Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of
Life Part I: Structure of Matter
Structure of Matter• Biochemistry
• Matter
• Elements
• Compounds
Structure of Matter
• Bulk elements-
• Trace elements-
• Ultratrace elements-
Atomic Structure
• Atoms
• Nucleus
• Electrons
• Protons
• Neutrons Fig. 2.1
Atomic Structure
●Atomic Number
● Atomic Mass (Weight)
Isotopes
• Isotopes
– Stable Isotopes
– Unstable Isotopes• O, I, Fe, P, Co
• Radiation (α,β,γ)
Molecules and Compounds
• Molecule
• Molecular Formula
• Compound
Fig. 2.2
Bonding of Atoms• Bonds
• Electron Shells
Fig. 2.3
Bonding of Atoms• All atoms want to be stable, meaning…
– Octet Rule
– Inert atoms
Bonding of Atoms• Ions
• Cation
• Anion
• Ionic Bonds
Fig. 2.4
Fig. 2.4
Bonding of Atoms
• Covalent Bond
Fig. 2.5
Bonding of Atoms
Bonding of Atoms
• Structural Formulas
Bonding of Atoms
• Polar
• Hydrogen Bonds
Figure 2.8
Clinical App. 2.1: Radioactive Isotopes Reveal Physiology
• Iodine-131– 1. – 2. – 3.
• Thallium-201– 1. – 2.
• Cobalt-60– 1. – 2.