Download - CHANGE AND STRESS PPT
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STRESS & COUNSELLING
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CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
TO UNDERSTAND
The role of Stress in Employee Health
Extreme forms of Stress Reactions
Causes and symptoms of Stress
Organizational Effects of Stress
Actions that may Prevent or Reduce Stress
Different Counseling Functions
Three types of Counseling and Their Usefulness
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EMPLOYEE Stress
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WHAT IS STRESS?
Stress is the general term applied to
the pressures people feel in life.
Stress is your mind and bodys
response or reaction to a real or
imagined threat, event or change.
The threat, event or change are
commonly called stressors.
Stressors can be internal (thoughts,
beliefs, attitudes or external (loss,
tragedy, change).
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Types of Stressors
Emotion
al Environmental
Injury
Physical
Illness
Career
Pressures
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Work Stress
Deadlines and pressures
Surprises
Interpersonal difficulties
Role and rank issues
Environmental stressors
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Techno Stress
E-mail and computers
T.V.
Phone
Pagers
Others
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Home Stressors
Chores
Finances
Kids wanting attention
Discipline
Fun time
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Love Relationships
Strained?
Stressed?
Distant?
Great?
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STRESS
Physiological
PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS INCLUDE:
MUSCLE TENSION
NAUSEA, VOMITING
HEADACHES
JAW, NECK & BACK PAIN
DIARRHEA
SLEEP DISTURBANCES
DRY MOUTH, SWEATY PALMS
UPPER RESPIRATORYINFECTIONS
COLD HANDS
BREATHING CHANGES (E.G.,
SHALLOW, SIGHING)
Psychological
EMOTIONAL/MENTAL SYMPTOMS:
ANXIETY, WORRY, GUILT,
NERVOUSNESS
ANGER, FRUSTRATION
MOODINESS
DEPRESSION
APPETITE VARIES
RACING THOUGHTS
NIGHTMARES
DIMINISHED CONCENTRATION
IMPAIRED MEMORY OR
FORGETFULNESS
Behavioral
BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS
EXCESSIVE SMOKING
EXCESSIVE SMOKING
TARDINESS
SERIOUS APPEARANCE
NERVOUS BEHAVIOR/HABITS
RUSHING/PACING
ON EDGE
INCREASEDFRUSTRATION/IRRITABLE
MORE ACCIDENTS
OVERREACTING 10
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STRESS MANAGEMENT
IS A PART OF EVERYDAY LIFE
IS NECESSARY
TIME, MONEY, AND RELATIONSHIPS
ENSURE THAT STRESS WILL ALWAYS
BE WITH US
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STRESS MANAGEMENT
STRESS
DOES NOT HAVE TO BE NEGATIVEOR OVERWHELMING
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STRESS MANAGEMENT
DEFINITION:
THE NON-SPECIFIC RESPONSE OF THE
BODY TO ANY DEMAND
Hans Selye, MD
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STRESS MANAGEMENT
DR. HANS SELYE WROTE:
STRESS IS ESSENTIALLY
REFLECTED BY THE RATE OF ALL
THE WEAR AND TEAR CAUSED BYLIFE.
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EUSTRESS
Eustress or positive stress occurs when
your level of stress is high enough to
motivate you to move into action to getthings accomplished.
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DISTRESSDistress or negative stress occurs when
your level of stress is either too high or too
low and your body and/or mind begin to
respond negatively to the stressors.
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STRESS MANAGEMENT
NOT ALL STRESS IS NEGATIVE
EUSTRESS:POSITIVE STRESSRESULTS FROM EXHILARATING
EXPERIENCES:
WINNING THE LOTTERY
UNEXPECTED PROMOTION
AWARD
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STRESS MANAGEMENT
DISTRESS
STRESS OF:
LOSING, FAILING, OVERWORKING AND
NOT COPING
CAN BE HARMFUL AND IT IS NORMAL
FROM TIME TO TIME
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STRESS MANAGEMENT
CAUSES OF STRESS FALL INTO TWO
CATEGORIES:
EXTERNAL
INTERNAL
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STRESS MANAGEMENT
INTERNAL STRESSORS
INSIDE OURSELVES
THIS TYPE OF STRESSOR MAY PLAY AGREATER ROLE IN THE STRESS OF
DAILY LIFE
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STRESS MANAGEMENT
MAY BE CAUSED BY EVERYDAY
PRESSURES SUCH AS:
FINANCIAL
DEADLINES ARGUMENTS
FAMILY CONCERNS
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STRESS MANAGEMENT
EXTERNAL STRESSOR
MAY BE MAJOR LIFE EVENTS:
(REFER TO HOLMES-RAHE SCALE)
MOVING
DEATH OF SPOUSE, FAMILY
MEMBER OR FRIEND
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STAGES OF STRESS
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ALARM STAGE
As you begin to experience a stressfulevent or perceive something to be
stressful psychological changes occur in
your body. This experience or perception
disrupts your bodys normal balance andimmediately your body begins to respond
to the stressor(s) as effectively as
possible.
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EXAMPLES
Cardiac - increased heart rate
Respiratory - increased respiration
Skin - decreased temperature
Hormonal - increased stimulation ofadrenal genes which produce an adrenal
rush.
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RESISTANCE STAGE
During this stage your body tries to cope oradapt to the stressors by beginning a
process of repairing any damage the
stressor has caused. Your friends, family
or co-workers may notice changes in you
before you do so it is important to examine
their feedback to make sure you do not
reach overload.
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EXAMPLES
Behavior indicators include: lack of
enthusiasm for family, school, work or life
in general, withdrawal, change in eating
habits, insomnia, hypersomnia, anger,
fatigue.
Cognitive Indicators include: poor problem
solving, confusion, nightmares, hyper-
vigilance.
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RESISTANCE STAGE
MORE EXAMPLES
Emotional indicators include:
tearfulness
fear
anxiety
panic
guilt
agitation
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EXHAUSTION STAGE
During this stage the stressor is not being
managed effectively and the body and
mind are not able to repair the damage.
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EXAMPLES
Digestive disorders, withdrawal,
headaches, tension, insomnia, loss oftemper.
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Extreme product of Stress Burnout a situation in which employees are emotionally
exhausted, develop cynicism about their work and feel unable to
accomplish their professional goals.
Workaholics place higher priority on work than on family or
recreation, think and talk constantly about work, have difficulty
delegating to others, worry about their careers and often try toaccomplish multiple tasks simultaneously.
Karoshi sudden death at work.
Trauma - occurs following a major threat to ones security.
Workplace Violence a troubled employee takes dramatic andharmful physical action against co-workers, managers, or
company property.
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THREE TYPES OF TRAUMA
Workplace Trauma is the disintegration ofemployees self-concepts and beliefs in their
capabilities caused by sudden job loss
e.g. harassment at work, wrongful termination,
discrimination
Lay-off Survivors Sickness feelings of
uncertainty/insecurity, anger, guilt and distrust.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) the shockof sudden and violent incidents often produces
immediate stress-related symptoms.
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A Model of Causes, Types, & Consequences of Stress
Organizational
Stressors
Non-work
stressors
Employees
Individual
Differences
Positive
Stress
Negative
Stress
ConstructiveOrganizational& Personalconsequences
*Short term
*Long term
DestructiveOrganizational
& Personalconsequences
*Short term
*Long term
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