BY BRYONY PARKER

COM 260-OLMODULE 8: MID TERM

From this… To this…

MY TECHNOLOGY TIMELINE:

1851 1861 1871 1890 18971834

First permanent (negative)

image

Wet Plate Collodion Process

First permanent color photo

Dry Plate Collodion Process

Rotogravure Process

NY Tribune – first halftone

photo

1990

Internet arrives

1999

Nikon D1

2007

The iPhone arrives

(Instagram 2010)

2008

Wireless transmitters

2013

Canon EOS 5D Mark III

Pre-digital technologies Digital technologies

PRE-DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES:

I will cover the following six pre-digital technologies in detail:

1. The first permanent negative image2. The Wet Plate Collodion Process3. The first permanent color image4. The Dry Plate Collodion Process5. Rotogravure Process 6. The first halftone photo

1834: THE FIRST NEGATIVE IMAGE

• Believed to be produced by William Henry Fox Talbot (the widely held belief).

• Talbot took the photo of “the lattice window in the South Gallery”, Lacock Abbey. However, it was very poor quality.

• This process utilized silver chloride and salt solution in order to produce the image.

• Advantage over daguerreotype images = reproducible.

THE FIRST NEGATIVE IMAGE CONT…

Photo by: William Henry Fox Talbot

Image source:

http://matthew12photoym.wordpress.com/2011/11/

Year Created: 1835

1851: WET PLATE COLLODION PROCESS

• Invented in 1851 by Frederick Scott Arthur and utilized throughout Europe and North American until 1880.

Photo by: France Scully OstermanImage Source: http://www.f295.org/symposium2008/?page_id=68

Image source: http://timberwolfphotolounge.blogspot.com/2013/01/look-wet-plate-collodion.html

WET PLATE PROCESS CONT…

Advantages:

• Enabled photographers to develop images in greater detail.

• Produce limitless copies and negative photographs.

• Much more efficient than the processes that came before it, for instance, daguerreotype and calotype.

• Still utilized today because the end product is usually a glossy albumen print: red/brown/purple in color.

Disadvantages:

• Extensive process and requires precision.

• Has the potential to be dangerous for the photographer.

• Requires a significant amount of portable equipment.

• Tremendously time sensitive.

1861: THE FIRST COLOR IMAGE

• Produced by Thomas Sutten and the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1861.

• Maxwell had been experimenting in color theory for an extensive period of time. He eventually discovered that a color image could be produced using red, green, and blue filters.

• He also developed the electromagnetic theory.

• Fun fact: “The three photographic plates now reside in a small museum at 14 India Street, Edinburgh, the house where Maxwell was born.”

THE FIRST COLOR IMAGE:

Photo by: James Clerk MaxwellImage Source: http://www.worldsfamousphotos.com/2007/10/07/the-first-color-photograph-1961/Year created: 1861

This tartan ribbon was created“by photographing it three times through red, blue, and yellow filters, then recombining the images into one color composite.”

1871: DRY PLATE COLLODION PROCESS

• This process came 20 years after the Wet Plate Collodion Process

• Advantages: much more practical and convenient and no longer required a dark room/tent to develop the prints.

• The plates did not have to be “prepared immediately before taking photographs and processed immediately after.” They were prepared in advance.

• The Dry Plate Collodion Process enabled photographers to produce landscape images.

• According to Mark Schoeler, this process was “the direct forerunner of roll film.”

DRY PLATE PROCESS CONT…

• Both Richard Leach Maddox and Joseph Wilson Swan are credited with the invention of the Dry Plate Collodion Process.

Photo by: Tai Oliphant

Image Source: http://www.derivedlogic.com/Traditional%20Photography/DryPlateProcess/DryProcess.html

1890: ROTOGRAVURE PROCESS

• The Rotogravure Process was considered to be an efficient and favorable process for printing images in newspapers.

• This process involved an etched cylinder and utilized “intaglio printing, in which metal is etched with recessed "cells" to hold the ink.”

• Renowned for its “high quality gradation and color depth.”

• As well as, high speed printing on a large scale, cost effectiveness, printing consistency, and anti-smear results.

• Rotogravure is still utilized today, despite the shift to digital technologies, specifically multimedia convergence and online newspapers.

ROTOGRAVURE PROCESS CONT…

No photographer included, image used by the company DCM Group

Image Source: http://www.dcm.fr/rotogravure-printing.html

1897: THE FIRST HALFTONE PHOTO

• Considered a major breakthrough in printing – shades of gray in between black and white and converted photographs into dots.

• The first halftone photograph was printed on the front page of the New York Tribune.

• This illustrated that “the halftone process can be applied on the high-speed web perfecting presses at large-circulation newspapers.”

• The Tribune's portrait “startled New York journalism,” says the trade journal Fourth Estate.

THE FIRST HALFTONE PHOTO:

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DCImage source: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1897-01-21/ed-1/seq-1/Year Created: 1897

Thomas Platt, New York's U.S. SenatorThe New York Tribune

THE DIGITAL AGE:

I will cover the following six digital technologies in detail:

1. The internet & online newspapers2. Nikon D1 camera3. The release of the iPhone (instagram)4. Wireless transmitters5. Canon EOS 5D Mark III

1990: THE BIRTH OF THE INTERNET

World Wide Web:

• Berners-Lee and his colleagues were instrumental in the development of the internet.

• Creation of URL and “developed a shared format for hypertext documents which was named HTML.”

• “URL and HTML significantly increased the possibility of interaction between users and networks across the internet.

Online Newspapers:

• The growth and expansion of the Internet caused a huge shift to a multimedia online world.

• Vast decline in circulation and job cuts in the printing industry.

• Multimedia convergence.• Varied distribution channels.• Opportunities for blogging.• Multimedia proficiency

expected.• Tighter deadlines & submission

from the scene. • Ex: www.masslive.com/

.

1999: NIKON D1 CAMERA

• Introduced June 15, 1999.

• DSLR – Digital Single-Lens Reflex (looking directly through the lens).

• 2.74 megapixel image, compared to 8 megapixel images with the iPhone (produces a much larger file).

• 4.5 frames per second.

• “The D1 was the first professional digital SLR that displaced Kodak's then-undisputed reign over the professional market.”

Considered a state of the art camera in 1999.

2007: THE IPHONE ARRIVES

This first video illustrates the first iPhone ad:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4acWkNihaxc

This second video is an instagram tutorial:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtMepU6gQVU

2007 2010

THE IPHONE AND INSTAGRAM:

iPhone:• Steve Jobs and Apple released

the first iPhone in 2007. • According to Time Magazine,

it was “the invention of the year.”

• Steve Jobs referred to it as a “revolutionary mobile phone.” It was first on sale between $499 and $599.

• Time Magazine utilized this device to shoot and post images from Hurricane Sandy.

• The market became tremendously competitive as anyone could take a picture with the iPhone.

Instagram (2010)

• Photo sharing/social media site.

• Extremely popular in today’s society amongst all ages.

• This app has been the primary outlet for breaking news stories, for example, Hurricane Sandy.

• This is a different distribution channel utilized to reach mass audiences.

2008: WIRELESS TRANSMITTERS

• Digital transmission has been a key development in this digital era.

• Wireless transmission enables a photographer to take a picture, send it to their cell phone and using a Wi-Fi hotspot they can then transmit the image back to the newsroom.

• Extremely beneficial for time sensitive assignments and meeting deadlines.

• Due to the competition in today’s market, photojournalists are always looking to get the edge over other photographers.

2013: CANON EOS 5D MARK III

• 22.3 Megapixel, full-frame CMOS sensor • 61-point AF with up to 41 cross-type AF

points • Zone, Spot and AF Point Expansion

focusing modes • DIGIC 5+ processor • Up to 6 fps shooting speed • ISO 100 to 25,600 (ISO 50, 51,200 and

102,400 with expansion) • +/- 5 stops of exposure compensation • HDR shooting in-camera • Full HD Movie shooting with ALL-I or IPB

compression • 29 mins 59 sec clip length in Full HD Movie • Timecode setting for HD Movie shooting • Transparent LCD viewfinder with 100%

coverage • 3.2" (8.11cm) 1.04 million-pixel Clear View

II LCD Screen • Silent control touch-pad area • Dual-Axis Electronic Level

“The most anticipated camera announcement in

history.”

OVERALL…

• Overall, the digital revolution (the internet in particular) has changed the face of photography and photojournalism forever. Although some pre-digital technologies are still utilized today, we will never go back to how things once were. Technology will just continue to expand and grow and become more and more efficient.

• Photojournalism is no longer a hassle that requires an abundance of equipment that has to be transported in a special trailer each time you want to take a photograph. With the media in today’s society, photojournalists have to act quickly and sometimes think on their feet to get “the” shot before emailing it to their editor to publish.

• The key to being a successful photojournalist is spontaneity. You should always keep your eye out for a potential photograph no matter where you are, even if you are just carrying your cell phone.

WORKS CITED (IMAGES):

• http://www.antiquewoodcameras.com/ (slide 1)• http://www.digitaltrends.com/photography/samsung-digital-cameras/ (slide 1) • http://

www.theverge.com/2012/7/13/3156586/old-wire-service-photography-equipment (slide 3)

• http://www.worldsfamousphotos.com/2007/10/07/the-first-color-photograph-1961/ (slide 9)

• http://www.derivedlogic.com/Traditional%20Photography/DryPlateProcess/DryProcess.html (slide 11)

• http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1897-01-21/ed-1/seq-1/ (slide 15)• http://

www.123rf.com/photo_3276364_cybernetic-hand-interacting-with-some-digital-dimension-digital-illustration.html (slide 16)

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikon_D1 (slide 18)• http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/10401000 (slide 19)• http://

www.jobsnhire.com/articles/2615/20120731/instagram-news-mtv-starbucks-e-online-nike-victorias-secret-and-burberry-are-the-top-followed-brands-on-the-mobile-app.htm (slide 19)

• http://www.the-digital-picture.com/Reviews/Canon-EOS-5D-Mark-III-DSLR-Camera-Review.aspx (slide 22)

WORKS CITED (TEXT):

• http://www.historiccamera.com/history1/photo_history1835.html (slide 4)• http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/videoDetails?segid=1726 (slide 8) • http://www.worldsfamousphotos.com/2007/10/07/the-first-color-photograph-1961/

(slide 8)• http://

www.alternativephotography.com/wp/processes/gelatin-silver/silver-gelatin-dry-plate-process (slide 10)

• http://www.edinphoto.org.uk/1_early/1_early_photography_-_processes_-_dry_plates.htm (slide 10)

• http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/rotogravures/rotoprocess.html (slide 12)

• http://academic2.american.edu/~wjc/1897/timeline.html (slide 14)• http://www.newmedia.org/history-of-the-internet.html?page=4 (slide 17)• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikon_D1 (slide 18)• http://

www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1677329_1678542_1677891,00.html (slide 20)

• http://money.cnn.com/2007/01/09/technology/apple_jobs/index.htm (slide 20)• http://www.the-digital-picture.com/Reviews/Canon-EOS-5D-Mark-III-DSLR-Camera-

Review.aspx (slide 22)

WORKS CITED (VIDEO):

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4acWkNihaxc (slide 19)• John Nordell: Working in the Digital Age – Part 2 Module 6 (slide 21)