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Cities, Innovation, andE Governance
PresentationVilnius E governance Workshop
Tim Campbell, Urban AdviserWorld Bank
November 24, 2003
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ProgramVilnius, the first e Governance… • Why World Bank in Cities--The
Scale of Urban Growth• Why Vilnius E Governance
Workshop• Innovations in Cities–- Stepping
Stones• Learning Cities of Century 21
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Why WB in Cities?
Scale of Growth• In less than twenty years, more
than half of the developing world’s population will be urban
• By 2025, 2 billion more people in cities, 98 percent of this increase in the developing world
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1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Num
ber o
f Citi
es
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year
Number of Large Cities in Developing Countries by City Size Class, 1975-2015 (UN, 1995)
>5M
1-5M
0.5-1M
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Lending by Sector to ECAFY2002 US$5.5 billion
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Why the Vilnius E Governance Workshop ?
• Manufacturing falling as core economy • Electronic and information services rising• Trade liberalization and structural reform• Services become tradeables• Not capital intensive like heavy industries• Physical masterplanning were old vision;
new must be strategic
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Cities in Global Trade• Cities rise as centers of regions as
national boundaries fade• Velocity of transactions increases with
globalized networks, new shifts in comparative advantage
• European cities moving much more to soft issues in competitiveness struggle
• Zero sum game expands (elasticity of demand increases with growth-- tourism, cultural specialization)
• What is sustainable ?
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Sustainable Cities
Manageable Competitive
Bankable Livable
Sustainable Cities
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Sustainable Cities
Manageable Competitive
Bankable Livable
Sustainable Cities
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E Governance TriadExamples
• Publish– Canada public documents
• Interact– India on-line forum
• Transact– Chile procurement levels playing field– South Africa GIS linked to services and voting
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Case Examples• Vilnius “E City 4 All”
– Transport, security, public opinion• Singapore
– Integrated data from shipping in to “out”
• Brazil– S Paulo Poupatempo– Curitiba– range (transit) and evolution
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Transit in Curitiba and Bogota
Innovative BRT can be facilitated with e technology in
• GPS for tracking• Priority at intersections• Smart cards for fares• Started with a demonstration corridor (3
years in Bogotá has highest ridership in world)
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Sao Paulo– 25 Partners in Poupatempo
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next time let's dine
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Actions at different scales• Ukraine spreading to 9 cities working
with association of cities, started in 97; 500 enterprises involved to supplying service
• National scale for city application– Singapore shipping– S. Africa voting and property on GIS
• Melbourne Action Plan– 77 cities in association to share, exchange
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New Edges• Toronto cops– reporting on the scene• Denmark health forms (links to national
databases)• Arizona business services and voting• Started with publish, then transactions,
then private involvement
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E Governance and Development
• Evolution from publish to transactions• Next steps in measuring impact in
productivity, efficiency, and efficacy of governance… services where needed
• Translation into market in ratings, competitiveness, and electoral outcomes
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Part V: Lessons and Learning How to Learn
• at least start with basic tools and techniques of management-- redouble efforts in stock and trade of conventional ID
• support a horizontal learning process among leaders-- e.g., associations of local governments, other networks, conferences, study tours
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Lessons• Cities transmitting ideas to each
other• They operate in a more competitive
and more transparent world• They compete for good ideas• They need to sharpen their
identities and acquire greater coherence of resources
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Lessons– Assistance Modalities
• incubators-- hedge risks with a center for change, university or private research group
• fellowships for young leaders• grant program and jury• conventional project support,
e.g., municipal development funds
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• Deepen participatory techniques to improve understanding, buy-in
• communications and public education-- improving the quality of the message (Madison Ave $175 b industry)
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• systematic evaluation-- a role for donors and NGOs
• dissemination of experience-- publish, conferences, exchange networks, Assocs of LG
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V. City in Century 21• Learning city is the sustainable city• Cities with local identities, regional
resources, global reach• Clusters of cities and regions
– European model, political boundaries down, cultural and economic up
• Global cities linked by more than “e”– trade alliances, tourism rings,
associations of regional powers