Download - COM 260-OL Midterm Project
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BY BRYONY PARKER
COM 260-OLMODULE 8: MID TERM
From this… To this…
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MY TECHNOLOGY TIMELINE:
1851 1861 1871 1890 18971834
First permanent (negative)
image
Wet Plate Collodion Process
First permanent color photo
Dry Plate Collodion Process
Rotogravure Process
NY Tribune – first halftone
photo
1990
Internet arrives
1999
Nikon D1
2007
The iPhone arrives
(Instagram 2010)
2008
Wireless transmitters
2013
Canon EOS 5D Mark III
Pre-digital technologies Digital technologies
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PRE-DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES:
I will cover the following six pre-digital technologies in detail:
1. The first permanent negative image2. The Wet Plate Collodion Process3. The first permanent color image4. The Dry Plate Collodion Process5. Rotogravure Process 6. The first halftone photo
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1834: THE FIRST NEGATIVE IMAGE
• Believed to be produced by William Henry Fox Talbot (the widely held belief).
• Talbot took the photo of “the lattice window in the South Gallery”, Lacock Abbey. However, it was very poor quality.
• This process utilized silver chloride and salt solution in order to produce the image.
• Advantage over daguerreotype images = reproducible.
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THE FIRST NEGATIVE IMAGE CONT…
Photo by: William Henry Fox Talbot
Image source:
http://matthew12photoym.wordpress.com/2011/11/
Year Created: 1835
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1851: WET PLATE COLLODION PROCESS
• Invented in 1851 by Frederick Scott Arthur and utilized throughout Europe and North American until 1880.
Photo by: France Scully OstermanImage Source: http://www.f295.org/symposium2008/?page_id=68
Image source: http://timberwolfphotolounge.blogspot.com/2013/01/look-wet-plate-collodion.html
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WET PLATE PROCESS CONT…
Advantages:
• Enabled photographers to develop images in greater detail.
• Produce limitless copies and negative photographs.
• Much more efficient than the processes that came before it, for instance, daguerreotype and calotype.
• Still utilized today because the end product is usually a glossy albumen print: red/brown/purple in color.
Disadvantages:
• Extensive process and requires precision.
• Has the potential to be dangerous for the photographer.
• Requires a significant amount of portable equipment.
• Tremendously time sensitive.
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1861: THE FIRST COLOR IMAGE
• Produced by Thomas Sutten and the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1861.
• Maxwell had been experimenting in color theory for an extensive period of time. He eventually discovered that a color image could be produced using red, green, and blue filters.
• He also developed the electromagnetic theory.
• Fun fact: “The three photographic plates now reside in a small museum at 14 India Street, Edinburgh, the house where Maxwell was born.”
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THE FIRST COLOR IMAGE:
Photo by: James Clerk MaxwellImage Source: http://www.worldsfamousphotos.com/2007/10/07/the-first-color-photograph-1961/Year created: 1861
This tartan ribbon was created“by photographing it three times through red, blue, and yellow filters, then recombining the images into one color composite.”
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1871: DRY PLATE COLLODION PROCESS
• This process came 20 years after the Wet Plate Collodion Process
• Advantages: much more practical and convenient and no longer required a dark room/tent to develop the prints.
• The plates did not have to be “prepared immediately before taking photographs and processed immediately after.” They were prepared in advance.
• The Dry Plate Collodion Process enabled photographers to produce landscape images.
• According to Mark Schoeler, this process was “the direct forerunner of roll film.”
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DRY PLATE PROCESS CONT…
• Both Richard Leach Maddox and Joseph Wilson Swan are credited with the invention of the Dry Plate Collodion Process.
Photo by: Tai Oliphant
Image Source: http://www.derivedlogic.com/Traditional%20Photography/DryPlateProcess/DryProcess.html
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1890: ROTOGRAVURE PROCESS
• The Rotogravure Process was considered to be an efficient and favorable process for printing images in newspapers.
• This process involved an etched cylinder and utilized “intaglio printing, in which metal is etched with recessed "cells" to hold the ink.”
• Renowned for its “high quality gradation and color depth.”
• As well as, high speed printing on a large scale, cost effectiveness, printing consistency, and anti-smear results.
• Rotogravure is still utilized today, despite the shift to digital technologies, specifically multimedia convergence and online newspapers.
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ROTOGRAVURE PROCESS CONT…
No photographer included, image used by the company DCM Group
Image Source: http://www.dcm.fr/rotogravure-printing.html
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1897: THE FIRST HALFTONE PHOTO
• Considered a major breakthrough in printing – shades of gray in between black and white and converted photographs into dots.
• The first halftone photograph was printed on the front page of the New York Tribune.
• This illustrated that “the halftone process can be applied on the high-speed web perfecting presses at large-circulation newspapers.”
• The Tribune's portrait “startled New York journalism,” says the trade journal Fourth Estate.
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THE FIRST HALFTONE PHOTO:
Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DCImage source: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1897-01-21/ed-1/seq-1/Year Created: 1897
Thomas Platt, New York's U.S. SenatorThe New York Tribune
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THE DIGITAL AGE:
I will cover the following six digital technologies in detail:
1. The internet & online newspapers2. Nikon D1 camera3. The release of the iPhone (instagram)4. Wireless transmitters5. Canon EOS 5D Mark III
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1990: THE BIRTH OF THE INTERNET
World Wide Web:
• Berners-Lee and his colleagues were instrumental in the development of the internet.
• Creation of URL and “developed a shared format for hypertext documents which was named HTML.”
• “URL and HTML significantly increased the possibility of interaction between users and networks across the internet.
Online Newspapers:
• The growth and expansion of the Internet caused a huge shift to a multimedia online world.
• Vast decline in circulation and job cuts in the printing industry.
• Multimedia convergence.• Varied distribution channels.• Opportunities for blogging.• Multimedia proficiency
expected.• Tighter deadlines & submission
from the scene. • Ex: www.masslive.com/
.
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1999: NIKON D1 CAMERA
• Introduced June 15, 1999.
• DSLR – Digital Single-Lens Reflex (looking directly through the lens).
• 2.74 megapixel image, compared to 8 megapixel images with the iPhone (produces a much larger file).
• 4.5 frames per second.
• “The D1 was the first professional digital SLR that displaced Kodak's then-undisputed reign over the professional market.”
Considered a state of the art camera in 1999.
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2007: THE IPHONE ARRIVES
This first video illustrates the first iPhone ad:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4acWkNihaxc
This second video is an instagram tutorial:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtMepU6gQVU
2007 2010
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THE IPHONE AND INSTAGRAM:
iPhone:• Steve Jobs and Apple released
the first iPhone in 2007. • According to Time Magazine,
it was “the invention of the year.”
• Steve Jobs referred to it as a “revolutionary mobile phone.” It was first on sale between $499 and $599.
• Time Magazine utilized this device to shoot and post images from Hurricane Sandy.
• The market became tremendously competitive as anyone could take a picture with the iPhone.
Instagram (2010)
• Photo sharing/social media site.
• Extremely popular in today’s society amongst all ages.
• This app has been the primary outlet for breaking news stories, for example, Hurricane Sandy.
• This is a different distribution channel utilized to reach mass audiences.
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2008: WIRELESS TRANSMITTERS
• Digital transmission has been a key development in this digital era.
• Wireless transmission enables a photographer to take a picture, send it to their cell phone and using a Wi-Fi hotspot they can then transmit the image back to the newsroom.
• Extremely beneficial for time sensitive assignments and meeting deadlines.
• Due to the competition in today’s market, photojournalists are always looking to get the edge over other photographers.
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2013: CANON EOS 5D MARK III
• 22.3 Megapixel, full-frame CMOS sensor • 61-point AF with up to 41 cross-type AF
points • Zone, Spot and AF Point Expansion
focusing modes • DIGIC 5+ processor • Up to 6 fps shooting speed • ISO 100 to 25,600 (ISO 50, 51,200 and
102,400 with expansion) • +/- 5 stops of exposure compensation • HDR shooting in-camera • Full HD Movie shooting with ALL-I or IPB
compression • 29 mins 59 sec clip length in Full HD Movie • Timecode setting for HD Movie shooting • Transparent LCD viewfinder with 100%
coverage • 3.2" (8.11cm) 1.04 million-pixel Clear View
II LCD Screen • Silent control touch-pad area • Dual-Axis Electronic Level
“The most anticipated camera announcement in
history.”
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OVERALL…
• Overall, the digital revolution (the internet in particular) has changed the face of photography and photojournalism forever. Although some pre-digital technologies are still utilized today, we will never go back to how things once were. Technology will just continue to expand and grow and become more and more efficient.
• Photojournalism is no longer a hassle that requires an abundance of equipment that has to be transported in a special trailer each time you want to take a photograph. With the media in today’s society, photojournalists have to act quickly and sometimes think on their feet to get “the” shot before emailing it to their editor to publish.
• The key to being a successful photojournalist is spontaneity. You should always keep your eye out for a potential photograph no matter where you are, even if you are just carrying your cell phone.
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WORKS CITED (IMAGES):
• http://www.antiquewoodcameras.com/ (slide 1)• http://www.digitaltrends.com/photography/samsung-digital-cameras/ (slide 1) • http://
www.theverge.com/2012/7/13/3156586/old-wire-service-photography-equipment (slide 3)
• http://www.worldsfamousphotos.com/2007/10/07/the-first-color-photograph-1961/ (slide 9)
• http://www.derivedlogic.com/Traditional%20Photography/DryPlateProcess/DryProcess.html (slide 11)
• http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1897-01-21/ed-1/seq-1/ (slide 15)• http://
www.123rf.com/photo_3276364_cybernetic-hand-interacting-with-some-digital-dimension-digital-illustration.html (slide 16)
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikon_D1 (slide 18)• http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/10401000 (slide 19)• http://
www.jobsnhire.com/articles/2615/20120731/instagram-news-mtv-starbucks-e-online-nike-victorias-secret-and-burberry-are-the-top-followed-brands-on-the-mobile-app.htm (slide 19)
• http://www.the-digital-picture.com/Reviews/Canon-EOS-5D-Mark-III-DSLR-Camera-Review.aspx (slide 22)
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WORKS CITED (TEXT):
• http://www.historiccamera.com/history1/photo_history1835.html (slide 4)• http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/videoDetails?segid=1726 (slide 8) • http://www.worldsfamousphotos.com/2007/10/07/the-first-color-photograph-1961/
(slide 8)• http://
www.alternativephotography.com/wp/processes/gelatin-silver/silver-gelatin-dry-plate-process (slide 10)
• http://www.edinphoto.org.uk/1_early/1_early_photography_-_processes_-_dry_plates.htm (slide 10)
• http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/rotogravures/rotoprocess.html (slide 12)
• http://academic2.american.edu/~wjc/1897/timeline.html (slide 14)• http://www.newmedia.org/history-of-the-internet.html?page=4 (slide 17)• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikon_D1 (slide 18)• http://
www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1677329_1678542_1677891,00.html (slide 20)
• http://money.cnn.com/2007/01/09/technology/apple_jobs/index.htm (slide 20)• http://www.the-digital-picture.com/Reviews/Canon-EOS-5D-Mark-III-DSLR-Camera-
Review.aspx (slide 22)
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WORKS CITED (VIDEO):
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4acWkNihaxc (slide 19)• John Nordell: Working in the Digital Age – Part 2 Module 6 (slide 21)