accept or reject hypotheses.Scientific Theories•A scientific theory summarizes a hypothesis (or group of hypotheses) that have been supported with repeated testing.
•They explain natural phenomena
Scientific Method
Analyze the data
Scientific Law•Describes (does not explain) natural phenomena
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science
The Characteristics of Life
Made of one or more cellsDisplays OrganizationGrows and Develops
ReproducesResponds to Stimuli
Requires EnergyMaintains Homeostasis
Adaptations Evolve Over Time
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life
The Characteristics of Life
Made of one or more cellsDisplays OrganizationGrows and Develops
ReproducesResponds to Stimuli
Requires EnergyMaintains Homeostasis
Adaptations Evolve Over Time
Made of one or more cells
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life
Made of one or more cells
The Cell Theory (Proposed in 1863 by Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden)
1. All known living things are composed of cells
2. The cell is the structural and functional unit of all living things
3. All cells come from preexisting cells
The Characteristics of Life
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life
Levels of Organization
The Characteristics of LifeDisplays Organization
Atoms
Molecules
CellsTissues
OrgansOrgan Systems
Multicellular Organisms
Carbon
Amino Acids
NeuronGray matter
BrainNervous System
You
Macromolecules Protein
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life
The Characteristics of LifeGrows and Develops
1 day 3 days 7 days
12 days 20 days
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life
The Characteristics of LifeReproduces
Reproduction is not essential to the individual but is critical for the species
Asexual Reproduction
“Cloning”
Two identical organisms are created
from one.
Sexual Reproduction
One unique organism is created from two.
Ensures genetic diversity.
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life
The Characteristics of LifeResponds to Stimuli
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life
The Characteristics of LifeMaintains Homeostasis
Regulation of an organisms internal
conditions
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life
The Characteristics of LifeAdaptations Evolve Over Time
Alive or Not?? (See Handout)
Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life