Chapter OutlineChapter Outline
Chapter 23State Building and Social Change in
Europe, 1850–1871
Civilization in the West, Seventh Edition by Kishlansky/Geary/O’Brien
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II. Building Nations: The Politics of UnificationII. Reforming European SocietyIII. Changing Values and the Force of New Ideas
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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I. Building Nations: The Politics of Unification
A. The Crimean WarThe Eastern Question
The Great Powers Britain, France, Russia, Austria,
Prussia
RussiaDanubian Principalities (Romania)1853, Sinope> Alliance: Britain, France,
Piedmont-Sardinia, Ottoman Empire
1856, Peace of Paris
Human Costs of the WarCholera, typhoidFlorence Nightingale
B. Unifying Italy – The Risorgimento Camillo Cavour Garibaldi’s Red Shirts1866, Venetia1870, RomeVictor Emmanuel (1870-1878)
The Crimean War
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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Solferino, 1859
Magenta, 1859
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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I. Building Nations: The Politics of Unification
B. Unifying Italy – The Risorgimento Camillo Cavour Garibaldi’s Red Shirts1866, Venetia1870, RomeVictor Emmanuel (1870-1878)
C. Unifying GermanyOtto von Bismarck
Realpolitik
War with Austria1866, Seven Weeks’ War
Schleswig, Holstein.
1867, Austrian Emperor also King of Hungary
The Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871Ems Dispatch
Prussian Dominance of United Germany
Reichstag The Unification of Italy
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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I. Building Nations: The Politics of Unification
C. Unifying GermanyOtto von Bismarck
Realpolitik
War with Austria1866, Seven Weeks’ War
Schleswig, Holstein
1867, Austrian Emperor also King of Hungary
The Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871Ems Dispatch
Prussian Dominance of United Germany
Reichstag
D. The United States: Civil War and Reunification
E. Nationalism and Force
The Unification of Germany
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
Reforming European SocietyThree Models
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In the third quarter of the 19th century, Europe’s leaders recognized that reforms were needed to build dynamic and competitive states. Three different models for social and political reform developed in •France, •Great Britain, and •Russia
after 1850.
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
French Foreign & Domestic PolicyFrench Foreign & Domestic Policy
FOREIGNFOREIGNoCrimean War (1853-Crimean War (1853-1856)1856)oSupport Italian Support Italian nationalists against nationalists against AustriaAustriaoSuez Canal (1859-Suez Canal (1859-1869)1869)oFree Trade Policy with Free Trade Policy with BritainBritainoMexican failure (1838-Mexican failure (1838-1839)1839)oFranco-Prussian War Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)(1870-1871)
DOMESTICDOMESTICoHighly centralized Highly centralized administrative structureadministrative structureoelite of specialists for social elite of specialists for social and economic transformationsand economic transformationsoTechnocraticTechnocraticoAutocratic direction and Autocratic direction and liberal participationliberal participationoNapoleon IIINapoleon IIIoRebuild Paris: unsanitary, Rebuild Paris: unsanitary, crime ridden , politically crime ridden , politically volatile capitalvolatile capital
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
Russia
Reforms:– Abolished serfdom March 1861– Bureaucracy and finance were expanded
• System of credit and banking contributed to growth• French investment increased railway construction
– 1855 – 660 miles– 1880 – 14000 miles
• Russia became world grain supplier– With trains, exports increased threefold
– Alexander introduced zemstvos• Local elected assemblies on the provincial and county levels to govern
local affairs• Responsible for educational, health, and other social welfare reforms
– Judicial reforms• Provincial courts opened in 1866• Corporal punishment eliminated
– Conscription limited to 15 years at the age of 20 instead of 25 years
– Still an autocracy
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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II. Reforming European SocietyThree Models
A. The Second Empire in France, 1852–1870
Napoleon IIIParis - Baron Georges Haussman
Foreign Policy Suez CanalFranco-Prussian War of 1870-71
B. Victorian Political ReformsParliamentary Reforms
Reform Bills, 1832, 1867
William Gladstone, liberalFree trade, disestablishment in
Ireland
Benjamin Disraeli, conservativeFactory Act of 1875Artisans Dwelling ActTrade Union ActPublic Health
C. Reforming Russia
Alexander IIEmancipation of the Serfs,
1861Polish serfs, 1864
mir, village commune The Great Reforms
zemstvos
The Populist Movement
1881, assassination
D. The Politics of LeadershipRoyal Authority
The Nation-StateRealpolitik
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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C. Reforming Russia
Alexander IIEmancipation of the Serfs,
1861Polish serfs, 1864
mir, village commune The Great Reforms
zemstvos
The Populist Movement
1881, assassination
D. The Politics of LeadershipRoyal Authority
The Nation-StateRealpolitik
Russian Serfs
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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III. Changing Values and the Force of New Ideas
A. The Politics of HomemakingWomen’s Place
Working-Class Wives and Mothers
B. Realism in the ArtsVisual Arts
Gustav CourbetJean-Francois MilletHonoré Daumier
Realist NovelsCharles DickensGeorge EliotGustave FlaubertFyodor Dostoyevsky
Photography1939, Louis DaguerreDaguerrotype
C. Charles Darwin and the New Science
Charles Darwin Origin of Species, 1859
D. Karl Marx and the Science of Society
Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels Class Struggle
Marx’s Legacy
E. A New Revolution?
1871, Napoleon III surrendersSiege of Paris
Paris Commune, March-May 1871
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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Realism: Millet, The Gleaners (1875)
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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Realism: Courbet, The Sower
The Stone Breakers
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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Realism: Daumier, Nevertheless (1834))
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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Realism: Daumier: The Third Class Carriage
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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III. Changing Values and the Force of New Ideas
E. A New Revolution? 1871, Napoleon III surrendersSiege of Paris
Paris Commune, March-May 1871
The Paris Commune
Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871
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Entry of Napoleon III into Paris, 1852
The Crystal Palace of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, 1851