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The socioeconomic benefts
o being a green city
Copenhagen Beyond Green
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copenh
agen
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reen
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Editor: Meik Wiking, Monday Morning, [email protected]
Design: Dansk Kommunikation, Erik Ambjrn, [email protected]
Data: DAMVAD A/S
Frontpage photos: Wonderfull Copenhagen, Rishi Happy, Christian Alsing, Kontraframe
Photos inside: Wonderful Copenhagen 4, 6, 16, 21 bottom, 28, 32
Schlosser City of Copenhagen 21 top, 25
Kontraframe City of Copenhagen 22, 26-27, 31, 35
Rishi Happy City of Copenhagen 14-15,
Vestforbrnding36
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Introduction
The green tiger
Oer te course of e years, te green sector in Copenagen experiences a
55 percent increase in turnoer, 12 percent annual growt rates in exports, and an
increase in productivity four times higher than the average of the region.
The consequences o copenhagenization
Improed ealt and quality of life.
Total aoided cost is estimated to $43 million.
Increased tourism and job generation.
From health hazard to urban oasis
Reitalization of te local business life.
Increased alue of real estate.
Increased quality of life and tourism.
Blue gold. Clearance sale. Save $84 million
Water saings of 12.409.935.974 liters per year.
A reduction in water consumption of 26 percent.
Saings constitute $84 million annually.
Maing cars happy, or people? Integrated public transport
Conenient and efcient transport.
A reduction in congestions and lost ours. Te ours due to trafc congestions.currently constitute DKK 5.7 billion per year for the Capital Region.
Waste not
Fewer landlls as only 1,8 percent of te waste is sent to landlls
compared to oer 40 percent in 1988.
Incinerated waste produces energy for te district eating system warming
98 percent of ouses and apartments in Copenagen.
Less negatie impact on local real estate.
Hot town summer in the city
A reduction in energy consumption by 80 percent.
Improement in ealt and quality of life.
Presering te arcitectural impression.
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Copenagen were green inestments ae offered benets beyond enironmental
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The green capital
T it c is wll kw s it.
Tu stti ub li ist vimtl mbitis, c
s t swms lists, l til s, i s wbl ,
l wt i its b, wl lss sstm istit ti itt ublitstti.
S w t emist Itlli Uit k 30 eu itis Sims i 2009, it
ws suis tt c m ut t. T, c is wll-kw l
ml itis wit sitis.
Wt is t s wll kw but bi it t sil mi bts.
T missi g gwt Ls is t xmi t vi wt
umt t bts. It is m tis stti it w st ut t xmi t mi
sil bts iititivs i c. Wt w v l is tt ub
ivstmts bts b vimtl. Wt w v u is vi w sustibl li b m u, m tbl, lti, t
i li.
Ivsti i li ls t l uts co2 missis imvs itizs lt
qulit li, but imvs t bttm li t it. cli t wt i t b t
l imvs t vimt, but iss l stt vlus, ll busiss li tu-
ism. Ivsti i itt ubli tst sstm t l us t sti,
but svs billis lls ks t it it mtitiv. hmw
t l us ltiit, but llws ll busisss t bm st mtitiv.
g must, t, b s i b stiv t stitl vimtl. It is t
l but ui co2 missis. It is ls but imvi qulit li ti
jbs busiss tuitis tuut t ti m t just i t l-t
st.
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Te green sector is an important wealt generator and growt engine for Copenagen
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The green tiger
Lki t c s wl, wt b si but tuv, xts
utivit? Wt t mi ts its iititivs mbi-
tis?
T xlsiv mi wt ci is t ws t t wl. Si t mi -ms d Xii, ci s bm ustm t bi t wt i t
wl, wit ul wt ts t t gdp. nvtlss, lki t c-
, w u st tt w s tull utm ci.
Fm 2004 t 2009 t wt t t c st s. ov t
us v s t tuv t i t st i t itl i i-
s b 55 t, tibuti m t dKK 50 billi i 2009 l. T st ws
t imtt wlt t wt i c tibuti
t tims m t wl tl.
It is imtt w lki t t umbs wl tl, wi ilu -
uts lik i is, tt c sts oti t wls lst mu-
tus slutis t i imi. I iti, it is imtt t t tt tis
is t just bus Vsts. I t, 87 t t ttl vu m t dis wi
iust tks l i t tl t Jutl m c1.
It is imtt t stss tt t 2010 t is t t vilbl t it lvl. It is, wv,
vilbl t t til lvl, wil t ssi imt t tuv t
st i dmk, t st still utms t vll dis busiss st -
i t t stu clt wit t custm i Fus T gl e dis
em2
1 Monday Morning, Aarus Capital of Wind Energy, 2010.
2 Brndum & Fliess, Cleantec wit te C ustomer in Focus Te Golden Egg of Danis Economy, 2011.
Green
Technology
Welare
Technology
Manufacturing ICT
Turnover 2009
Capital Region
52.385
15.590
113.613
81.966
Fig A The green sector contributes three times more than welare technology sector
(in million DKK)
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Fig C
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
200920082007200620052004
ManufacturingWelfare TechnologyGreen Technology ITC
Turnover
2004
2005
2006 2007
2008 2009
Green
Tecnology
100
127
119
128
162 155
Welfare
Tecnology
100
112
129
145
139 135
Manu-
facturing
100
108
115
111
115 108
ICT
100
105
108
129
135 130
Fig B Growth in turnover in the Capital Region
Note: 2004 is reference year
Note: 2004 is reference year
The green turnover increases by 55 percent in fve years outperorming ICT,
manuacturing and welare technology
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The astest growing export sector
Simultusl, t st xi xlsiv wt i xts. a 77 t
is i xts m t itl i m 2004 t 2009 ul wt
ts u 12 t.
rltiv umbs b tik. gi m 1 t 2 is t wt t. hwv, t
wt t t st is t u t stti lvls. I bslut umbs, t
st tibuts vil t xts. I t itl i, t st xts
u dKK 18 billi m t dKK 7 billi dKK 9 billi i xts t
b t wl tl IcT st stivl. at t sm tim ts sts
utumb b t mutui st, wi xts dKK 77 milli ull. T
umbs 2010 v t b ls t t it lvl.
cm t vtil st su s mutui, t wt xts is
sti. But v wl tl l must 31 t wt i xts m
2004-2009 IcT xi tiv wt v tt i. Ts sts usull
si wt iustis.
Fig D The green sector contributes heavily to exports rom the capital region
Green
Technology
Welare
Technology
Manuacturing ICT
Exports
Capital Region
18.571
7.049
77.508
9.322
ExportsCapital Region
2004
2005
2006 2007
2008 2009
Green
Tecnology
100
103
146
162
186 177
Welfare
Tecnology
100
131
137
131
139 131
Manu-
facturing
100
114
105
105
101 88
ICT
100
106
109
125
108 95
Fig E
Green exports grow by 12 percent on average rom 2004-2009,
while other sectors experience negative growth
Note: 2004 is reference year
(in million DKK)
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Fig F
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200920082007200620052004
ManufacturingWelfare TechnologyGreen Technology ITC
hwv, t t til lvl, m t t is vilbl. cl-t s b t stst-
wi st i dis xts s xts xt t is v ut
i t mi s. hwv, 2010 i sult i ll i xts wil ts xts
is t t til lvl. Lki v t 2000-2010 i, t ttl til
xts w b 98 t wil ll t xts l w b 28 t. Futm,
xt stituts 9.5 t ttl dis xts, t ist
ti i t eU.
T wt t xts m t st i t itl i s
77 t v i v s.
Note: 2004 is reference year
Growth in exports in the Capital Region
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When baby-boomers wrinle: The green solution to a grey challenge
I iti t t ut umlmt lvls, t tmi timt bb bm-
s ss sius tt t mst wst mis t l bus is
sis mil xss. as m l xit t lb mkt t t it, w
s s will tibut t gdp. Fw txs t sut wikli bms
t blitis t m wl stt will b llt - ulss ts mii
bl t u m. I t mi s, utivit will b vitl. Wt vlu is
iiviul bl t u?
I tis st, wt is sluti t wt. T st c
vs t b il utiv st. putivit ml is 44 t i t
v i t itl i. T wl st vs w mis bst
bl t t vlu ml.
T, wl tl is still m utiv t t sts ts dKK
714.375 wt vlu ull tim ml. hwv, utivit i t s-
t s w b 45 t v v s utms wt i t sts. T
wt ts u tims t wt i t v m. F ut mis, t
ul wt i dis utivit v t st 20 s s b u 1.1 t.
al wit wl tl, t st is i siitl t vll wt i
t i, bt sts k imt t utis su s dmk w
lb is isil bmi s su.
Productivity in the green sector grows by 45 percent over fve years
ProductivityCapital Region
2004
2005
2006 2007
2008 2009
Green
Tecnology
100
111
126
138
136 145
Welfare
Tecnology
100
111
120
129
127 125
Manu-
facturing
100
117
108
111
117 114
Average -
Capitol Region
of Denmark
100
104
105
106
108 100
Fig H
Note: 2004 is reference year
Green
Technology
Welare
Technology
Manuacturing
Capitol Region
o Denmar
Labour productivity
Capital Region
709.312
714.375
509.255
493.982
Fig G
The green sector proves to be a highly productive sector 44 pct. more
productive than the capital region on average
(in DKK per Full-time employee)
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100
110
120
130
140
150
200920082007200620052004
ManufacturingWelfare TechnologyGreen Technology Average for
Capital Region
of Denmark
Teething tigers
T st i c s v t b ll ti m. But w i tti w st mtitiv? hw mu its suss b subsib t c-
vi mbitis? Ll m slutis t msti mkt
but s ll m vi xts?
exts b iti iv b ittil m. T mti is i xts
is t b lbl m sustibl slutis s l t ivstmts v l-
si 2004. glbl ivstmt i slutis su t $243 billi lst
i t Blmb nw e Fi. T umb is u 30 t m lst
vs tlis ilui wi, sl, i, smt i, bi-uls,
b tu st. Ll m m, wv, vi uti
wi mis vl. Fw mis b lbl sm suviv tui bus ll m.
Vsts Wi Sstms liv t st wi tubis i 1979 w t s il iss
stuk dmk t t tim mltl t imt ssil uls
ws lki lttiv slutis. It is ubtul tis smlltim ii
busiss wul v bm t lbl i-t mkt-li m, mli
ts tuss l, witut ll m its uts.
T wi iust t l s ls b iv w b visi jts ivst-
mts tt v sl siz t t iust. F ist, t dis wi i,
t m dong e, built t wls st s wi m i 1991
s built mst dmks s wi ms.
T, m t 350 mis i dmk u tubis, bls, ts,
bxs tl sstms. M t 25,000 ds ml i t dis wi
Note: 2004 is reference year
Productivity
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iust, wi us m t l t wls wi tubis mki t dis
wi tubi iust t lbl l wit mbi tuv dKK 91.4 billi i
2009.
I, dmk us u 20 t its ltiit tu wi. Tis s t
l sult i sussul wi iust is i m ssil
uls, but t ut s ls i lt xi i li wit fututi
sus mki it il smt i ximtti istllti.
T t xtt, t st bi t suss t dis wi iust b u i
its l s. dmks bi wi w us is w t ls llbti btw ub-
li utitis, s istitutis, t busiss wl, t l ubli. Fu ts
i tiul vi t itis dmks xlit:
A BOLD VISION: Fm t bii, t wi tubi iusts vlmt s
b iv b l visi t mk dmk sl-suit.
POLITICAL SUPPORT: It tk l tim t vl utii tbl
wi tubi tl. But t dis wi iust ws sut b st
litil bli i t jt ui t ti vlmt s.
PROLIFIC INNOVATION:ri t tl tu w tiki iv-
ti. rit m t bii, t tl ws vl i smll lusts ss
st ssil buis.
TIMING: dmk tk itst i wi b it ws tbl. I t
1970s 80s, t wi tubi iusts vlmt ws sut b ts
sms.
T suss st is t uiqu t dmk. Svl utis v built st msti
iustis siti tmslvs t itliz t i wt i lbl m b ui wbl tlis.
gm subsiiz iustil t tvlti (pV) istllti bii i 1991
s vi 20- -i ti si 1990. T u tti, m 1995
-2004, t vmt vi ls pV istllti. T mbi sult ts
liis m gm t t mkt sl istlltis i t wl.
dui t st il iss i t 1970s, J s dmk ws mltl t
imt . T, sl- w ltiit i J is st-mtitiv wit
ltiit u m l. T sl-iust is w subsi- Js
mutus st substtil s t lbl sl pV mkt.
W w mv t b stiv t islt ss.
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Just utsi t ss c, t it is ui m w . 20 tu-bis, wi dong e ws l Milu Wi Tubi ctiv
w lls ul bu ss w t t l. e s sts t uti
1000 kW ws sl dKK 4250 $ 809 t 8650 mmbs t ll
mmuit isi ubli sut t jt. T it c m
t ut t sl its st sussul wi m vu s w b l
bk it it jts.
Wi ms t just smll ll ivsts. g istutu is bmi
tttiv sst i lw x im tus vltil quit mkts. F
sis us wi ms v v li isk-tu l.
T, tw si us i dmk ivsti m t $1 billi i t mjs wi m t alt i dmk. T dis gvmt s ut x
Welcome in my backyard and investment portfolio
Today, America produces less than 3 percent o our electricity
through renewable sources lie wind and solar. Meanwhile, Denmar
produces almost 20 percent o their electricity through wind...
PRESIDENT BARACk OBAMA,2009
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is ltiit m t m t st 12 s. ot utis simil ls
sui stbl libl tus mki ivstmt ms . T v -
ul tus m alt xt t b t lst ubl ut dis b ils
just bv 3 t v t wi ms 20- lis.
Wi ms t l u m w vimtll il , t mk
tizi ivstmt tuit smll tim svs si us vi
vlubl xtis xi.
al, t m dong e, qut i dmk but t
li us i nt eu, s built m wi ms t t m-
i t wl. ov 20 s xi s wi m vlmt mks t
m t ut mkt l i s wi w.
I iti, i t mi , tuss s wi tubis t b istlli t nt S, ti jbs li, buili mitii t wimill ms.
R
IShI@hAPPy
LIvING.D
k
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35 percent of all trips to wor or education in te city of Copenagen were made by bie in 2010
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The consequences
of copenhagenizationBenefts include:
Improved health and quality o lie
Total avoided cost is estimated to $43 million
Increased tourism and job generation
a stut lt lss ls t ull s, busissm wm i suits i t wk,
us ils i stiltts i ut mtt w t i cs
b bik. F t mjit, it is t tst i - siml bus it is s. It ts u
m a t B. Quikl.
I c, ub ls v b sii t it t mk li
ssibl t v si it t mk li t m. T, ub ls m
u t wl v m t t dis itl t lk ws t t l ut s
t biks, t kw s izti. But wt t squs
izti, b t bvius vimtl s m u b
missis i lluti i t it?
Fewer trafc jams
Fists ll, li vis s, st lw st tst lttiv. 93 t
c is v , stist t l i. Tis s lu tuss
tuss t biks ist it s. I 2010, 35 t ll tis t wk uti i t it c w m b bik. F l wki and livi
i c, t umbs v i 50 t us ti bik.3 T sult tis
s b sibl uti i t sti.
Still, stimt 100,000 us lst i t citl ri a u t sti.
e .
T sit m s t biks s sv t it c tim m. T it
c s xmi t ts tvlli b bik . Lki t t ttl st
i lluti, its, sti, is w t istutu w
tvlli b bik - biks m ut t. F v kilmt tvl b bik
ist , t it tull svs dKK 0.45.4
3 City of Copenagen, City of Cyclists Bicycle account, 2010
4 COWI and City of Copenagen, Samfundsonomise analyse af cyeltiltag, 2009
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Reduced external cost per ilometer
conducted by bie instead o car,
in Dkk 2008 prices.
Air Pollution0,02
Climate change0,03
Noise0,1
Accidents0,1
Inrastructure wear 0,01
Congestion
0,2
Total saved costs 0,45
Fig J Reduced external cost
Estimated avoided external costs (in US $) o the shit rom vehicle to bicycleFig K
0
5.000.000
10.000.000
15.000.000
20.000.000
Conges
tion
infrastru
cturew
are
Acciden
tsNoi
se
Climate
Change
Airpollu
tion
Wit 1.2 milli kilmts l , tis s u. T sv st m lss s-
ti l is stimt t $19 milli. But lss t sti is t t l mi
bt li. T istutu is ls lss bst b us. Fw its ls
l it t ttl vi xtl sts $43 milli.
Data from City of Copenagen accumulated 1995-2010.
19.122.407
956.120
9.516.2039.516.204
2.868.3611.912.240
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Quality o lie
I 2008, t listl mzi Ml lt c s t wls
mst livbl it, iti t its bik ultu s t ss. I iti, it is
ii tt m t itis mti i t t 25 mst livbl itis i t wl,
mst tm ls m t mst bikbl itis. Bsis c, itis su s
Bli, Vi Stklm ll it tis t.
citis su s ts usi mki l t s. T
m b t it tk. I suv w cs w sk, Wi t
llwi tis u ull xi w u tvl b /bus/ti/bil?
58 t lists sw jmt. I mis, l i s buss
xi 34 17 t jmt stivl. Mi u, t w slt b
t s wt c s t tims. W it m t xii stss wil
tvlli, t umbs w vs. Wil u 20 t mtists bus
sss xi stss, tis ws l t s 12 t l biks.5
I iti, it is t just t list w bts m li. pstis i t it
ls lss likl t t kill i t its j it wit lt lss is
lluti u t t li ultu.
I Bie Copenhagen - Increased tourism
ri uibk but c, u wt t b t st b biks
mti. I iti, um s it tt t mst t i i c
is t t littl mmi k but c bik. Biks imv t
ub tms. 67 t ll itizs tik tt cs bil ultu s
it sitiv v sitiv imt t its ub li tms.
F c t bik b is tuism tsu t I Bik c t-sit
is stil bmi s ii s t I t ny t-sit ss t atlti. a stimt23 t. ll tuists w s dmk s ti stiti s bus t bil
tuitis. Tim Mzi ls t c s t wls t mst tttiv
tuist ttti i 2010 tl u t xllt li itis T elist ll
c eus lst it t visit. T glbl g em Ix ls
u c t t t list, w l w sk wi it t mst
ssit wit sustibilit lsi.
hwv, wul s tis m b c, it is ubtul tt tis sst is ts-
bl t t itis. as t izti itis lts li bms
itt t ub tstti u t wl, lists will bm lss
vlt.
5 Road Directorate, Collecation of Cycle Concepts, 2000.
Copenhagens positionon Monocles Top 25 Most
Liveable Cities list
2011: #3
2010: #2
2009: #2
2008: #1
2007: #2
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Sm l mit b i t t ut t u-wl is t tw wls. But
v mj list sult i c, lists v bik 4.4 milli kilmts
t quivlt 110 tims u t wl.
I t, t Bitis Mil assiti s u tt t is li xt i
m xis vi li utwis t isk iu m its b t 20.
Hal an hour cycling daily increases your mean lie expectancy by 1-2 years. Cycling has apreventive eect on e.g. cardiovascular diseases, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, colon cancer,
osteoporosis and depression. Motorists who switch to the bicycle can thus expect to live longer!6
at stu sws tt ults w l t m ti wkl il bsis
v 30 t u mtlit t.
Bsis ts itivs, t lt bts li ls ilu w sik s, w
mil xss ttmts. Tlli u, t ttl lt bt cs
li is 5.5 dKK kilmt mki t bt ttl dKK 2 bill
$ 380 milli.7
Bie pushers
ai t t Bil aut 2010, issu b t cit c: T 309
busisss slli ii bils ist i t itl i, ilui 267
bil ss, 22 wlsl bil ls 20 ms tt si sll bils. Ts
ms t 650 ull tim jbs ttl stimt ul tuv dKK 1.3 billi.
a t tis t ms su s bil tl ms, ibs, bik msss ms
ws mls l ui wki us su s stm, li m uis.
Fill, isi umb ms usi st bils us t jb.
cli istutu ivstmts t bsis c li t s ttc itizs busisss j ll t bts ub li. cmmuts
sv tim, bik msss, mbil bils, pst dmk, m ts sv
sts tb mki it ssibl t iv ti ustms btt ut, mls
t t m xtl mtis witut vi t w but t.
6 Road Directorate, Collecation of Cycle Concepts, 2000.
7 City of Copenagen, City of Cyclists Bicycle account, 201010
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30 minutes of cycling eac day increases your mean life expectancy by 1-2 years
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Since te arbor as been cleaned te alue of real estate next to te arbor as increased by 57 percent, wile
apartments in the same area of town but further from the harbor only increased by 12 percent
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From health hazard
to urban oasis
Benefts include:
Revitalization o the local business lie
Increased value o real estate
Increased quality o lie and tourism
15 s , ls t 100 vfw ls wst wt it t b c
tui t b wt it ti but wul.
T t b is t tist sts i c. I t summ si
mts, Isls B is bustli wit BBQ tis, uls stlli l t i,
busissm wm vi swim t wk xm tmt stuts ti
wil mmi i t t t dis citl.
T s t muiil sttis ivstmt i li u t b m i
vit ms.
From quality o lie to cash?
Visiti t ubli bt i t b, t lik btw imv wt qulit qulit
li is s t s. But wt but t lik btw wt? Lki t t ll
lvl w vi tt sut su lik.
T b is ub sis tt mks cs siti s l livbl it.I t s t s b is wss i t livbilit itis. plimks
lki t ws t bst busiss i ti itis xli t ltisi btw
livbilit mi wt. o t ss tis is tt livbilit is mj t
w ittil mis si w itis t st u busiss i.8
hwv, sit its imt, qulit li b iult t msu. nvtlss,
t listl mzi Ml s s t st w s Tl Bl, eit-
i-i t Ml, xlis w: Copenhagen took frst prize in the global quality o lie
survey 2009 or a number o reasons. In monocle we looked at the core actors that make a great
city when it comes to livability. Transport, education, security. In all o those areas the city did
really well. I think what really did it or us, when we looked at the city, was that there was a lot
8 Entrepreneur, how to relocate your business - www.entrepreneur.com/article/81406-2
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cleaned up. You can actually go swimming.
Bus is qulit li l livi ls t t vitliz b tis s
tmus t t vlu l stt. pt i it ti wit t
b s xi iss bv t ut m t b.
Futm, u t its siti s t tist sts busist - i c-
, ll busiss li i t svi st s s. T xt t t b
bt is w k wit Itli i m ls, wi bs, ts bs, susi stuts
l si bs svii t isti s.
Lki t t ll t ut s, bs stuts, i t b l 10 tm
xist b 2002 b t i t ubli b bt is 300 -
t. I iti, it is imtt t ti tt t vlmt s ls tk l i t
st 2008 s limt.
Fig L
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2011201020092008200720062005200420032002
Tis vitlizti ll busiss li s is t umb jbs vu
t i t . I iti, bus is qulit li, m milis w
wul twis mv t t sububs st i t it tibut t mi wt.
T si t st i t it tiull t b bt is ft i t vlu
l stt. T s bm isil ul isil xsiv
i t stu ut b daMVad. Fm 2002 t 2011 t is tmts
ls t t b is b 57 t wil tmts i t sm tw but
ut m t b l is b 12 t. I iti, t stu sws tt t
i squ mt xt t t b is 42 t i t l stt i t smt tw but t xt t t b.
Cas near the harbor
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7 DAMvAD, vst gennem grnne lsninger i kbenan, 22 juni 2011.
Tis vi suts t b viw ub sis su s t b bt - wi
v b mi. Ub sis v l b iz s mj tibuts t t
sil stti qulit ub ibs. hwv, t mi imt s
t b iz t t sm . Ftutl, istitutis su s T Ub Isti-
tut T Wll Futi v vt tis viw i t stu B rti.
T ubliti uss t vi ub sis s tibuts t .. jb
tuitis s tt Parks value to neighborhood quality is confrmed by studies
that fnd a statistically signifcant link between property values and proximity to green space,
including neighborhood parks and urban orested areas. T vi m c
suts tis viw tt w must lk b t vimtl bts i t
ust t ull vlu i u itis.
Quality of life difcult to measure easy to recognize
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The public outdoor swimming
acility was established in 2002
seven years earlier the water
in the harbor posed a serious
health ris.
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After installing individual meters in apar tments water usage fell by 26 percent
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Blue gold. Clearance sale.
Save 84 $ million.
Benefts include:
Water savings o 12.409.935.974 liters per year
A reduction in water consumption o 26 percent
Savings constitute $84 million annually
T wl is il sumi t mst imtt sus t lt wt.
glbl wt us s til v t lst 50 s m is isi wlwi;
wit t sts i 9 milli l i 2050 t iustil, iiviul
sill t wt ms iultul uss is xt t slt mtill.
B 2050 w 80 t is i wt sulis ul t uslvs utti
v m ssu wt sus.
T Wl Bk ts tt 80 utis w v wt sts wit m t 2.8
billi l livi i s i wt stss. T isi ubizti is utti
ssu it svis itis u t wl i wt bkut. I
ami l, itis su s atlt, hust Ls als i sv wt
sts, i t t ntil rsus ds cuil.
Sv ut i itis is t just um blm it is busiss blm. T m-
titi wt ul mk li i sm t wls lst itis l ubbl, s
wll s uutiv. Svl iustis l ss t wt .. iultu. T, 70
t lbl wt is us uti. a isiv t t wi wtisis is su mmt. Mki t lst s lst is wt uts. Tis is it
i c. T it is i lk wt sus i ls ximit t t it.
T, mbiti slutis s b li.
o t slutis is t istllti iiviul wt mts. pviusl, sits i
builis i x s lltiv wt bill t buili ist ti
tul iiviul sumti.
at iiviul mts w istll, t sumti ll mkbl. ov t llwi
six s, t sumti ll b 26 t v. esill i t tmts wit
t ist us w t uti ws sibl: 40 t sv it .
T iiviul wt mts w istll i t t wt us i c
but ls i misms, wss mis sis t slutis w
li.
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Reduction ater 6 years
in percentage
>12013,38
120-14017,61
140-15025,75
160-18033,65
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Liquid facts
Aerage water use per capita per day aries from about 450 liters in USA and
Canadian C40 cities to just oer 100 litres in African C40 cities.
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Additional roads means additional cars
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Maing cars happy. Or people?
Integrated public transportation
Benefts include:
Convenient and efcient transport
A reduction in congestions and lost hours. The hours due to trafc congestions
currently constitute DKK 5.7 billion per year or the Capital Region
1000 itil s ll t t stts dli. e . But tt is just i t
vils xt t it it ss i t mi . ai t t
Ittil assiti publi Tst, t umb vils xt
t ubl m just v 1 billi i 2010 t 2 billi i 2020. n w tt tst
is t st w lbl us s missis isi mst quikl.
T si umbs s i itis v but mvmt t lt. T -sti s s t b us u m. I wl w tim is m, sitti
ustt i quu s is stl. I Ls als l, t i t sti is
m t 485 milli wki us .
T Mti psit Istitut, b ub uu ri Fli s lult tt
every minute shaved o Americas commuting time is worth $19.5 billion in value added to
the economy.10
o t ss tis is tt t st tu w v b buili itis tt
mk s .
c s ls b stuli wit is t sti. almst 100,000us lst i t itl i. hwv, tis umb wul v b
substtill i i it t b t itt tst sstm t it.
A2B-ism
T u wm tks st t ti stts i ts . F t xt
i miuts s s tim t t t lis, k mil wt t s s
t ti tks m hllu, wll- subub c, t t t tw.
aivi i c, t u wm ts bus b t ti stti. T ivs s s sws im t tikt m t ti llwi t us ll t tis, buss
10 Ricard Florida, Te Great Reset, 2010.
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34 mts t xt u. a w t l t t bus; sm tm bi ti
biks, s t i t mt t ti. T bus ulls it t - t it t
st ls but it sit bus l llwi t bus t ss t s quui
u sit t lit. Fiv miuts lt s ivs t stiti, st t s
ul v s tk . nt lulti t tim st lki ki.
Tst is ms t t l i itsl. gtti m a t B is wt uts.
Wv b tti it w. Its t but t stiti or t ju. It is but w
l t ju tks.
Its the economy, stupid.
aitil s sul t b t ult sw t sti. aitil s bi
itil s li t m sti.
du t t itt ubli tstti sstm c, tuss l
lv ti s t m bus it is t stst mst vit w tm. Tis
svs s m ks t s lss st. Bus tis, billis sv.
T bts itt ubli tst i c sibl. ev ,
busissm wm, litiis, stuts t st c sv vlubl
tim b usi t mt, ti buss kitti t it tt. Witut tis itt
sstm mu m t 100,000 us wul b lst . T us lst stitut vlu 5.7 billi dKK t citl ri t quivlt $ 1 billi. T
st wul b sibl i i it t b t itt tst sstm
t it.
Istutu is t l but tstti. Istutu is but t m.
cmtitiv itis su tt l s mv u itl.
The most efcient and productive regions are those in
which people are thining and woring not sitting in trafc
RICHARD FLORIDA, THE GREAT RESET
Fig O
Morning rush hour
(Busiest hour o the day)
Daily level Lost ull-time
equivalents per day
City o Copenhagen 4.006 38.234 20
Capital Region 10.787 96.634 50
Lost hours due to congestion
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Do we want move people or cars from A to B?
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98 percent of all ouses and apartments in Copenagen are eated by district eating,
partly based on incinerated waste
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Waste
Not
Benefts include:
Fewer landflls as only 1,8 percent o the waste is sent to landflls
compared to over 40 percent in 1988
Incinerated waste produces energy or the district heating system
warming 98 percent o houses and apartments in Copenhagen
Less negative impact on local real estate
c us m t 800.000 ts wst . F mis, t
wls lst tisi, t 398 mt l emm Msk, wis u 150.000
ts. Ftutl, ist li t quivlt v tisis wst t
llls ull, c is mki t mst wst.
F t st svl s t it s b ui t wst u us wt
ws u s su. c is t l usi llls s l
sluti t wst blms. I 2009, l 1.8 t t wst u ws s t
llls m t v 40 t i 1988.
Ist, t wst is l iit i mbi t w lts. T ii-
t wst ts w t tuss usls mks us t
vlubl ti witi t its ts. I t, 98 t uss t-
mts i c t b t istit ti sstm, w 50 t t
Gwh Pct
Waste recyclable materials 1.693 39
Waste non-recyclable materials 434 10
Wood pellets 477 11
Straw 217 5
Coal 998 23
Oil and diesel 260 6
Natural gas 304 7
Total 4.340 101
Fig P Combined heat and power Fuel sources or district heating
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Not In My Bacyard
T lst vit ib t lt l is llls. nt l t s
k t ls vstti t l stt vlu. Svl stuis v xmi tist. T mst tu is A study to Estimate the Disamenity Costs o Landfll in Great
Britain b F & rul ais dtmt evimt, i gt Biti.
T stu lus t suisil tt t tis lsst t t lll ls t
mst vlu. o v, t i l stt witi 400 mts llls is ut b $
1.100. as c is l usi llls s sluti, w mws v
t b t st smll sit llls.
I iti, t iiti sluti ts t bt stl ui t isk
lt zs u t llls, wil ls vii t st vi t iss wst.
dmk s txs wst issl iiti. I iti, sts xist b
txti wt t ts is stkil bu.
T ttl st issi t wst is $ 14 m xsiv t iiti it.
Wit 800,000 ts wst u v i c, tis s u. Mv,
t lulti s t tk t vlu t u m iiti t wst
it ut.
Waste is better utilised through incineration than through
landflls but recycling is an even better option. O course,
the best option is prevention o waste production altogether,which oten requires direct reuse. The less waste, the better
its as simple as that.
CITY OF COPENHAGEN, COPENHAGEN WASTE SOLUTION, 2008
stms m wst. Tis is t l it vimtl bt s t lttiv
t bui wst wul b t bu ssil uls it ls ls vit simi
bts.
11 C40 and Arup, Climate Action in Megacities, 2011
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Hot town
summer in the city
Benefts include:
A reduction in energy consumption by 80 percent
Improvement in health and quality o lie
Preserving the architectural impression
dsit its t ltitu, c it tmtus s i s 35 s
clsius ui summ. Istlli i iti uits t ult sluti sm.
I t k l, l willi t swllw t lti bill i itii
uits ls ti s w ssi builis lst wit ac uits.
hwv, t is it sluti t t blm tt s t ui t it-
tul imssi butiul itis, us ltiit bills b 80 t, imvs lt qulit li, uts lss sti t vimt. I svl builis i t l
t c, istit li sstms v b istll.
distit li is sstm w ill wt is u tl b l wt m t
s istibut vi isult ilis uu t l mmil ius-
til builis i tl c.
T istit li sstm vis vimtl bts co2 utis ut b 70
t m t titil li mts. du t t istit li sstm sm
t butiul builis i t l t tw s w v t ts ist
2-3 ts istlltis ws titil li sstms wul m lmst ll
t s ts. Sustibl li vs m jbl t vtil li.
Imv qulit li is ls su s i itii is is m t istit
li sstms. aitill, istit li mvs m t lt isks ssit
wit li tws .. liis iss.
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