Download - Ch.1/L2 - the Northern Renaissance
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RENAISSANCE:
LESSON 2
: THE N
ORTHERN R
ENAISSANCE
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the northern renaissance
Bell Work:● #3 – Ch. 1/L2 Vocabulary● #4 – Global Impact, pg.
50. ●Write the questions.
#5 - Ch. 1/L3 vocabulary
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Objectives:
● Explain the origins and characteristics of the Northern Renaissance.
● Trace the impact of the Renaissance on German and Flemish painters.
● Profile key Northern Renaissance writers.
● Explain how printing spread ideas.
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the northern renaissance
By the end of the 15th century (1400’s), the ideas and values of Renaissance Italy began to spread north into England, France, Germany, and Flanders (part of present day France and the Netherlands)….
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Plague:● The bubonic plague had
killed between 75-200 million people in Europe.
● 1450 – the population begins to grow again.
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War:● Hundred Years War (1337-
1453) –a series of conflicts between England and France for control of the French throne.
● After the war, many cities grew rapidly.
● Urban merchants became wealthy (first in Flanders).● this increased the patronage
of the arts.
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Artistic Ideas Spread:● Artists studied under Italian
masters, copied technique, brought these ideas with them.
● Northern European rulers purchased paintings, hired Italian artists and architects
● There was a growing interest in realism and art that depicted every day life.
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the northern renaissanceThe Renaissance Spreads:● King Francis I of France invited da Vinci to retire in France.
● This inspired other northern leaders to hire Italian artists.
the Palace at Fontainebleau
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The Renaissance Spreads:
● 1494 – King Charles VIII of France invaded and claimed the throne of Naples. ● This invasion forced
many artists to head north into France and England.
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German Painters;● Albrecht Durer
● travelled to Italy to study (1494).
● famous for woodcuts and engravings.
● used religious, mythical, and realistic landscapes.
● popularity of his work helped spread Renaissance styles.
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Innsbruck Castle Courtyard The Revelation of St John: 4. The Four Riders of the Apocalypse,
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The Lamentation for Christ (1500)
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Hans Holbein the Younger● Durer’s emphasis on realism
influenced other German artists like Holbein.
● Holbein specialized in painting portraits.
● Nearly photographic quality.
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the northern renaissanceSir Thomas More (1527) The Ambassadors (1533)
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Flemish Painters● Flanders
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the northern renaissanceFlemish Painters● Flanders – the artistic center of northern Europe.
● With the support of wealth merchant families, Flemish artists were able to flourish.
● Jan van Eyck● the first great Flemish artist● used oil based paints to create a variety of subtle
colors.● the use of oil based paints eventually spread to Italy.
● Pieter Bruegel● the peak of Flemish painting (1550)● created scenes from everyday life (i.e. weddings,
dances, and harvests)
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The Annunciation
Portrait of a Manin a Turban
Jan van Eyck
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Pieter Bruegel,The WeddingDance
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Pieter Bruegel, The Dutch Proverbs
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Northern Writers Try to Reform Society
● Humanism● Italian humanists – classical
language and classical texts; used reason to improve themselves.
● Northern humanists – reexamined the traditional teachings of the Church.
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● The Church had failed to inspire people to live Christian lives. ● Christian humanism = the
reform of society and the Church. ●EDUCATION!!!!● for women● founded schools for
boys and girls.
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the northern renaissance● Erasmus:
● Dutch priest● 1509 – The Praise of Folly;
poked fun at greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests.
● Believed in a Christianity of the heart, not ceremony or rules.
● Produced a Bible in Greek.● To improve society, all should
study the Bible.
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● Thomas More● 1516 – wrote Utopia, a book
about an imaginary land where there is no greed, corruption, or war.● utopia = “no place” in
Greek
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Women’s Reforms● Northern humanists promoted
education for women, and founded schools for boys and girls.
● Most Europeans couldn’t read. Those who could afford schooling typically sent their sons.
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Women’s Reforms● Christine de Pizan – highly
educated female writer.● born in 1363● wrote in many books, short
stories in French.● The Book of the City of Ladies
- detailed some of the objections men had to educating women.● pg. 48
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The Elizabethan Age● The Renaissance reaches
England in the mid-1500’s.● “Elizabethan Age” = Queen
Elizabeth I reigned 1558-1603.● well educated● spoke French, Italian, Latin,
and Greek● did much to promote the
development of English art and literature.
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Shakespeare● most famous writer of the
Elizabethan Age● born 1564 in Stratford-upon-
Avon.● revered and drew inspiration
from the classics.● revealed the souls of men and
women, and promoted a positive view of human nature.
● most famous plays include MacBeth, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet.
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Printing Spreads the Renaissance
● the Chinese invented block printing and also, (around 1043) movable type.
● 13th century – block printed items reached Europe from China.● European printers were able
to create whole pages to bind into books, but the process was too slow.
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Printing Spreads the Renaissance● Johann Gutenberg
● craftsman from Mainz, Germany● around 1440, combined several
technologies to create a printing press that could produce books quickly and cheaply.● books were cheap enough that
many people could afford them. ● thousands of Bibles, art texts,
novels, travel guides, medical manuals were published all across Europe. (pg. 50)
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Legacy of the Renaissance● In art:
● Realism● Secularism● Vernacular● Humanism
In society:● printing spread ideas● literacy rates went up● published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and
charts led to further discoveries.● Christian humanists● people began to question political structures and
religious practices.