Download - Chapter 1 Argument: An Introduction
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Chapter 1Argument: An Introduction
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Definition of argument:“Over the centuries, philosophers and
rhetoricians have disagreed about the meaning of the term…”
It’s about TRUTH!
Oh no, it isn’t!
It’s about winning. Duh!You are ALL
wrong, Losers!
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What argument is NOT:
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Argument IS:• a creative and productive activity that
engages us at high levels of inquiry and critical thinking– Think of seeking the best solution for a problem– Aims to find a desire for truth and should promote the
best belief or course of action
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Arguments can be EXPLICIT or IMPLICIT
• Explicit: directly states claim and supports it with reasons and evidence
• Implicit: not overt, not stated outright
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Implicit
Explicit
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For Class Discussionpgs. 6-8
Assume you are explaining implicit arguments to an international exchange student who is not familiar with U.S. politics and popular culture.
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Defining Features of Argument
• Claim AND justification of the claim (pg. 9)– “Yes, I can.”– “No, you can’t”– “Yes, I can.”This is a QUARREL, not and ARGUMENT.
--”But I’m sixteen years old.” Moving toward an argument, offers REASON
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Necessary Conditions for Argument1) a set of two or more conflicting assertions and2) attempts to resolve the conflict through and
appeal to reason.
Good arguments clarify and support the reasons presented.
--anticipate questions--examine own beliefs
--consider and justify assumptions
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Combines Truth Seeking and Persuasion
Truth Seeking Persuasion
Socrates
Socrates: valued truth
over persuasion, peels away
false arguments,
commit to the right course of
action
Sophists: professional rhetoricians
trained to win arguments, would argue
any side willing to pay
them
Sophistry is now synonymous with trickery in argument
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“We are condemned (or liberated) to live in
a pluralistic, multicultural world
with competing visions of the truth.”
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College Athletes Caught in Tangled Web
• A. frat students• B. non-athletes• C. faculty members• D. women’s basketball coach• E. tennis coach• F. athletic director• G. ACLU rep• H. Dean of Students