Download - Conservation Ecology Final
-
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
1/14
Biology Do Now 16Biology Do Now 161.Differentiate between
transpiration and evaporation.
2.Diagram and describe thenitrogen cycle. Be sure to
include any key organisms.
3.Explain how the carbon-oxygencycle is maintained on earth.
4.Differentiate betweengreenhouse effect and globalwarming
5.Define ozone and explain its
-
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
2/14
Carbon cycle impactsCarbon cycle impacts
Atmospheric CO2 levels have steadily risen(more industrialized)Burning of wood and fossil fuels release CO2 into
atmDeforestation affects carbon cycle
Def: clearing of forests for lumber, agriculture, etc. Eliminates plants that absorb excess CO2 from the air
Slash and burn removes plants and adds CO2 to air
Greenhouse effect When atmospheric gases trap heat close to Earths
surface
Makes Earth liveable
Global warming (theory) Theory that there is an overall rise in global
temperatures b/c of increase in greenhouse gasses(CO2)
NOT proven
-
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
3/14
-
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
4/14
Nitrogen Cycle ImpactsNitrogen Cycle Impacts
Humans move large amounts of nitrogeninto air or water Sewage treatments, fertilizers
Lots of Nitrogen in water (and phosphorus)enables algae to grow rapidly on the
surfaceeutrophication As algae dies, bacteria that consumes them use
up so much available oxygen in the water thatthere isn't enough for the other marineorganisms
Lots of Nitrogen (and sulfur) in Air Smokestacks and car exhaust pipes These nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds
mix with water in the air to make NITRIC ACIDand SULFURIC ACID
These acids evaporate, condense and comedown as ACID PRECIAPTATION (acid rain)
Acid Rain causes damage to soils and aquaticecos stems
-
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
5/14
-Fertilizers are often used in farming,sometimes these fertilizers run-off intonearby water causing an increase innutrient levels.-This causes phytoplankton to grow and
reproduce more rapidly, resulting in algalblooms.-This bloom of algae disrupts normalecosystem functioning and causes manyproblems.-The algae may use up all the oxygen in
the water, leaving none for other marinelife. This results in the death of manyaquatic organisms such as fish, whichneed the oxygen in the water to live.-The bloom of algae may also blocksunlight from photosynthetic marine plantsunder the water surface.-Some algae even produce toxins that areharmful to higher forms of life. This cancause problems along the food chain andaffect any animal that feeds on them.
http://www.eoearth.org/image/SaltonSeaFishKill.jpghttp://www.eoearth.org/image/Algal_bloom_orielton_Australia.jpg -
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
6/14
Water Cycle ImpactWater Cycle Impact
Deforestation Freshwater returns to atmosphere by
TRANSPIRATION from tropical forests
Cut down tropical forest=reduce water
vapor in air=changes in precipitationpatterns and effects ecosystems
Irrigation and household water use Draws water up from aquifers and rivers
If rate at which H2O is used is FASTERthan the water cycle can replace it,rivers nad aquifers may run dry(effects ecosystems)
-
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
7/14
Pollution and thePollution and theEnvironmentEnvironmentPollution: addition of substances to the
environment that result in a NEGATIVEeffect
Biological Magnification Animals take in water and nutrients and
sometimes pollutants w/them
PCBs Disposed in industrial wastes and Soluble in lipidsof animals
Concentration of PCBs increases in organisms
tissues increase as you move up trophic levels DDTs
Chemical used to control mosquitoes and croppests
Soluble in fatty tissue
Birds had high levels of DDT in their tissue and in
egg shells, which causes shells to be brittle andyoung birds cannot survive
dichlor-diphenyl-trichlorethylene C14H9Cl5
-
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
8/14
-
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
9/14
Damage to OzoneDamage to OzoneOzone: gas in atmosphere (O3)
Ozone absorbs UV radiation from the sun(protects organisms on earth from harmfulrays)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) is a chemicalreleased from aerosol cans, refrigeratorunits and certain manufacturing processes Chlorine from CFCs pull off an oxygen from a
molecule of O3, making chlorine monoxide,ClO, and ozone into regular O2, and the ClObinds with another ClO making chlorineperoxide (Cl2 O2)..and now there is one lessmolecule of O3 in the atmosphere to protectorganisms from harmful UV radiation...sun also
breaks the chlorine peroxide (Cl2 O2) intochlorine atoms and another O2 molecule andthe cycle continues with more carbonsinteracting with ozone molecules
Holes in the Ozone
-
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
10/14
http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/StratO3.jpeg -
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
11/14
BiodiversityBiodiversity
Definition: # of species in anecosystem; the variety ofecosystems; the variety of
individuals in a speciesWhy is biodiversity important? Species in ecosystem are
interconnected and depend on
each other If one species disappears, many
others affected
Humans depend on biodiversity as
well (food, shelter, clothing,medicine
-
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
12/14
Threats to BiodiversityThreats to Biodiversity
Habitat destructionIntroduced Species
Over Exploitation of resources
-
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
13/14
Conservation BiologyConservation Biology Def: application of biology to counteract the threats to biodiversity
Focus on hot spots
Small geographic areas with high conc. of speciesCover less than 1.5% of earths surfaceHotspots of extinctionContain 1/3 of all plants and vertebrates
Understand Organisms habitatsHelps maintain org. habitat or create new habitatsBiologists can protect key habitat factors of species
Balance demand for resourcesSave species or meet economic and social needs of peopleSave a forest to protect and owl but put many loggers out of work?
Planning for a Sustainable futureWays nations protect environment for future:Zoned reserves-areas of land that are relatively undisturbed by humans
Encourage long term ecosystem conservationsBuffer zones-areas that surround zoned reserve; these buffers are
minimally impacted by people...no major envirm. disturbancesEx. Costa Rica- 8 zoned reserves
Sustainable development- developing natural resources so that the canrenew themselves and be available to the futureEx. Forest corridor between farmlands
-
8/14/2019 Conservation Ecology Final
14/14