Download - Diabetes Presentation
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Type I Diabetes and Kidney
Disease
Robyn Eady
Eng/215
Strayer University
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Overview
o Research Proposal to compare Type 1 Diabetes and Chronic
Kidney Disease with Long-Term complications. What do they
have in common? Can it be reversed?
o What is Diabetes
o What is Chronic Kidney Disease
o Literature Review
o Review some of the facts and information about Diabetes
and its development of type 1
o Chronic Kidney Disease and Diet
o Hypothesis
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Overview Cont.
o Method
o Participants
o Materials
o Procedures
o References
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What is Diabetes?Diabetes is a disease in which the blood glucose levels
are above normal this happens when most of the food he
or she eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies
to use for energy.
The pancreas, is an organ that lies near the stomach, and
makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into
the cells of our bodies. When a person has diabetes, the
body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use its
own insulin as well as it should. This will cause sugar to
build up in your blood.
Diabetes can cause serious health complications including
heart disease, blindness, kidney failure and lower
extremity amputations.
www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumer/learn/htm 4
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Literature Review
o Development of Type 1 Diabetes
o Types of Diabetes
o Type 1
o Type 2
o Gestational Diabetes
o Growing Epidemics
o Symptoms of Diabetes
o Treatment with Insulin and Medication
o Long-Term Complications
o Diabetes: Harm the Kidneys
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Development of Type I Diabetes
http://emedicine.medsacpe.com6
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Types of Diabetes Type 1 – Insulin dependent, persons with Type 1 must have
insulin delivered by injections or pump.
Type 2 – Non-Insulin dependent or adult-onset diabetes.
Associated with older age
Obesity
Family history of diabetes
History of gestational diabetes, physical inactivity
Race/ethnicity
o (African American and Native Hawaiian, and other
Pacific Islanders are higher risk for Type 2 diabetes
and complications.
Gestational – occurs in women who are pregnant, late stage.
www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/general07.htm 7
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Diabetes: Growing Epidemic Did you know these facts about diabetes?
Nearly 21 millions people in the United
States (about 7% of the populations) have
diabetes, and about a third do not even know
they have the disease.
Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic
kidney disease.
Diabetes accounts for 45% of kidney failure.
Worldwide, 171 million people have
diabetes.
At lease 20% of people older than 65 years
have diabetes. www.kidney.org 8
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Symptoms of Diabetes Frequent Urination
Excessive Thirst
Unexplained Weight Loss
Extreme Hunger
Sudden Vision Changes
Tingling or Numbness in hands or feet
Feeling very tired much of the time
Very dry skin
Sores that are slow to heal
More infections than usual
Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pains are some of the
symptoms in an insulin-dependent diabetic, which is called
Type 1 Diabetes.
www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumer/learn.htm9
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Risk Factors & White Foods to Avoid
Belly Fat
Family History
Smoking
Sanitary Life Style
Risk Factors White Foods to Avoid
Bread “White”
Flour “White”
Sugar “White”
Fried Foods
Pasta “White”
Soda
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Treatment with Insulin & Oral Medication
Insulin14%
No Medication
16%
Insulin & Oral
Medication13%
Oral Only57%
www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/general07.htm 11
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Long-Term Complications
Heart, Brain,
Legs, Eyes, Kidney
Nerves, Skins
Heart Failure
Stroke
Leg Cramps
Poor Vision
Kidney Failure
Damage to the Nerves
Skin Breakdown
Angina
www.merck.com/mmhe 12
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Diabetes and the Kidneys
Diabetes can harm the kidneys by causing damage to the
following:
Blood vessels in the kidneys
Poor intake of fluid
Nerves in your body
Medication – diuretic “water pills”
Urinary tract
www.kidney.org 13
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Functions of the Kidney
www.niddk.org 14
Pair of Organs
Keep the Blood Clean
Process 200 quarts of
Blood daily.
Removes Waste
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Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease
Frequent Urination
Blood and or Protein in the Urine
Burning during Urination
Puffiness & Swelling (edema) in the face, hands
& feet
High Blood Pressure
Skin Itching
Nausea & Vomiting
Weakness
www.brighthub.com/health/diabetes/articles/2749/aspx 15
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Primary Causes of Kidney Failure
Glomerulonephritis8%
Cystics Disease
2% Urologic Disease
2%
Other17%
Diabetes44%
High Blood Pressure
27%
Kidney Failure
kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudisease/pubs/kdd 16
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Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Stage Description
Glomerular Filtration
Rate (GFR)
1
Kidney damage (e.g.,
protein in the urine)
w/normal GFR 90 or above
2
Kidney damage w/mild
decrease in GFR 60 to 89
3 Moderate decrease in GFR 30 to 59
4 Severe reduction in GFR 15 to 29
5 Kidney Failure Less than 15
www.kidney.org17
Dialysis
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Prevent Kidney Disease
Ways that diabetics can prevent themselves from
acquiring kidney disease:
Control your blood sugar level
Keep blood pressure under control
Check your blood pressure often
Test for kidney disease once a year
Take medicine to control blood glucose
cholesterol, & blood pressure.
Follow your diet for diabetes
Get regular exercise www.kidney.org
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Chronic Kidney DiseaseChanging the Diet
Protein Limit the amount of protein that you eat: instead of 8 oz.
more like 3 or 4oz.
Cholesterol Limit the amount of High Cholesterol foods:
cookies, pastries and muffins.
Sodium No canned or processed foods like: frozen dinners and hot
dogs.
Potassium Oranges, potatoes, bananas, dried fruits, dried beans, and
peas, nuts and snack foods.
Not Smoking
Two leading cause of Kidney Disease is
Diabetes and High blood pressure
www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov
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Sample Meal Plan Diabetes and Kidney Disease
Breakfast
o Peanut Butter Oatmeal
o Fresh Sliced Pears
o Very Berry Smoothie
Lunch
o Baked Salmon on a Toasted Hamburger Bun
o Roasted Asparagus Spears w/Spicy Tofu Hollandaise
o Sliced Pineapple w/Strawberry Lemon thyme Sorbet
Snack
o Cucumbers w/Horseradish & Dill Dip
o Mixed Nuts
Dinner
o Grilled Vegetables on Bulgur Pilaf
o Sliced Avocado
o Rum-Baked Apples
www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov 20
The potassium contents of this meal may be to high for some people
with Chronic Kidney Disease stages 3 or 4
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Hypothesis It is hypothesized individuals with stages 3 or 4 chronic
kidney disease who consume a Renal Failure Diet over a 6
month period will be significantly more likely to have their
chronic kidney disease enter remission than individuals with
stage 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease who do not modify their
diets.
It is further hypothesized that individuals with stage 3 or 4
chronic kidney disease who consume an renal failure diet over
a 6 month period will be significantly less likely to require
dialysis treatment than individuals with stage 3 or 4 chronic
kidney disease who do not modify their diets.
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Method
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Participants
23www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov
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Materials
www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov 24
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Materials
Assessment Materials
Renal Failure
Diet Foods
Blood –Testing
Equipment
10 Medical Doctors
Outpatient Dialysis Facility
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Procedures
Diagnosis of Type I Diabetes and participants with stage
3 or 4 Chronic Kidney Disease.
Experimental participants receive a week’s worth of
Renal Failure Diet frozen meals from the Outpatient
Dialysis Center weekly.
Control participants will maintain their regular diet;
which will consist of all food being:
Broiled
Grilled
Baked
www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov
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Procedures Cont.
Participants will be asked to eat meals at a set times.
7 am Breakfast
11 am Lunch
2:30pm Snack
6 pm Dinner
Time Frame
6 month period
Assessments to determine the necessity of dialysis
treatment
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References American Diabetes Association, (2007); Diabetes, Retrieved on
August 12, 2010, from www.diabetes.org
Brighthub Health (2008); Health and Diabetes, Retrieved on August
25, 2010; from;
www.brighthub.com/health/diabetes/articles/2749/apsx
Center for Disease Control, (2007); What is diabetes, Retrieved
on August 12, 2010, from
www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumers/learn.htm
eMedicine for WebMD, (2009); Development of Type I
Diabetes; Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com
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References
Merck Manuals, (2010); Online Medical Library, Long-Term
Complications Diabetes; Retrieved on August 19, 2010,
from www.merck.com/mmhe
National Kidney and Urologic Disease Information Clearinghouse,
(2010); Kidney Disease, Retrieved from,
www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov
National Kidney Foundation, (2008); Kidney Disease and
Diabetes, Retrieved on August 19, 2010, from
www.kidney.org