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Children and televisionChildren and televisionChildren and televisionChildren and television
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Prasanna.HulikaviPrasanna.Hulikavi
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This instrument can teach, it can illuminate; yes,and it can even inspire. But it can do so only tothe extent that we humans are determined to use
it to those ends. Otherwise, it is merely wires andlights in a box. There is a great, perhaps decisivebattle to be fought, against ignorance, intoleranceand indifference. This weapon of television canbe useful.
Edward R. Murrow, Television Reporter
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The Age of Television TVs are larger, have more realistic color and
images than ever before
248 million TV sets in households Extreme Cable - access to dozens, even hundreds,
of channels and video movies more than 500
broadcasting channels
Violence and childhood obesity are some of the
concerns
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What's On
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Media teacheschildren
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DD has the largest penetration. Channels are luring child audience.
Our target audience the child is moretech savvy
Commercial broadcasters and
advertisers are telecasting to ouryoung India.
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Media platforms are merging one can nowuse the phone, look at an image clip , listen
to music ,surf the net, click pictures, andedit all these eg a cell phone.
The world is shrinking in the binary codeof 01.Digital is the buzz word
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The influence of media
on children Dramatically influences children at all ages. Children are physically passive, yet mentally alert
when watching TV.
Repetition violence becomes so familiar that itbecomes normal
Reduced boundaries between adult and child
knowledge.
Both quantity and quality matter.
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Heavy viewers of TVKids watching 4 or more hoursKids watching 4 or more hoursper dayper day Put in less effort on school work Have poorer reading skills Play less well with friends
Have fewer hobbies and activities More likely to be overweight
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Television & Child
Development Vulnerability in the younger years
Importance of early nutrition and eating
habits In early years children are sensitive to
stimulation and modeling, and cannot filterout the negative
Infants and toddlers need response andreinforced stimulation two things TVcannot provide
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Birth to 18 months
Lights, color, and sound of thetelevision are appealing.
Can recognize characters but cannotunderstand content.
Parent-child interaction during this
time is crucial.
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18 months to 3 years
By 3, most have a favorite program
Children can begin extracting
meaning from what they watch Likely to imitate behaviors seen on
TV
Learn new words and language skills
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Three to Six Year Olds
Play is essential experience is theteacher
Exploration facilitates understanding howthe world works
Television does not offer opportunities foractive play and interactive exploration
Can recognize good and bad characters Most likely to act aggressively after
watching aggressive characters
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Six to Eight TV time drops because of school
attendance and activities
Usually want to watch non-educational television
Effects of media violence are
especially critical in this time
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Nine to Twelve Believe that what they see is a
reflection of real life
Develop television heroes/rolemodels
Self-esteem & identity are
influenced greatly Critical age for television influence
on body image
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Effects on Body Image
& Gender Identity Boys
Violence is acceptable
Body dissatisfaction Treatment of women
Girls Ideal Weight & Image Gender Roles stereotypes Effects on self-esteem
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Content is the KING packaging isthe EMPEROR
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television viewed by children is of programs notspecifically considered "children's shows,
the production of children's programming is big
business, often defined by the ways in which"children's shows" are distinctive. "Children's shows" are those which garner a
majority of a child audience, traditionally theSaturday morning programs.
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These shows are almost always profitable.
As the child audience changes rapidly
children do not seem to mind watching reruns, theprograms are shown as many as four times a year
factor that reduces production costs withoutreduction in program availability or profitability.
Moreover, a strong syndication market for off-network children's shows, adds to the profits
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Assumptions Both those who purchase and those who
produce children's programs operate with
assumptions about the child audience that,although changing, remain important. They assume, for example, that there are
gender differences in preferences, but animportant corollary is the assumption that
while girls will watch "boys' shows," boyswill not watch "girls' shows."
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They assume that older children control the set,an assumption related to the axiom
that younger children will watch "up" (in age
appeal) but that older children will not watch "down." The producers and purchasers assume that
children have a short attention span, thatrepetition is a key to education andentertainment, and that children preferrecognizable characters and stories
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children's attraction to the screen isthat children's viewing is governed
by the novelty of the visual stimulus,rapid formal features such asmovements, visual complexity, cuts,pans, zooms, which produce anorienting reflex.
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computers, video games, printmedia,videotapes, music, and television.Although television is themost commonly
usedmedium, viewing timevarieswithage. two tosevenyearsofage, children'sviewing time isabout two hoursperday
Increasing through childhood, itpeaksatabout threeanda half hoursperdayduring middleschoolbeforedropping offtoabout twoanda half hoursperday
during adolescence.
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Thefamilyenvironmentsof thosewhoviewmore television tend toshare certain
characteristics
parentswhowatch alotoftelevision,
televisionleftonasbackgroundnoise,
television in the child'sroom.
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How Do They Watch?
Childrenoften havebeen characterizedas"zombie" viewerswhostaremindlesslyattelevisionfor hours. Instead, naturalistic andlaboratorystudiesof how childrenwatchtelevision indicate that children typicallydividetelevisionviewing among avarietyofactivities.
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Atallages, childrenprimarilymonitortelevision contentwith shortlooksandonlyoccasionallyengage inextended
looksat the television. Justas totalviewing time changesacrossage, thepercentageof time childrenspendactuallylooking at the televisionincreases through middleschool then
dropsslightlyduring adolescence
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Another commonmisconception is that the changing sightsandsoundsof televisionpassively "capture" young children'sattention. Certainformal, noncontentfeaturesof televisionproductiondosometimes cause children toorientautomatically(e.g., asuddenloudnoise, arapidmovement). Nevertheless,
manyfeatures thatattractor hold children'sattentionareinformative, signaling content that childrenarelikely tofindrelevantorentertaining. Forexample, thepresenceofchildren'svoices, peculiarvoices, soundeffects, animation, andpuppets cue children to the child-relevanceof the content.Children'songoing comprehensionalso influences theirattention. If childrenaremaking senseofaprogramandjudging it tobe "for them," theyaremorelikely to keep
attending to it than if itseems confusing oradult-oriented.
Read more: Television - How Do Children Use Television?, How AreChildren Affected by Television?http://social.jrank.org/pages/647/Television.html#ixzz0dyXKfa8M
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sticky" programming--programmingengineered in such a way that
children were able to remember andunderstand what they saw on thescreen
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The influence of media
on children Dramatically influences children at all ages.
Children are physically passive, yet mentally alert
when watching TV.
Repetition violence becomes so familiar that itbecomes normal
Reduced boundaries between adult and childknowledge.
Both quantity and quality matter.
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