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The family context and residential choice: A
challenge for new research
Clara H. Mulder
University of Amsterdam / AMIDSt
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AimPresenting a research agenda
Includes a concrete five-year programme carried out together with Francesca Michielin, Annika Smits, Aslan Zorlu and Marjolein Blaauboer
Funding: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
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DefinitionsMigration:
Long-distance changes of residence involving a change in daily activity space (internal; international)
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DefinitionsResidential choice:
‘Choice’ of (or: behaviour with respect to) location and housing quality (including housing tenure)
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DefinitionsFamily context:
Relations with family, both inside and outside the household (residential locations / geographical distance, contact, support)
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Aim of the researchInvestigating the influence of the family context on migration and residential choice of households and the feedback of these choices to (ethnic) segregation
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Why important in western countries
Family still paramount- Inter-generational transfers (increase?)- Non-western immigrants- Growing fluidity of nuclear families and households
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Why neglected so farFirst things first: other innovations in migration / residential choice research- Life-course approach, hazard analysis- Family migration (focus: nuclear family)- Inclusion of the macro context
Data requirements are huge
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Research challenges
- Family context and housing quality- Family context and residential location- Family attitudes and residential location- Family context and segregation
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Family context andhousing quality
- Previous research: inter-generational transmission of home-ownership- New: extension to: What are the mechanisms Does home-ownership run in families Does housing quality run in families
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Family context and residential location
- Previous research: scarce; some British and North American work on (changes in) distances between parents and children- New: extension to: Children moving towards parents Other family members; family networks Role of the family in residential inertia
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Family attitudes and residential location
- Previous research: location & attitudes towards (nuclear) family versus work- New: extension to: Longitudinal approach (what comes first) Location/relocation & attitudes/norms towards family
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Family context andsegregation
- Previous research: role of co-ethnics in location choice of immigrants upon arrival- New: extension to: Role of family in … (see above) Role of family in subsequent relocations Feedback to segregation
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Theory
The family as a keep factor / trigger for moving- Family solidarity (obligation; actual support)- Location-specific capital
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Theory
The family as a source of resources- Inter-generational transfers- Transmission of socioeconomic status
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Theory
The family as a socialization agent- Preference for at least the same quality of life (compare Easterlin)- Familiarity with location / type of location- Deliberate propagation by parents (e.g. of homeownership)
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TheoryProximity to family as a by-product- Housing careers start from parental home- Inertia / principle of least effort; moves tend to be short-distance- Determinants of migration are also determinants of long distance- Degree of urbanization: city dwellers are more likely to have moved
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Data requirementsData should:
- Include locations (not just distance!) and relocations of family members plus background characteristics- Include as many observations as possible (rare events; family context = just one determinant among many, among which some are likely more important) - Preferably be longitudinal
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Data availabilitySample surveys:
- France: Enquete Biographies et Entourage (Event Histories and Contact Circle)- Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (Wave 1 available; Wave 2 to be collected from September 2006)
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Data availabilityRegister data:- Sweden, Denmark, Norway (on-site analysis of whole population possible)- Finland (off-site analysis of 10% sample)- Netherlands: Social-Statistical Database (on-site, whole population). Brand-new! Parent-child links are now available
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ResultsMainly:
???
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ResultsInter-generational transmission of home-ownership: as much caused by similarity in housing-market characteristics as by direct transfers (NKPS; Helderman & Mulder, forthcoming in Urban Studies)
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ResultsDistance to family members associated with level of education (+), age (+), degree of urbanization (+), being foreign born (-, at least within the Netherlands) (NKPS; Mulder & Kalmijn)
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Results… and also with being an only child (-), siblings close to parents (-), having left home early (+), early labour market entry (-), early home-ownership (-), gifts from parents (-) (NKPS; Michielin & Mulder, in progress)
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ResultsOlder people do seem to move towards their children, particularly if they have grandchildren (not so much if they are older; living alone; have health problems) (NKPS; Van Diepen & Mulder, submitted to Tijdschrift voor Sociologie)
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ResultsYounger and middle aged: no significant difference between moving away and moving towards family… Possibly sample size problem (NKPS). To be continued with Social Statistical Database (Michielin)
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Conclusion
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Conclusion
More work to be done…