Download - Cinquain What is poetry?
+
What is poetry?Cinquain
Concrete
+Why do we read and write poetry?
Video clip 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omveFR-2hmg
Video clip 2:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQU3EphIpMY
+Elements of Poetry
•Poetry is not prose. Prose is the ordinary language people use in speaking or writing.
•Poetry is a form of literary expression that captures intense experiences or creative perceptions of the world in a musical language.
+ Distinguishing Characteristics of Poetry
Unlike prose which has a narrator, poetry has a speaker.
A speaker, or voice, talks to the reader. The speaker is not necessarily the poet. It can also be a fictional person, an animal or even a thing
Example
But believe me, son.
I want to be what I used to be
when I was like you.
from “Once Upon a Time” by Gabriel Okara
+ Distinguishing Characteristics of Poetry
• Poetry is also formatted differently from prose.
– A line is a word or row of words that may or may not form a complete sentence.
– A stanza is a group of lines in a poem. The stanzas in a poem are separated by a space.
ExampleOpen it.
Go ahead, it won’t bite.Well…maybe a little.from “The First Book” by Rita Dove
+ Prose Vs. Poetry No rhyme
No pattern/rhythm
No line division
Can use images
Can target emotions
Divisions are paragraphs
Rhymed/Unrhymed
Follows a beat/has rhythm
Line division
Uses images to focus on a
particular idea
Targets emotions through use of
images
Divisions are stanzas
+ Prose
A woman stands on a mountain top with the cold
seeping into her body. She looks on the valley
below as the wind whips around her. She
cannot leave to go to the peaceful beauty
below.
In the valley, the sun shines from behind
the clouds causing flowers to bloom. A breeze
sends quivers through the leaves of trees. The
water gurgles in a brook. All the woman can do
is cry.
+ PoetryThe Woman on the Peak
The woman stands upon the barren peak,Gazing down on the world beneath.The lonely chill seeps from the groundInto her feet, spreading, upward bound.The angry wind whistles ‘round her head,Whipping her hair into streaming snakes,While she watches, wishes, weakly wails.
Beyond the mountain, sunshine peeks,Teasing flowers to survive and thrive.The breeze whispers through the leaves,Causing gentle quivers to sway the trees.Laughter gurgles as the splashing brookPlayfully tumbles over rugged rocks,While the woman above can only grieve.
+Enjambment The continuation of the sense of a phrase beyond the end of
a line of verse (run on).
T.S. Eliot’s “The Wasteland”
April is the cruelest month,
breeding
Lilacs out of the dead land,
mixing
Memory and desire,….
William Carlos Williams’s “Between
Walls” is one sentence broken into 10
enjambed lines:
+Rhyme
Rhyme is the repetition of the same stressed vowel sound and any succeeding sounds in two or more words.
Red, bed, said, Ted, etc…
Internal rhyme occurs within a line of poetry.
End rhyme occurs at the end of lines.
Rhyme scheme is the pattern of end rhymes that may be designated by assigning a different letter of the alphabet to each new rhyme
+ Rhyme Scheme
Pattern of rhyme in a stanza or poem. You can identify
the rhyme scheme in stanzas by looking at the last word
in the line and assigning letters to the rhyming words
Example:
Like the sun behind the clouds A
Like the darkness of the night B
Like the grass beneath the trees C
You stepped into the light… B
+
In the pathway of the sun,
In the footsteps of the breeze,
Where the world and sky are one,
He shall ride the silver seas,
He shall cut the glittering wave.
I shall sit at home, and rock;
Rise, to heed a neighbor’s knock;
Brew my tea, and snip my thread;
Bleach the linen for my bed.
They will call him brave.
“Penelope” by Dorothy ParkerA
B
A
B
C
D
D
E
E
C
+ Rhyme Scheme Practice1.
I knew I’d have to grow up sometime, ______
That my childhood memories would end, ______
But a spark within me died, ______
When I lost my imaginary friend. ______
2.
As the sun set and the moon came, ______
I looked out the window in dread and shame. ______
The sound of birds rose from the sky, ______
I waved my hand and bid goodbye. ______
+3.
When I look into his eyes, ______
I see the deep blue sea. ______
I hope my love never dies, ______
That he’ll always be there for me. ______
4.
And here ends the saga ______
Of writers who have grown. ______
We’re successful authors, ______
Now we will be unknown. ______
Rhyme Scheme Practice
+
Types of PoetryCinquain
Concrete
Dramatic Poetry Dramatizes action though
dialogue or monologue
Narrative Poetry
Poetry-Tells a story
Lyrical PoetryExpresses Personal
thoughts and Emotions
+Acrostic
A poem that spells out a word.
Scary
Curious
Humiliating
Open
Opportunity
Laughter
+Ballad
A ballad is a narrative poem that is sometimes set to
music. Ballads have a long history and are found in
many cultures. The ballad is usually based on a folk
tale or legend, and typically includes a refrain.
“The Mermaid” (excerpt)
by
Unknown author
Oh the ocean waves may roll,
And the stormy winds may blow,
While we poor sailors go skipping aloft
And the land lubbers lay down below, below, below
And the land lubbers lay down below.
+Cinquain
five line poem (1 noun, 2 adjectives, 3 gerunds, full sentence, 1
synonym)
Money
Green, desirable
Stealing, earning, sharing
It is the necessary evil of the world.
Greed
+Concrete
A poem that focuses on the visual aspect of poetry, thus
creating a shape.
+Diamante A Diamante Poem compares/ contrasts 2 opposite things/
objects
A Diamante Poem is composed of 7 lines, each line specific for a
certain aspect of the poem similar to a Cinquain.
Format
Line 1: One word Noun
Line 2: Two adjectives describing that
noun
Line 3: Three Verbs that the noun does
Line 4: 4 Things- 2 for the top noun, 2
for the bottom noun
Line 5: Three verbs for the bottom
noun
Line 6: Two adjectives that describe
the bottom noun
Line 7: One word noun
Sample
Cat
Furry, Silky
Sleeping, Purring,
Meowing
Tail, Fur, Tongue, Collar
Barking, Playing, Licking
Friendly, Big
Dog
+ Elegy An Elegy is a sad and thoughtful poem lamenting the death of a
person.
The Stone Alone in a meadow
in the pouring rain I find the stone that
causes all my pain,
As I stumble through the fog in disbelief
I fall down upon my knees and sob in grief
The fog horn cries her mournful sound
As my heart falls down,
beneath the ground Crying out to God
for mercy all in vain
To take away the stone that bears your
name
--Elaine George
+Epitaph
A short poem, saying or other message on a
gravestone in memory of a deceased
person.
EX: For Mary Fowler, 1792, age 24, Milford, CT
Molly tho’ pleasant in her day
Was suddenly seized and went away
How soon she’s ripe,
how soon she’s rotten
Laid in her grave and soon forgotten.
+Epic
An epic poem is a long, serious, poetic narrative about a significant event, often featuring a hero.
Example:
The Iliad
The Odyssey
-both by Homer
+ Free Verse
Free Verse is a type of poetry that exhibits very little boundaries. It
does not rhyme, but rather “flows” to the beat of a different drummer. It
is not story-like with complete sentences, but poetic like the following:
Nightmare
A thought, or is it reality
Mysterious happenings
Seeking to be let out
Scary beyond all measures
Falling into darkness
Only finding
…morning
+Sample Free Verse—Can you give
it a title?
Fleeting
Whispering the words of the deaf
Always felt but never touched
Always heard but never seen
Cornering you in the night
Unbiased
And everchanging
+ Let’s write one together.
Contribute a line!
Tomorrow
It is just beyond the horizon
+
Group 1 --Clouds
Group 2-- Adventure
Group 3--Winter
Group 4--Betrayal
Group 5--Laughter
Work collaboratively with your group to
construct a Free Verse poem over your given
topic. EACH group member must contribute
at least one line!
+Haiku
A Haiku is a Japanese poem that follows a specific pattern.
Haikus traditionally deal with subjects associated with nature
or natural things. - the first line must be five syllables- the
second line must be seven syllables- the third line must be
five syllables (5, 7, 5 rule)
Examples:
The whisper of wind
Here today, here tomorrow
Always Everywhere.
Yellow lines white lines
It shouldn't be quite so hard
To stay in between
Curving up, then down.
Meeting blue sky and green earth
Melding sun and rain.
+Are these Haikus? If not, how can
they be fixed?
Night
Mystery lurking
Chilled to the bones with fear
Cautiously waiting
Friends
Real friends cry with you
They pick up where you left off
Trust is key
+You try! Fill in the two five syllable lines.
*Fill in the seven syllable line.
It was the first time
_____________________________
_____________________________
*Fill in the two five syllable lines.
___________________________
The petals bend to the earth
___________________________
+LimerickA limerick poem is one in which the first, second and fifth lines rhyme with
each other and have the same number of syllables (typically 8 or 9).
The third and fourth lines rhyme with each other and have the same
amount of syllables. Limericks often start with the line "There once was
a..." or "There was a...” and are typically funny/humorous!
Example of an 8,8,5,5,8 syllable limerick:
There once was a girl on the bus
So cute she made Christopher fuss
He gave her a look
Got smacked with a book
It hurt him so bad that he cussed.
+Sample Limericks
There once was a boy named
Bieber
who gave all the ladies fever
Small pox it was not,
they thought he was hot,
with hair like a golden retriever.
My homework has just been beset
by the memes on the Internet
A panda sneezes...
Then my comp freezes!
And I'm stuck with math I don't get.
+ Lyric Poem A poem that expresses the thoughts and feelings of
the writer; has a song-like quality
Example:
I felt a Funeral, in my Brain, (340)
BY EMILY DICKINSON
I felt a Funeral, in my Brain,
And Mourners to and fro
Kept treading - treading - till it seemed
That Sense was breaking through -
And when they all were seated,
A Service, like a Drum -
Kept beating - beating - till I thought
My mind was going numb -
And then I heard them lift a Box
And creak across my Soul
With those same Boots of Lead, again,
Then Space - began to toll,
As all the Heavens were a Bell,
And Being, but an Ear,
And I, and Silence, some strange Race,
Wrecked, solitary, here -
And then a Plank in Reason, broke,
And I dropped down, and down -
And hit a World, at every plunge,
And Finished knowing - then -
+ Ode A poem that celebrates a subject; a tribute to an
object, person or event
Example:
Ode on SolitudeBY ALEXANDER POPE
Happy the man, whose wish and care
A few paternal acres bound,
Content to breathe his native air,
In his own ground.
Whose herds with milk, whose fields with
bread,
Whose flocks supply him with attire,
Whose trees in summer yield him shade,
In winter fire.
Blest, who can unconcernedly find
Hours, days, and years slide soft away,
In health of body, peace of mind,
Quiet by day,
Sound sleep by night; study and ease,
Together mixed; sweet recreation;
And innocence, which most does please,
With meditation.
Thus let me live, unseen, unknown;
Thus unlamented let me die;
Steal from the world, and not a stone
Tell where I lie.
+Sonnet
A form of poetry that was created during the renaissance. English sonnets consist of 14 lines; three, four line stanzas (quatrains) accompanied by a two line (couplets) closing stanza. The rhyming scheme for an English Sonnet is:
ababcdcdefefgg
To repeat one’s lovely self twice daily
And to tell the time is quite the ticket;
While grinding your shining gears quite gaily
Within ticking metal so intricate.
It just takes some time and its’ dictation
To fuel your ever-working little hands
Silently counting the world’s rotations
As wind blows hard upon the dusty sands.
A clever guardian of all that breathes
And of everything that’s rightly true;
An invisible sower of the seeds
But will you choose to see tomorrow through?
You can erode the world down to the last
Teller of future, and keeper of past.
Literally: words function exactly as definedThe car is blue.He caught the football.
Figuratively: figure out what it means
I’ve got your back.
You’re a doll.^Figures of Speech
Alliteration refers to repetition of a particular sound in the first syllables of a series of words and/or phrases. Don't delay dawns disarming display .
Dusk demands daylight . Dewdrops dwell delicatelydrawing dazzling delight .Dewdrops dilute daisies domain. Distinguished debutantes . Diamonds defray delivereddaylights distilled daisy dance
The line lingers,My stomach growls.Tina topples her tray,And the whole place howls!Spinach spills!Pass the paper towels!Someone pings a pea,And the fifth grade teacher frowns!What’s likely at lunch?Everyone chomps and chows down!
Repetition of vowel sound.
Examples “That solitude which suits abstruser
musings” - Samuel Taylor Coleridge
“Hear the mellow wedding bells.” — Edgar Allen Poe
Writers sometimes repeat vowel sounds to reinforce the meaning of the words. It also helps to create moods. Here, the long o sounds mysterious.
Poetry is old, ancient, goes back far. It is among the oldest of living things. So old it is that no man knows how and why the first poems came. --Carl Sandburg, Early Moon
And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the sideOf my darling, my darling, my life and my bride.
--Edgar Allan Poe, "Annabel Lee"
Repetition of a consonant sound that is not at the beginning of the word—appears in the middle or end of words.
Example The sun goes down “as in guys she gently sways at ease” –Robert
Frost The letter was blank, and she didn’t even blink. Sound beside the wood
Alliteration is repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of a word.
Assonance is repetition of vowel sounds (typically happens in the middle of a word).
Consonance is repetition of consonant sound at the end of words.
Trick: Put the words in alphabetical order!
Alliteration Assonance Consonance
beginning middle end
The repetition of a word or phrase for emphasis.
Winston Churchill’s famous 1940 speech before the Commons:
We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.
An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, a place, event, literary work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by implication.
I was his Juliet, he my Romeo.
When she walked down the hall they parted like the red sea.
Connotation - the emotion or attitude surrounding a word.
Denotation - the strict dictionary meaning of a word.
Example: You may live in a house, but we live in a home.
thrifty penny-pinching
pushy aggressive
politician statesman
chef cook
slender skinny
When we explore the connotation and denotation of a poem, we are looking at the poet’s diction.
Diction – the choice of words by an author or poet.
Many times, a poet’s diction can help unlock the tone or mood of the poem.
Mood – the feeling or atmosphere that a poet creates. Mood can suggest an emotion (ex. “excited”) or the quality of a setting (ex. “calm”, “somber”) In a poem, mood can be established through word choice, line length, rhythm, etc.
Tone – a reflection of the poet’s attitude toward the subject of a poem. Tone can be serious, sarcastic, humorous, etc.
Hyperboles are figures of speech that are exaggerated in order to create emphasis or effect. I’m so hungry I could eat a
horse!
I have a million things to do.
He’ll live to be six-hundred and two!
Idioms are, literally ideas as expressions. They develop from older usage, where the words mean something other than their literal meaning. A chip on your shoulder
A slap on the wrist
A fair-weather friend
A piece of cake
Imagery allows a writer to show what he/she means instead of just telling someone.
His skin smelled of poison, his face a flawless bronze. His features were dark, mysterious even. His eyes were a mixture of amber, brown, and the blackest black.
It involves one or more of your five senses (hearing, taste, touch, smell, sight). Imagery consists of descriptive words or phrases that re-create sensory experiences for the reader.
1. Frost on the window
2. Jet3. Kite4. Skyscraper5. Small child
A. Towering giant hovering above its subjects
B. Fragile plant sprouting from the earth seeking attention
C. A lace curtain made of silver thread
D. Howling monster ripping apart everything in his way
E. Swirly lines of whipped cream
Big/unfocused image Birthday parties are
fun.
School dances are strange.
The holocaust was inhumane.
Small/focused image Licking the pink
frosting off the ends of the candles
Strobe lights flickering over laughing faces as the beat pounds on
A mountain of children’s shoes
His car was a mess.
The food did not look good.
The dog was mean.
Her shoes did not fit.
Comparing two unlike things not using like or as.
Examples: My mother is a rock.He has a heart of stone.Life is a struggle.Time is money.
Hate is a sore, festering and bubbling on the heartHate is a single-leafed tree, its owner weak and aloneHate is a wilted rose, time has worn it from beauty to
wretchednessHate is a zit, ready to burstHate is the Hulk, small when calm, huge and fierce when agitatedHate is a snake, it swallows its enemies wholeHate is a birthday party, it can take you by surpriseHate is a tree, it stands the test of timeHate is a rubber band, it will snap when pulled too hardHate is a deadly disease, something you don’t want to catch
Extended Metaphor (also called a Conceit)
Hate is a zitEarned by debris, dirt, oil, grimeKicked into a faceBy a filthy worldIt begins beneath the surfaceThen pokes out its disgusting headMakes the face turn redAnd grows and growsUntil finallyIt explodes
You may use any of the following terms:
Love, faith, friendship, joy, cold, heat
Comparing two unlike things using like or as.
“Can’t you see they smell like a broom?”
“Their laughter was all of a sudden and surprised like a pile of dishes breaking”
The process of creating or using words that imitate sounds.
Buzz Chirp Baah Bang Beep clatter ding
Shout and shoot and gargle, gasp,Gab and gag and groan,Hem and haw and work the jaw,Grumble, mumble, moan…
Beef and bellyache and bat,Say a mouthful, squawk,That is what some people doWhen they merely talk.
A special kind of concise paradox that brings together two contradicting terms
The battle of little big horn.A venomous loveBitter-sweetAlone in a crowdAmong the firstA big baby
Awarding human like qualities to inanimate objects.
The sun looked down and smiled.Opportunity knocks.The Earth felt the wound.The lightning lashed out with anger.The stars danced in the night sky.