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Crimes of the Soviet Totalitarian regime in Lithuania
According to researches of the International Commission
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The ethnic structure of Lithuania before the first Soviet Occupation
Out of 3.14 million inhabitants:
• 2.3 million Lithuanians (74.6 %)• 330.000 Poles (10.5 %)• 210.000 Jews (6.7 %)• 130.000 Germans (4.1 %)• 24.000 Russians (2.5 %)• Over 50.000 other nationalities (1.6 %)
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The tragedy of Lithuania began in August 1939, when Hitler and Stalin
signed a cynical agreement dividing up European
territories between two totalitarian states
(the USSR and Germany).In June 1940 the Soviet Union
annexed Lithuania in accordance
with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
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The final discussion on the plans for Lithuania’s military occupation took place on
11 June 1940.
• 14th of June 1940 – the ultimatum;
• 15th of June, the Soviet Union occupied Lithuania;
• On 3 August 1940 unlawful elections to the so – called People’s Parliament (Seimas)
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Lithuania’s map of event in 14th of June, 1940
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Economic Annexation of Lithuania
• Lithuania was made a “Soviet republic” – it was started to eradicate private ownership.
• The Soviet nationalization was carried out by way of confiscation (the owners didn’t receive any payment).
• The introduction of the rouble was the process of economic anexation (it was exchanged at a rate 1 litas - 90 kopecks, the real value of the litas was by 3 – 4 times higher).
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Illegal imprisonment and detentions in 1940 - 1941
• Political repression was planned for groups of people on the basis of their social background and professional and political activities.
• 2785 people were imprisoned the first wave of political repression in 1940.
• Political prisoners in Lithuania were all ethnic groups: 58.1% - Lithuanians, 25.2 %- Poles, 5.1% - Jews, 4.0% - Russians.
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The imprisonment until Great deportation of June, 1941
• 6 606 people were arrested after being accused of political crimes.
• Death penalty was applied against 618 residents of Lithuania and 568 citizens of Lithuania were executed.
• Nearly 40 former ministers suffered from repressive measures.
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Politicians, statesmen and public figures were subject to repressions as “socially dangerous
elements” Mr. Aleksandras
Stulginskis, the former President of Lithuania in 1922 – 1926.
He was imprisonment in 1941. The USSR NKVD send A.Stulginskis to the prison in Vladimir.
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The mass deportations to Siberia started on June 14, 1941 and lasted one week
The deportation applied about 17.500 people. 72.7% Lithuanians, 13.5% – Jews, 10.4%- Poles
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After a period of German
occupation Red Army for the second time
occupied Lithuania. Lithuanian
partisans started armed Anti-
Soviet resistance. It took place in
Lithuania during
1944-1953
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About 20.000 people were killed during the armed resistance. The vast majority of them were 16 - 21 years old.
The part of partisans was sent to Siberia, to work camps for
25 years...
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Soviets renewed the deportations to Siberia at the same time as the partisan war started in Lithuania. The greatest extent of
deportations took place in 1948-1952. The most popular accusation – the violation of 58 article of the
Criminal Code. It means that a person was involved in Anti -Soviet activities.
These people were deported for 15-25 years
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The majority of people were sent to Krasnoyarsk Krai, Kazakhstan and the North part of Soviet Union
(Siberia) Lithuania lost 280 000 people during the 1944-
1953 period. More than half of them dead in Siberia
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When Stalin died the mass deportations were over But Lithuania was forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union. It became a Soviet republic, which
had to obey Moscow orders.
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Lithuania has regained the independence in 1990.
Lithuania is a member of European Union from 2004; it is also a member of the other
international organizations.
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www.komisija.lt