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Cultural Considerations for BPM 1
Cultural Considerationsfor BPM and other Methodologies
Hany AtchanPh.D., PMP
November 29th, 201111/29/2011
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 2
What is Culture• Organizational culture is “the pattern of shared basic assumptions -
invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration - that has worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”.
– Schein, E. (1985). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco, CA, Jossey Bass.
• It is the set of values, symbols, interpretations, beliefs, and perspectives that distinguish one group of people from another in modernized societies; it is not material objects and other tangible aspects of human societies.
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 3
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Values, perspectives, beliefs, and symbols
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Thinking/behavioral patterns & strategies
Formed by responding and adapting
They worked and are considered valid
Taught & reinforced
What is Culture
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 411/29/2011
• Uniqueness• Learning• Unlearning• Re-learning• Folklore and history • Founders impact• Differences among
cultures• Macro vs. Micro
cultures
How Do Cultures Form?
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What Motivates People
Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow, d. 1970
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 6
Distancefrom Power
Individualism vs. collectivism
Masculinity vs. femininity
Uncertainty avoidance
Short-term vs. long-term
orientation
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Geert Hofstede’s
5-D Cultural Model
http://www.geert-hofstede.com
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 7
Distancefrom Power
Individualism vs. collectivism
Masculinity vs. femininity
Uncertainty avoidance
Short-term vs. long-term
orientation
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Geert Hofstede’s
5-D Cultural Model
Group cohesiveness, in-group membership, and unquestioning loyalty in exchange for protection.
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 8
Distancefrom Power
Individualism vs. collectivism
Masculinity vs. femininity
Uncertainty avoidance
Short-term vs. long-term
orientation
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Geert Hofstede’s
5-D Cultural ModelAccept inequality (from
below) in power distribution; Acceptance of inequality translates into desire for
control in one’s personal life
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 9
Distancefrom Power
Individualism vs. collectivism
Masculinity vs. femininity
Uncertainty avoidance
Short-term vs. long-term
orientation
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Geert Hofstede’s
5-D Cultural Model
Feminine cultures tend to be more submissive. Masculine cultures are assertive and driven.
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 10
Distancefrom Power
Individualism vs. collectivism
Masculinity vs. femininity
Uncertainty avoidance
Short-term vs. long-term
orientation
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Geert Hofstede’s
5-D Cultural Model
Degree of comfort in unstructured situations.
Risk-averse, does not accept change, and
thrives on repeatability.
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 11
Distancefrom Power
Individualism vs. collectivism
Masculinity vs. femininity
Uncertainty avoidance
Short-term vs. long-term
orientation
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Geert Hofstede’s
5-D Cultural ModelRespect for truth and
perseverance vs. tradition, social obligation, and “face-saving”. (China, Taiwan, & Japan have largest LT score)
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 1211/29/2011
Comparing Macro
Cultures
http://www.geert-hofstede.com
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 13
Characteristicsof Cultural Groups
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• Motivated by external forces• Believes in collective effort• Disciplined in following
Central C&C as long as perception of fairness
• Democracy works for a time
• BPM-like methodologies most effective
• Unquestioned obedience to Central C&C
• Pride in group achievement• Democracy is wrong
• Willing to live with inconsistencies
• Fairness is relative• Very sensitive to distance
from power• Democracy is a must!
• Very few standards and guidelines are acceptable
• High Cohesiveness/Social influence
• Democracy may be used to control them but very risky!
Individualistic Collectivist
Rebellious
Conforming
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 14
What is BPM? • A process of managing your business processes
• A management discipline.• A technology or set of
technologies• A rapid application
development framework• BPM vs. BPI vs. BAP
It Depends whom you ask!
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What isBPM?
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 16
What is BPM?ABPMP: An ongoing organizational commitment to meeting the organization’s performance goals by managing its processes. It involves a continuous, feedback loop to ensure the organization’s business processes are aligned to its strategy and performing to expectations.
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Business Process
Management
• Communication• Sequencing• Repeatability/Consistency• Enabling Change&
Transformation• BPM is primarily “sold” as a
catalyst for Organizational Improvements, with the specific goals of increasing efficiency and profitability.
Main Purposes
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 18
Discrete Task Definition
Background and Assumptions
• Scientific management• Efficiency movement (Fredrick
Taylor, d. 1915)• Automation of tasks• Cultural Assumptions
– Ability to select from a large pool of workers
– Trainable workforce– Availability of HR remedies– Workers are not motivated by internal
factors and therefore management needs to use external motivators (the carrot & the Stick)
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 19
Methodologies such as BPM are:
Cultures (especially in service organizations):
Logical People-driven
Sequential Emotional
Efficiency-driven (mechanistic) Experiential, Historical
Assuming! Evolving
Left-brained Right-brained
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The Big Gap!
It’s amazing that methodologies like BPM work at all!
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 2011/29/2011
How to Plant
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 21
Processes and MethodologiesAssess Readiness to Accept Consider Organizational Maturity
Develop a unifying Purpose
Individual Values Emotion-driven Decisions
Can You Change a Culture?
Understand the folklore Challenge carefully
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 2211/29/2011
No Methodology is culture-neutral!
Know your culture or your methodology will be stuck in neutral!
Conclusion
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Cultural Considerations for BPM 2311/29/2011
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